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Bio-psycho-social Effects of Street Harassment: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFResearchers and policymakers have underestimated the impact of street harassment on the victims. This systematic review examines the psychological, sociobehavioral and physiological effect of street harassment on the victims. This literature review examined all the peer-reviewed articles in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science with the following search terms – street harassment, eve-teasing, stranger harassment, harassment in public places, psychological effects, sociological effects, and physiological effects. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined. A total of 1668 studies were found in our search results and from that 29 studies were identified based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. The findings indicate that street harassment significantly impacts victims' psychological well-being, leading to increased levels of fear, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Victims often experience decreased self-esteem, heightened stress, and emotional distress, with long-term effects including persistent anxiety and changes in social behaviors to avoid further victimization. Physiological impacts include sleep disturbances, headaches, and digestive issues, potentially leading to chronic health problems. The socio-psychological impacts include significant alterations in social dynamics and behaviors, with victims often modifying their routines, attire, and social interactions to avoid harassment. Addressing street harassment effectively requires a multifaceted approach, including public awareness, supportive legal frameworks, and proactive social support systems
Education as Real Estate The Commodification of Higher Learning and Peri-Urban Transformation in Sonipat, India
Get PDFIn Sonipat, a city approximately 50km from the centre of Delhi in the National Capital Region, private universities have emerged as powerful urban actors, significantly reshaping the socio-economic, political and environmental landscapes. Here, expensive education is intertwined with extensive land acquisition, peri-urbanisation, and real estate development, leading to significant shifts in land use, labour dynamics, land markets and deepening social inequalities
Navigating Change with AI in the Evolving Creative Economy
No full textIn today’s rapid technological progress, the distinction between humans and artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly ambiguous. From Google’s search engine to Alexa, AI has integrated itself into numerous facets of our daily existence. Given the growing presence of robots and AI, it’s essential to consider the effects of human-robot interactions across various domains. This research examines how creative economies are evolving with the assistance of artificial intelligence, playing a role in economic expansion. The study aims to assess whether individuals working in creative industries can adjust to the disruptions and challenges stemming from technological advancements. The research also examines the elements that affect how individuals, communities, or economies can rebound, adapt, and flourish when confronted with challenges. The study further attempts to build a structural framework model based on the broad theoretical framework
Judicial Interpretation and Climate Governance: A Review of the South African Highveld Case
Get PDFClimate change is one of the most pressing global challenges of the 21st century. It is not only an environmental issue but also a human rights concern that impacts the fulfilment of internationally protected human rights (Humphreys, 2009), including the right to life, food, health, and housing (International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966; Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948). This is because increased mortality from heatwaves, floods, and storms leads to loss of life, food insecurity, malnutrition, and adverse health issues (United Nations, 2015). Worker and Palmer argue that climate change is also a social crisis that highlights global inequalities, where countries that have emitted less severely suffer the consequences (Worker and Palmer, 2021) due to fossil fuel consumption patterns in wealthier and rapidly developing economies (Mapp and Gatenio, 2019). Africa has been identified as one of the regions most prone to risks from the effects of climate change, mainly due to rising temperatures, floods, droughts, and limited adaptation capacity (African Climate Policy Centre, 2013; Serdeczny et al., 2016; World Meteorological Organisation, 2024). The socioeconomic challenges that many African nations face, including poverty, insufficient infrastructure, and political instability, compound these vulnerabilities (Outreach International, 2023). While everyone is affected by climate change, the most vulnerable groups are likely to suffer and bear the consequences of climate change depriving them from achieving their basic living conditions (Ahsan, 2016; Humphreys, 2009; Ngcamu, 2023). It is projected that by 2030, approximately 118 million individuals in Africa surviving on less than $1.90 a day will be increasingly affected by the impacts of climate change (World Meteorological Organisation, 2024)
Co-development of the educational content of a proposed educational mobile health application prototype on oral cancer using Delphi technique
Get PDFHealth literacy plays a vital role in improving literacy on oral cancer. Currently, the use of mobile health applications (MHAs) to educate oral cancer is largely underutilised. So far, only two educational MHAs on oral cancer (“M-OncoED” and “Prayaas”) have ever been reported in peer-reviewed empirical studies, and these two MHAs lacked a comprehensive and inclusive content for laypersons. Hence, this present study aimed to co-develop a comprehensive and inclusive educational content for an educational MHA prototype on oral cancer using Delphi technique. This Delphi study was four-phased, and a total of sixty subject matter experts (SMEs) participated in the study. The phases of this study included the literature review phase (first phase) and three rounds of expert consultations (the second to the fourth phases). Consensus was achieved when a mean Likert score of 3 or above was obtained from the responding SMEs. The SMEs were dental, medical, and public health experts recruited from eight countries across four continents. A total of sixty, fifty-seven, and nineteen experts participated in the first, second, and third rounds of the Delphi consultations, respectively, reviewing an eight-sectioned educational content on oral cancer which was initially developed through literature review. Based on the feedback obtained from the Delphi consultations, the working educational content on oral cancer were iteratively revised till a final content was developed. This study produced a comprehensive and inclusive educational content which can be used to develop an educational MHA on oral cancer for laypersons
Research Handbook on Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL)
No full textThis Research Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) with chapters exploring different facets of TWAIL scholarship. It covers major doctrines and topics of international law, as well as TWAIL perspectives on central historical and theoretical debates
