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Impact of Israel-Palestine Conflict on Global Economic Relations
No full textThe Israel-Palestine conflict, rooted in competing nationalist claims and shaped by historical events like the Balfour Declaration and UN partition plan, has driven decades of territorial, political, and economic challenges. This chapter will analyze how wars following Israel's establishment expanded its territory and displaced Palestinians, entrenching socio-economic issues such as high unemployment, restricted trade, and aid dependency in Palestinian regions. Israel's defense spending strains its economy, while instability disrupts regional trade, tourism, and investor confidence, impacting global supply chains in energy and minerals. Economic strategies, including corporate investment in regional infrastructure and renewable energy, alongside initiatives supporting Palestinian development, can promote stability. The chapter concludes by focusing on diversified supply chains and collaborative projects, as well as global and regional stakeholders that can address economic and political dimensions of the conflict, with the hope of long-term peace
Input Use and Socio-economic Status of Farmers : a case of paddy cultivation in India
Get PDFInadequate input use has been one of the biggest factors constraining productivity growth in Indian agriculture. There have been rich scholarly interventions relating input use to productivity growth in India. However, the level of input use depends on a complex set of factors, including the socio economic profile of farmers. Though there has been a system of public provisioning of various inputs, the awareness, access, and affordability of desirable inputs depends heavily on the socio economic status of the farmer. Most of the studies regarding input use are limited to the size of the farms. This study explores the determinants of input use in a relatively comprehensive way by incorporating a large set of factors reflecting the socio economic condition of farmers in India. Along with the farm size of the farmer, it also includes social groups, gender, education level, access to Kisan Credit Card, membership of farmer’s organisation, family size, awareness about minimum support price, access to public procurement, type of land holdings, access to bank account, access to crop insurance, and age group of farmers as determinants of input use in the farming process. To have a broader and more consistent analysis, rice cultivation is taken as a case study. The paper draws its conclusion based on NSSO 77th round unit level data by using OLS regression to show that the socio-economic profile influences input use in a substantial manner. Without considering such differentiation across farmers, no policies or programmes targeting input use would be fully effective in the Indian context
The Proviso Parable
No full textGenerally, a proviso provides that something that is provided for may be interpreted in the manner provided, provided that, or provided further, or provided also that certain conditions or qualifications are provided for. The above proposition is as perplexing as the exercise of interpreting certain provisos. Regardless of the supporters of the plain language movement marshalling support for simple, accessible legal language, the web of provisos has been spun far too wide, making it ubiquitous in the legal world. In the Income Tax Act, 1961 alone the word “provided” appears a whopping 1,411 times! With the general understanding of the proviso’s function being that it merely carves out an exception, it becomes increasingly essential that a decisive interpretation of provisos in general is achieved, for, it becomes fundamental to one’s understanding of the Income Tax Act, 1961, as well as other important statutes
Balancing Rights and Regulation : an analysis of India’s street vendors act and its implementation
Get PDFThis article critically examines India's Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, 2014, highlighting its implementation challenges and broader implications for urban governance. It analyses how this Act attempts to balance vendors' livelihood rights with public space management, revealing tensions between formalisation benefits and informal economy flexibility. The article identifies key issues including delays in forming Town Vending Committees, inconsistent application across jurisdictions, and conflicts with existing laws. These challenges underscore larger questions about inclusive urban development and informal sector regulation in rapidly urbanising contexts. By examining judicial interpretations and on-ground realities, the article offers insights into the complexities of translating progressive legislation into effective practice. It proposes reforms aimed at strengthening implementation mechanisms, enhancing stakeholder participation, and promoting economic empowerment, contributing to ongoing debates on informal economy management in the Global South
Hijacking Democracy : proposals on the future of the european union in Czechia, Hungary, and Slovakia (2015–2022)
Get PDFEU integration has opened new controversies in making sense of democracy. This article studies how discourses on democracy in EU integration open spaces to hijack the concept of democracy, using a novel empirical dataset on proposals for reforming EU democracy formulated during the rise of the “EU crisis” rhetoric between 2015–2022. The analysis focuses on 131 proposals from Czechia, Hungary, and Slovakia as sources with the rationale to present forward‐looking claims on EU democracy. The three EU member states have struggled with post‐1989 democratic consolidation. Between 2015–2022, fundamental tenets of democracy continued to be undermined in Hungary with implications for the decision‐making and legitimacy of the EU institutions. The analysis finds limited conceptual innovations in references to democracy in the proposals. Moreover, it shows how illiberal actors, identified by conceptions of democracy reduced to (state‐level) majority rule, present conventionally antidemocratic ideas as embodying the spirit of democracy. In all three countries, democratic actors broadly failed to counter these hijacking attempts. The findings underscore the impoverished discourses on democracy in the context of EU integration in the small Visegrad countries. They also call for enhanced public representations of views on the EU in an inclusive manner
