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Fabrication and Characterization of Wear-Resistant Surfaces: A Study on Powder-Mixed EDM
No full textThis study examines the surface texture, wear, and corrosion properties of Inconel-800, machining with electric discharge machining (EDM) using boron carbide as a powder additive. Due to Inconel-800’s unusual qualities, it is frequently utilized in a variety of sectors, particularly as a material that can tolerate high temperatures. However, standard methods of machining this material are quite challenging. Using a hybrid technique, the insulating strength of the oil is broken by mixing metal powder in the EDM oil; this technique is commonly known as powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM). The principal prospective structural material for high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) is Incoloy 800HT. The presence of impurities in the coolant, such as H2O and CH4, may cause corrosion processes that impact tribological behavior. All tests were conducted using a single graphite electrode, and inputs that varied during the research were current, pulse-on-time, and pulse-off-time. Every experiment was conducted twice to avoid error. After machining the surface texture of the specimen, wear and corrosion properties were examined. In comparison to outcomes obtained without using powder additives in EDM oil, the findings demonstrated that the addition of boron carbide powder significantly enhanced the response characteristics, particularly improving the machining properties. Together with the confirmation tests, the findings have been examined both with and without powder mixed dielectric. An energy-dispersive spectrograph (EDS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) have also been used to analyze the specimen’s surface properties
Characterization and Testing of Surface-Processed Materials Using Friction Stir Processing
No full textFriction stir processing (FSP) is an effective technique for enhancing the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of AISI 4337 steel. This chapter investigates the effects of FSP on the microstructure, hardness, tensile strength, and bending behavior of AISI 4337 steel. Optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction were employed to analyze the microstructural changes induced by FSP. The results revealed significant grain refinement and the formation of a dual-phase martensite-ferrite structure in the processed zone. FSP led to a remarkable increase in microhardness, with values reaching up to 548 HV compared to 344 HV in the base material. The yield strength also improved from 550 MPa in the base material to 720 MPa in the FSPed steel. However, a slight reduction in elongation was observed. The enhanced mechanical properties were attributed to the combined effects of grain refinement, phase transformation, and increased dislocation density. The chapter highlights the potential of FSP as a surface modification technique for improving the performance of AISI 4337 steel in automotive and other engineering applications
Arbitrating Innovation: Navigating Arbitrability of Patent Disputes in the Indian Legal Landscape
Get PDFIn 2018, the lengthy and high-profile patent infringement battle between smartphone titans Samsung and Apple concluded after seven years of extensive litigation, culminating in damages reaching millions of dollars. The considerable time taken to reach a decision could have been significantly reduced had arbitration been the chosen method for resolving the case. There is a growing interest in patent arbitration in many countries like U.S where patent disputes are expressly arbitrable. Despite this, the parties are confronted with major legal and practical obstacles to the use of arbitration, internationally and nationally. And then comes countries like India where, due to lack of legislation and public policy reasons, it is difficult to ascertain whether the dispute regarding patents are arbitrable or not. In this regard, this research paper discusses current framework on the arbitrability of patents disputes in India and also compares it with the legal framework of different countries in order to find some possible solutions to the existing uncertainty present in Indian laws with respect to arbitrability of patent disputes
Evaluating the Public’s Perception of Newspaper Coverage of Human Killings for Money Rituals in Nigeria
No full textThe objective of the study was to ascertain if the coverage of human killings for money rituals in Nigerian newspapers contributes to the increase in human killings for money ritual purposes. The study employed a survey design to investigate the subject matter among a sample of 400 respondents. Findings revealed that the audience's perception of newspaper coverage of human killings for money rituals is high and does not contribute to an increase in human killings for money rituals. On the contrary, the tested hypothesis revealed that newspaper coverage of human killing for money rituals contributes to this menace. Also, audiences are of the view that the Nigerian newspapers’ coverage of human killings for money rituals contributes little or nothing to the government curbing the menace in society. The recommendation was for Nigerian newspapers to intensify their coverage of human killings for money rituals. The goal is to provoke the government into creating policies that would help end the problem and promote national growth
Football Administration in Developing Nations: A Critical Legal Analysis of Football Governance in India in Comparison to the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
No full textFootball governance in developing nations is increasingly scrutinized due to the sport's global commercial value and its cultural and political influence. This article critically examines the administrative and legal frameworks governing football in two emerging football nations namely India and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Drawing from international governance standards, domestic statutes, and recent judicial interventions, this analysis explores the power dynamics, institutional fragmentation, and legal shortcomings that characterize football administration in these jurisdictions. Through a comparative critique of governance models, the article evaluates how legal structures reinforce or undermine transparency, accountability, and institutional independence mainly focusing on the Governance in Indian Football. It concludes with policy-oriented legal reform proposals aimed at harmonizing national practices with FIFA's governance mandates and promoting sustainable football development inIndia
IMP #9. Publish and Perish
Get PDFIn October 2025, several Hindi dailies reported that a professor from my department has been accused of defrauding forty-nine scholars through a conference that promised publication in a Scopus-indexed journal after peer review. I had sent a paper to that conference. It was not a naive decision. The paper had been moving through journals since 2022 with two rejections, multiple revisions, and neglect for several months. When the call for papers arrived from a colleague, I recognised it as a shortcut and went ahead. I wanted the work to appear somewhere rather than remain an unfinished file on my desktop
IMP #10. Why We No Longer Argue
Get PDFLast week, Francesca Orsini, a British scholar of Hindi literature was denied entry into India. The reactions have been divided along the now-familiar lines. For one group, the event symbolised the shrinking space for academic freedom and a government increasingly hostile to critical thought. For another, it was an assertion of sovereignty—a small act of epistemic self-defence against decades of western dominance in the study of Indian culture. Each side saw the other’s outrage as proof of hypocrisy
Innovation as Destiny: The Global Life of a Nobel Winning Theory
Get PDFWhat do we really mean when we say that innovation drives progress? That deceptively simple conviction—that prosperity depends on a self-renewing cycle of ideas—has become the central article of faith in modern economics. It underlines everything from national research and development policies and startup incubators to the World Bank’s “knowledge economy” reports. When the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt “for explaining innovation-driven growth”, the committee was not just honouring three scholars. It was consecrating an entire way of seeing history: that human welfare advances when societies lower the barriers to discovery, and that growth once properly organised, can sustain itself indefinitely
Argentina's Long Adjustment
Get PDFArgentina has experienced repeated cycles of stabilisation followed by crisis. Inflation is brought down, fiscal order is restored, access to external finance resumes, and markets declare success. Yet these moments rarely translate into sustained growth, durable welfare provision, or institutional rebuilding. Instead, stabilisation is followed by renewed foreign-exchange pressure, social strain, and political fragmentation, culminating in another adjustment episode
The Multi-Plant Trap: Rethinking India’s Manufacturing Puzzle
Get PDFIndia’s development story continues to be marked by one stubborn fact: its underperformance in labour-intensive manufacturing. Whether one looks at output, exports, or employment, India has remained below its potential. Take apparel exports. In 2005, India held about 3 percent of the global market. Almost two decades later, even after China began vacating space, the share is unchanged. Bangladesh, once behind, has surged to nearly 8 percent. Conventional wisdom blames India’s regulatory environment, especially restrictive labour laws, for keeping plants small. But the deeper question is not why Indian plants remain modest, but why so few have grown into the very large factories. And the answer lies in a phenomenon that has been hiding in plain sight: the rise of “multi-plants.