Role of media use, incentives policy, and perceived inconveniences in transforming consumers’ intention to purchase residential rooftop solar panel systems in India
No full textDespite increased promotional efforts from marketers and policymakers to enhance the adoption of residential rooftop solar panel systems (SPS) in India, the acceptance rate of SPS is minimal. Thus, by extending the technology acceptance model (TAM), this study aims to examine the role of media use, incentives policy and perceived inconveniences in determining consumers’ purchase intention of SPS in India.Based on purposive sampling among potential consumers residing in three northern-west states of India, 585 responses were collected using the field survey technique and analyzed with the help of PLS-SEM.Results indicated that attitude toward SPS, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, media coverage of green energy technology (GET) messages, media exposure to environmental issues and perceived incentives policy are important predictors of SPS purchase intention. Contrarily, overall perceived cost and perceived inconveniences were identified as the barriers that negatively affect perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and purchase intent. Perceived incentives policy showed a positive moderation effect on the relationship between perceived cost and purchase intention.This study adds new knowledge to the literature on solar energy adoption by discovering novel relationships of perceived inconveniences, media coverage of GET messages and media exposure to environmental issues, with TAM’s constructs. This study also offers the first practical evidence of how perceived incentives policy moderates the relationship between perceived cost and purchase intention
A Few Critical People to Handle the Truth: AI, Hallucinations, and the Labour of Law Clerks
No full text“Nuance Matters” claimed U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts as he spoke about the imperative need for the legal profession to proceed with “caution and humility” in its adoption of AI. The debates surrounding the usage of AI in the legal profession have mostly revolved around the displacement of labour. Additionally, there has been a rise in the discourse on the ethical use of AI by lawyers, requiring them to follow professional standards and ensure diligence in following the output of AI models. Judges have also not been immune to the effects of AI, with Lord Justice Birss of the Court of Appeals of England and Wales declaring the use of ChatGPT as “jolly useful”. Most jurisdictions have been trying to grapple with the effects of AI in the legal profession, with some banning the use of AI and automated decision-making tools entirely. Canada’s Federal Court, for instance, requires law clerks and judges to follow the principles of, inter alia, accountability, non-discrimination, accuracy, transparency, and having a “human in the loop”, while utilizing AI. These guiding principles for all members of the bar and the bench are important given the tendency of large language models (LLM) to hallucinate. With the proliferation of AI usage in courts, the role played by actors such as law clerks becomes critical. While the law clerks’ role differs in different jurisdictions, different courts, and under different judges, they broadly evaluate petitions, conduct legal research, assist in drafting, and prepare synopsis and case summaries. There is considerable overlap between the functions performed by the judge and the law clerks; therefore, the importance of this position cannot be understated. The position of a law clerk, while given its due credit in the U.S., is perceived as significantly lower in value in India and Nigeria. This perception results in only a minuscule number of law graduates applying for such positions, as they are essentially considered a stepping stone to rising in the legal profession. With the rise of AI and its corresponding usage in the legal profession, it becomes necessary to evaluate the role of law clerks in the digital landscape. This chapter argues that rather than AI displacing law clerks, as many scholars have pointed out, their labour would be invaluable in the current context. Conceivably, clerks would act as a firewall, assisting the judges not only in the traditional role of conducting legal research but also in weeding out hallucinated cases and propositions used by lawyers. This chapter aims to focus on two jurisdictions, namely India and Nigeria, as it delves into the invisible labour provided by law clerks. It highlights how the role of screening out hallucinations might bring visibility to their contributions, given that their role is frequently devalued in the legal profession within these jurisdictions
Climate Alarmism and Denialism1
No full textClimate change, long studied and discussed, has reached a point where its impacts are now unavoidable. This crisis has been exacerbated by past framing of the issue, which either denied the reality of climate change or minimised its urgency, largely due to the influence of interest groups such as corporations. To address the inevitable climate crisis, it is essential to cultivate critical literacy. This involves a comprehensive understanding of climate science, as well as the ability to critically evaluate the narratives and influences that have contributed to the current inaction. By developing this deeper awareness, we can better address the complexities of climate change and prepare for more effective policies
Analytical Strategies for Source Identification and Environmental Justice
No full textAccurate pollution source identification is essential for effective environmental regulation and sustainable resource management. This process involves determining the origin, nature, and quantity of pollutants & emerging contaminants, enabling targeted interventions, and reducing reliance on generalized assumptions. Pollution sources are majorly categorized as point or nonpoint for water pollution, mobile or stationary for air pollution, each category represent unique monitoring and certain challenges. These can be overcome by using advanced methodologies & techniques, including environmental sampling, remote sensing integrated with GIS, chemical fingerprinting, and statistical modelling, enhance source attribution by linking pollutants & emerging contaminants to their origins with high spatial and temporal resolution. However, the exact identification of sources remains difficult because of analytical constraints and imperfect data quality and overlapping processes that occur. The detection technologies need improvement and standardization in monitoring frameworks to overcome these challenges. This chapter will also explain the ability to identify pollution sources effectively enables regulator-ship based on science which leads to declassification protocols and enables protective strategies that protect both nature and public well-being. Moreover, it is also well integrated with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals; Clean Water & Sanitation (SDG 6), Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG 11), Responsible Consumption & Production (SDG 12), Life below Water (SDG 14), Life on Land (SDG 15), Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions (SDG 16)