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A study of the relationship between interoceptive sensibility and distress tolerance in community and college samples
No full textInteroceptive sensibility (IS) involves the detection, integration, and interpretation of internal bodily signals, primarily from cardiovascular, pulmonary, or gastrointestinal systems. Dysfunction in interoceptive processing has been increasingly recognized as a clinically relevant factor in numerous neurological, psychiatric, and behavioral disorders. This thesis aimed to elucidate the relationship between interoceptive sensibility and distress tolerance, hypothesizing that individuals with heightened interoceptive sensibility may exhibit poorer distress tolerance, potentially influencing emotional regulation and maladaptive coping mechanisms. To explore these relationships, two studies have been conducted utilizing self-report measures of interoceptive sensibility and distress tolerance in community and college samples. In a study of college students, a significant positive correlation between interoceptive sensibility and poorer distress tolerance. In a study recruiting participants from a south-eastern United States metropolitan area, a non-significant positive relationship between interoceptive sensibility and poorer distress tolerance. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed
Body dissatisfaction in college students: Which sociocultural pressure best predicts drive for thinness?
Get PDFPrevious literature has suggested that family pressure is the main predictor of drive for thinness (Palladino Green & Pritchard, 2003). Given the growth of social media where thin beauty is glamorized, we wanted to test if this remains true while including multiple factors that may have been disregarded in body-centric studies. Consequently, we asked which sociocultural pressure—family, peers, or media—relates the strongest with body shame, body surveillance, and drive for thinness. A sample of 1,049 undergraduate psychology students, ages 18-29, were surveyed to better understand body dissatisfaction in college students. We predicted that each sociocultural pressure would correlate with body shame, body surveillance, and drive for thinness, with family pressure being the main predictor for each. Results revealed a moderate correlation between all variables, with media pressure being the main predictor of drive for thinness. Similar to Wang and others (2020), the increase in online appearance conversations that develop into body shame supports these correlations. It is imperative that young adults are aware of how online appearance conversations could develop into body dissatisfaction. Future studies should explore other factors that contribute to the drive for thinness
Robotics in Exercise Science
Get PDFLifting weights in a gym the conventional way with heavy plates and a bar can be dangerous when attempting to lift loads that approach and exceed an individual\u27s failure limit. Muscles increase in size when there is hypertrophy in their cells, which occurs when they are pushed to the limit and tear. A solution to achieve max lifting capacities that approach failure safely can be by designing and implementing an essentially weightless piece of exercise equipment, the particular solution we are focusing on is an electro-pneumatic solution
A historical analysis and evaluative review of performance validity tests
Get PDFInvalid performance on tests, which detect neurological symptoms, is a prevalent issue that disrupts neuropsychological evaluations; therefore, validation of tests which detect invalid performance is critical. This review summarizes eleven performance validity tests (PVTs) and reports two aspects of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, as these metrics are commonly reported and act as standardized metrics. PVTs are grouped into three categories: the Rey tests, simple forced-choice tests, and complex forced-choice tests. Rey tests were the first to be developed and, though they provided a good foundation for future tests, they yield low sensitivities and specificities. Simple forced-choice tests establish the forced-choice paradigm resulting in a high specificity, as their low difficulty ensures that most invalid performers score well above the cutoff. Complex forced-choice tests improve sensitivity by increasing face difficulty, making invalid performers further underperform and score below the cutoff. Improvements have been made since the development of the Rey tests, though modern tests still often do not achieve satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, current performance validity evaluation strategies used in popular tests must be modified, and new strategies must be proposed to further improve PVTs
Enhancing fan engagement in medium-sized university athletics: a case study of The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to explore how medium-sized universities, specifically the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC), can mimic the successful fan engagement strategies of other universities to build a sustainable and engaged fan base. This study analyzes previous research into the factors that contribute to fan engagement, including the segmentation of attendees into fans or spectators, and compares financial records of selected peer institutions. Peer institutions were contacted in an effort to gain insights from their marketing departments. A randomized survey of the current student population was conducted to analyze what factors motivate athletic event attendance. The study finds that a large number of students that were surveyed responded that they do not attend UTC athletic events, a considerable amount of students who do attend athletic events show signs of spectatorship, and the UTC athletic department generates more revenue compared to in-conference peer institutions. Based on these findings, I offer recommendations to the UTC administration and athletic department that are aimed at increasing fan engagement and resolve student concerns expressed in the survey through the creation of new traditions, increasing fan identification among current students, enhancing fan and spectator engagement, and development of a brand ambassadorship program
The impact of teaching residency programs on burnout in urban schools