The Impact of Online and Blended Learning on Teacher Preparation
No full textThis chapter explores the impact of online and blended learning on teacher preparation, highlighting its historical evolution, current trends, and future directions. The chapter examines how these learning models influence curriculum design, teaching practices, skill development, collaboration, and assessment in teacher education programs. It also addresses the challenges and limitations, such as technological disparities, lack of hands-on experience, and maintaining engagement in virtual environments. Emerging trends like personalized learning through AI, immersive technologies, global collaboration, and lifelong learning are also discussed, showcasing their potential to reshape teacher training. The chapter concludes by offering recommendations for enhancing online and blended teacher preparation programs, emphasizing the need for equity, technological access, and ongoing professional development. These recommendations aim to ensure that future educators are well-prepared to meet the diverse needs of 21st-century classrooms
Comparative Analysis of Law Enforcement-Based Victim Services in the Global South and Global North : a perspective from Australia and India
No full textThe dividing lines between the Global North and the Global South have without a doubt outcompeted concerns of those disciplines where differences and similarities are expressed at the same level elements as socio-economic, political, and legal factors to integrate into its model for consideration. This chapter observes how the comparison of the implementation of the services for victims by police rhetoric estimates the differences and possibilities between the two regions. Specifically, through the discussions of Australia and India, as illustrations, this chapter shall try to highlight the fashion in which community based policing and law enforcement can help in enhancing. Global North is represented by Australia to show has its own special branch in the police hierarchy for the victims. These are known for its smooth running enhanced by the law and e business, which also serve as a shield for the players. However, the step taken by Australia is an attempt to create a model that scales the two objectives of exculpating the victims and the criminal justice of the whole country. The Australian example gives a plan that includes the help provided to the victims in the disciplinary measures. Policing of the community with reference to Australia and the United States is a key factor in the development of trust and cooperation between police and the people of the society. This approach is rather more concerned with strategies that will without doubt afford swifter and more helpful assistance thus taking the victims on the path to recovery and reintegration. On the other side, India has been assigned the role of speaking and portraying all things from the Global South. Despite the challenges faced, the Indian government has taken significant steps toward strengthening social support for victims through socio-development programs and reforms in policing methods. The core principle of India’s approach recognizes the importance of community participation and the need to adapt services to practical contexts, particularly for marginalized communities. Community policing in India is a blend of socially-driven policing—where caregivers handle specific types of cases—and neighborhood policing, where government representatives take responsibility for community welfare. At the same time, independent authorities manage various aspects of public safety. This approach fosters positive community relations, enhances familiarity with local life, and ensures sensitive support for victims
Optimizing Global Learning Programs Through Learner Analytics
No full textLearner analytics is revolutionizing global education by providing valuable insights into student behaviors, performance, and engagement through advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning. This chapter explores the impact of learner analytics on global learning programs, highlighting its potential to personalize educational experiences, enhance student outcomes, and address diverse learner needs. It examines key aspects such as data collection and management, adaptive learning, and the integration of predictive analytics. Challenges related to data privacy, cultural and contextual differences, and ethical considerations are discussed, alongside emerging trends such as multimodal data integration and the use of augmented and virtual reality. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the importance of ethical data practices and cross-institutional collaboration in optimizing learner analytics to create more inclusive and effective educational environments
Promises and Pitfalls of the Draft Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Bill, 2024
Get PDFThe Department of Legal Affairs has proposed the Draft Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Bill, 2024, with an aim to boost institutional arbitration, reduce court intervention, and ensure timely conclusion of arbitration proceedings. The proposed amendments reflect an objective to align India’s arbitration rules and practices with prevailing international standards. Furthermore, the legislature has sought to codify major judicial rulings regarding the interpretation of the Act. The proposed Bill leaves room for addressing certain additional areas and includes some provisions that may increase complexity in the existing arbitration framework. This blog aims to address such provisions and the gaps in the Bill
India : online gaming bill 2025
Get PDFOn 21 August 2025, the Indian Parliament passed the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Bill, 2025. The Indian Government has highlighted the dangers associated with money games, ranging from addiction and deceptive advertising to sizable financial losses, and the Act aims to curb them and deliver legal clarity by removing grey areas that previously allowed operators to package gambling as “skill gaming”. Moreover, centralised approach of the Act creates a baseline that allows uniform administration, a muchneeded shift away from the previously fragmented regulatory landscape in India. The High Courts, also, were split on the question of legality regarding fantasy sports. The Act, therefore, is a significant departure from the past, when regulation was inconsistent and state driven