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Emerging Perspectives on Social Decision-Making
No full textThis chapter explores the process of decision-making and the complexities of the social mind. It dives into the many factors that influence our decisions, notably the cognitive and emotive ones. The decisions entail choosing among several options. These decisions are influenced by a variety of factors, including resource availability, social norms, and contextual considerations. The Sanskrit phrases Sankalp and Vikalpa perfectly express the core of decision-making. Sankalp signifies not only a decision but also the desire to abide by it, whereas Vikalpa acknowledges the active quest for alternatives. Social cognition plays an important part in determining our decisions. Our ideals, feelings, and peer pressure all influence the decisions we make. For example, voting decisions are rarely made in isolation; they are influenced by our social connections, party memberships, and opinions of candidates. Philosophical, statistical, and economic perspectives are all used in decision-making research. Cognitive psychology, medical informatics, commercial management, and political science have all contributed to a diverse set of decision-making strategies and models. This subject is handled from two major theoretical perspectives: normative and descriptive theories. Normative theories specify how people “should” make decisions, emphasizing rationality and optimality. In contrast, descriptive theories investigate how people “actually” make decisions, recognizing the intricacies of human judgment. This chapter provides an overview of select viewpoints on decision-making and presents a contextualized strategy for dealing with decision-making subtleties
A comprehensive analysis of personality traits, procrastination and cognitive failures in college students: The impact of gender
Get PDFThe study aims to explore relationships between personality traits, procrastination, and cognitive failures, and also examines gender differences in these three variables. The sample consisted of a total of one hundred and sixty college students from the Punjab region of India. Data was collected using self-report measures, including the NEO Five-Factor Inventory-Revised, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, and the General Procrastination Scale. A T-test was used to calculate the significant gender differences. The relationship between personality traits, procrastination and cognitive failures was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and linear regression. All statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software. The results showed that conscientiousness was negatively correlated with procrastination and cognitive failures. Males tend to procrastinate more and names of cognitive failures, whereas females experience more neuroticism and cognitive failures, particularly in distractibility and blunders. Agreeableness was negatively correlated with cognitive failures, blunders and distracters. Conscientiousness and agreeableness were found to be significant predictors of procrastination and cognitive failures
Are phubbers academically buoyant?
Get PDFPurpose
Phubbing refers to the act of ignoring the presence of others around you by fixating one's eyes on a digital device. The behavioural phenomenon of Phubbing has received much traction recently with the increasing dependence of individuals on internet-enabled-digital devices. Students have now been using digital gadgets to achieve their academic goals. Hence, we assume that the phenomenon of phubbing may also be prevalent among students, which might influence their ability to overcome everyday academic challenges (low levels of academic buoyancy, i.e., the ability of students to deal with their academic tasks).
Design
The present work explores the relationship between the two recently studied concepts of Phubbing and Academic Buoyancy. The current study collected data from students of management schools ranked among the Top 10 in India, as per India's National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranking for 2024. The authors used survey methodology to collect data, which involved sending a questionnaire link to 300 students, out of which 258 students reverted back to the survey. After filtering out the data for incomplete surveys, the final sample included 203 students. Reliable and validated psychometric scales were used to analyze the constructs of the current study. A 7-point Likert scale was used to assess each item. For the analysis, structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed.
Findings
The results supported our hypothesis at a 5 per cent level of significance. We find that the act of phubbing is associated with lower academic buoyancy among the students, and the relation between the two is mediated by imposter syndrome. The results show that phubbing can lead to a detrimental impact on students' capability to perform effectively. The frequent display of phubbing indicates grave behavioural issues because of imposter syndrome, which manifests as lower academic buoyancy. Academic practitioners can enhance their understanding of the factors leading to lower capabilities among students and approach the problem accordingly.
Originality
The current study extends the academic literature by showing the impact of phubbing on the levels of academic buoyancy. The study also suggests that phubbing would influence academic buoyancy through the individual's level of feelings of imposter syndrome. The higher the phubbing, the higher the feeling of imposter syndrome, which would lead to a lower level of academic buoyancy
Enhancing hospital operations efficiency through digital twin technology
No full text“Digital twins (DTs)” provide significant potential for data-driven decision-making in the healthcare sector. This chapter provides background, an implementation approach, advantages, challenges, and ethical issues related to using DTs in healthcare, focusing on operational efficiency. Through the case study approach and adoption of system dynamics modeling (SDM) for diabetes management, we provide an implementation framework for implementing DTs in healthcare and illustrate the learning from secondary and primary research. The approach demonstrates that the SDM is a valuable tool for simulation in healthcare settings where the policy environment is vaguely defined. The study concludes that DTs have immense potential to achieve operational efficiencies in healthcare. Future studies can evaluate the effectiveness of the six-step approach proposed to enhance hospital operations efficiency
Risk, Reliability and Resilience in Operations Management
No full textRisk, Reliability and Resilience in Operations Management examines measurement tools and techniques and their real-world application. The book provides a resource that is needed to help solve complex business operations and global supply chains and their important requirements for the accurate measurement of risk, reliability, and resilience to inform decisions and reduce risk. In addition, the book discusses advancements in technology and data analytics, with final sections covering the COVID-19 pandemic and how it has put greater emphasis on the importance of risk, reliability, and resilience in business operations.