Get PDFThis doctoral research investigates burnout of urban educators in a large southeastern district for a mixed methods study. Research questions one and two investigate demographic and organizational variables to determine if they are predictors of burnout or any of the three subcomponents, respectively. In research question three, teaching residencies were explored to determine if they provide appropriate preparation for teaching in urban schools which can limit burnout of educators. Variable data was collected through surveys and analyzed quantitatively of a sample of 69 urban teachers across 12 schools. For research question four, a subsample of teachers participated in focus groups to reveal subjective opinions, attitudes, and reflections on the experience of teaching in urban schools and the role their preparation played in experiencing burnout. Quantitatively, none of the demographic or organizational variables were predictors for burnout. Teacher preparation program was a significant predictor for personal accomplishment, a subcomponent of burnout. Themes from focus groups included criticism for traditional preparation programs, contrasted by satisfaction from alums of residency programs. In the workplace, urban teachers cited a lack of administrative support as the leading cause of burnout. This research can be used to address inadequacies in teacher preparation programs and influence the development of school level interventions to prevent and mitigate the effects of burnout
Post-traumatic stress disorder in trafficking in persons survivors: A systematic review
Get PDFThis systematic review examines post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence in adult and child trafficking in persons (TIP) survivors through analysis of 17 studies, including cross-sectional, cohort, and retrospective studies, from PubMed and PTSDpubs. 4,738 participants yielded an overall median PTSD prevalence of 32.63% (IQR = 20.78–54.42). Age stratification revealed median prevalences of 26.45% in children and 31.87% in adult survivors. Sex stratification indicated 22.68% in males and 38.07% in females, aligning with documented sex differences in PTSD prevalence. Further stratification by trafficking type showed 41.60% in commercial sexual exploitation and 30.67% in labor exploitation survivors. Limitations include methodological heterogeneity and sample size constraints. Future research should address diverse gender identities, trauma history, diagnostic consistency, cultural influences, and sex-specific susceptibility to PTSD in TIP survivors. This review contributes to understanding the mental health needs of TIP survivors, highlighting the urgency for further research and targeted interventions
A modern moral dilemma: a utilization of culture wars for political gain within the United States government
Get PDFThe present study researches the background of culture wars within the United States and showcases how these culture wars are being utilized by political entrepreneurs in order to achieve a goal separate from resolving the expressed policy issue. In an effort to investigate this phenomenon, this paper analyzes the historical timeline of several prominent culture wars within the United States and then uses this background as a lens to examine the political successes and failures of two United States governors who attempted to utilize culture wars in order to advance themselves politically. By examining the rhetoric used by Ron DeSantis of Florida alongside Doug Burgum of North Dakota, as well as the subsequent results of their administrative actions in regard to the specific culture wars chosen for this paper, abortion and gender-affirming care, this paper intends to demonstrate the consequences of this continued utilization on the American public. In particular, how it is affecting distracting focus from systemic issues and eroding media literacy
Single droplet combustion of alternative fuels
No full textAs the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions grows, research into alternative fuels is becoming increasingly important. Biofuels, such as biodiesel and ethanol, are already used in the transportation sector. Rising biodiesel production generates byproducts like glycerol and surplus alcohols, which are also candidates for combustion applications. This study explores both conventional and alternative fuels, including butanol and biocrude from Algal. Droplet combustion experiments were performed to analyze the combustion characteristics of the fuels. Using the suspended droplet method, various droplet sizes were tested. The results show that combustion progresses through distinct stages: preheating, swelling, and burning. While hydrocarbon fuels exhibited swelling and followed the D² law, fuels like ethanol, methanol, and algal oil displayed micro-explosions, deviating from this behavior. Flame characteristics also varied across fuel types. For example, blending butanol with gasoline reduced soot formation, and incorporating biodiesel into high-cetane diesel affected the burning rate and decreased soot emissions
Theoretical investigation of hydrogen abstraction from Fluorinated propanones and Fluorinated propanals
No full textPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of thousands of industrially used compounds often called “forever” chemicals because of their slow degradation process that leads to accumulation in soil, dust, drinking water, and the body. PFAS are used for their grease and water resistance properties but some of these compounds are toxic at extremely low levels. To better understand the effects of these types of compounds, the main pathways of their degradation need to be further investigated. This study analyzes computationally the hydrogen abstraction reactions by both hydroxyl radical and triplet oxygen atom for all possible fluorinated propanones and fluorinated propanals. Hybrid density functional theory calculations (mPWB1K functional in conjunction with 6-31+G(d,p) basis set) were used to determine the location of the saddle points as well as energetic parameters for all possible reaction pathways to ultimately gain a better understanding of the reactivity of these molecules. Most likely reaction pathways were predicted, and comparisons were made among all fluorinated propanones and fluorinated propanals. The effects of the hydroxyl hydrogen, carbonyl group, and number and position of fluorine atoms on the saddle points were analyzed