This book provides a timely overview of measurement techniques and their application in operations management, offering insights into future directions in this field
INNOVATION AND PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ∙ Public-Private Partnerships as Catalysts for Development : opportunities and challenges of PPPs in zimbabwe
No full textThe quality of life for citizens is heavily influenced by adequate infrastructure. However, in developing nations, the deficiencies in infrastructure are substantial, surpassing the capacities of current development efforts. There is an urgent need for clean water, electricity, housing, and a comprehensive transportation and telecommunications infrastructure. Budget limitations, economic crises, and competing demands for limited state resources have made governments consider the public-private partnership model for infrastructure development. This article highlights the urgency of addressing the infrastructure deficit in Zimbabwe and advocates for sustained efforts to create an environment that encourages private investment. The study on this topic was qualitative and relied on a review of written documents examining the role of PPPs and the challenges faced in executing the projects. To successfully implement PPPs in Zimbabwe, the study recommends that the Zimbabwe government should enhance public participation, strengthen the legal and regulatory framework, and ensure that PPP projects are financially viable and managed transparently within budget limits
Secure Lattice-Based Signature Scheme for Internet of Things Applications
Get PDFThe enormous benefits of Internet of Things (IoT) technology have driven its deployment in various applications. Additionally, the development of quantum computers has directed attention towards lattice-based cryptography. Consequently, the computational capabilities of quantum computers pose a threat to the security of the existing IoT signature mechanisms. Quantum computers are proficient at unraveling the complexity bound of computationally hard problems like the integer factorization problem (IFP) and the discrete logarithm problem (DLP). As a result, security is an essential requirement for the IoT communication network against quantum attacks. The amalgamation of certificateless public key cryptosystems (CL-PKC) and lattice-based cryptography (LBC) is one of the solution for alleviating these security menaces. Lucidly, CL-PKC prevents key escrow issues and key management problems; LBC prevents quantum attacks. The Shortest Integer Solution (SIS) problem, which the NTRU lattices offer, serves as the basis for this paper’s introduction of a certificateless signature mechanism for IoT environments. By adopting the Random Oracle Model, we demonstrated the security of the suggested mechanism against Type 1 and Type 2 attackers. Furthermore, security analysis and performance evaluation demonstrate robust communication, as evidenced by metrics such as the computational cost of CL-Sign and CL-Verify phases at 536 μs , 376.81 μs and communication cost of KGC at 418 bits, CL-Sign at 532 bits and CL-Verify at 446 bits. Also, we calculate the cost of single-message signature generation and verification on an IoT device. These results show that the suggested mechanism’s security and computational efficiency are more reliable, and efficient than other relevant competing frameworks
Building in-Service Teachers' TPACK through Collaborative Learning in Virtual Spaces
No full textThis chapter explores the role of contextual knowledge (XK) in TPACK (Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge), especially within virtual collaborative learning environments. The empirical study was conducted with Indian in-service public school teachers. Using interpretive case study of three virtual groups of teachers, this study uncovers how contextual factors, peer support, and gender dynamics shape the development of TPACK. The findings demonstrate that virtual spaces do possess the capacity to make huge improvements to teachers' access to diversified resources and peer networks. Yet, integration of technology into pedagogical practices is heavily influenced by local contexts and social structures. The chapter argues for the inclusion of contextual knowledge in professional development framework. Key insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers aiming to enhance the effectiveness of teacher training programs in diverse educational settings are discussed
India’s opposition in disarray after BJP’s Delhi victory
Get PDFThe Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) secured a significant victory in the 2025 National Capital Territory of Delhi elections, successfully capitalising on anti-incumbency sentiments, corruption allegations against the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) and a focus on urban infrastructure and economic improvement. The opposition's failure to effectively counter the BJP’s electoral strategy, combined with the AAP’s diluted focus due to their national expansion, suggests the need for revised, persuasive tactics that appeal to a broader voter base — particularly in light of upcoming 2029 general elections
