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Climate Law and Litigation : human rights in the contemporary climate context
No full textWhile the rise in climate-related litigations can be explained with a number of reasons, for instance, the advocacy
climate generated by the numerous climate change related claims presented to different international human rights agencies and
courts, the increasing significance given to international economic courts regarding these issues, and growing number of requests
from different international courts and tribunals for advisory opinion regarding climate change activities.
The assessment and in-depth analysis of the actions which the Plaintiffs undertook, as well as a survey of the actions which
were undertaken by the courts convinces them to believe that the claim is true.
The standards that have been identified are in alignment with five normative principles which are sourced from the rule of law. The
principles listed above include incorporating the prohibition on human rights, the determination of acceptable criteria for legislation,
prohibition against the abusive of authority of the state, equality and nondiscrimination, and the provision of legal remedies.
It contends that a human rights-based approach should be adopted as an alternative to achieve environmental protection and
relevant climate change action that is needed. In this sense, it evaluates environmental protection through the lens of human rights
as a tactic for mitigating and adapting to climate change.
The aim is to conduct a thorough investigation into the legal and pragmatic concerns related to the application of human rights
principles in addressing environmental and climate change issues, together with the potential benefits and hazards of this approach.
The study also restates the state’s obligation to support migration as a necessary component of adaptation in specific
circumstances. Its main focus is on adaptation factors in connection to climate change. The study argues that international human
rights law should be taken into consideration while interpreting and carrying out the adaptation tasks under the climate change
regime, using the tools of treaty interpretation
How do ESG practices promote collaboration on green investment for supply chain enterprises in China?
No full textThe rapid rise and wide penetration of environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices have promoted the green transformation of supply chains (SC) and provided opportunities for building sustainable SC. Corporate environmental governance is a vital ESG component that requires leveraging the synergy between enterprises in SC. This study constructs a panel dataset of listed corporates and their suppliers and retailers from 2008 to 2022, and explores the peer effect of SC on corporate green investment (CGI) behavior. The findings show that CGI decisions of suppliers and retailers in SC affects that of core enterprises. Thus, CGI behavior has a peer effect in SC. We prove the validity of the conclusion through some robustness tests. Further examination of the influencing factors shows that environmental information transmission and institutional pressure positively promote the CGI peer effect from environmental and social aspects respectively. This research supplements the literature on the study of sustainable SC, broadens the research boundaries of enterprise sustainable development and ESG performance, and has important implications for promoting SC sustainability
The Impact of Technology on PCK
No full textThis study investigates the impact of technology on teachers' pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). A case study approach was employed to explore how digital tools and resources influence teachers' content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and their integration. Data was collected through interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. Findings suggest that technology can enhance PCK by providing access to diverse resources, facilitating collaborative learning, and supporting innovative instructional practices. However, effective technology integration requires adequate professional development and alignment with pedagogical goals. This research contributes to understanding the complex relationship between technology and PCK, offering implications for teacher education and professional development
Advancements in water footprints research for achieving sustainable development goals: an overview
No full textThe water footprint (WF) is a comprehensive metric that measures the total amount of water consumption involved in the production of goods and services. It encompasses both direct and indirect water use, including blue water from fresh surface and groundwater, green water from rainfall, and gray water associated with wastewater and runoff. By providing insights into the impact of their activities on freshwater resources, the WF helps businesses, policymakers, and consumers understand and manage water use more effectively. The WF can be calculated for products, consumers, businesses, and geographic regions, providing a detailed view of water usage across the entire supply chain. Understanding the WF is crucial for promoting sustainable development and responsible resource management. It raises awareness of consumption patterns and encourages the adoption of more sustainable practices. For businesses, the WF can identify opportunities for water conservation and efficiency, leading to cost savings and improved reputation. Governments can leverage WF data to develop policies that support sustainable water management and ecosystem protection. Additionally, consumers can use WF information to make informed choices, fostering a shift toward more sustainable consumption patterns. The WF has grown into an established idea for investigating water use and its local consequences in agricultural and industrial output. Leveraging on recent advances, the WF concept is poised to be a useful tool for achieving all 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). This chapter intends to illustrate the WF concept’s potential to guide decision-making in both the public and business domains, ultimately leading to better water management and the achievement of the SDGs
EU and Unilateral Environmental Measures: legitimate protection or disguised protectionism
No full textCountries around the world are pressing for ‘environment protection’. This urgency is undeniable as the world is facing unprecedented challenge of global warming and witnessing many environmental catastrophes. However, due to the varied geographies and economies of countries, there seems to be an impasse between the global north and the global south about responsibility and compensation for loss and damage brought on by climate change. The global north as a solution to the existing problem has come up with unilateral environmental measures which can have far-reaching effects on the trade of developing and least developed countries (LDCs). In this context, the European Union’s (EU’s) introduction of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) as part of its ‘fit for 55’ climate policy package and the EU’s Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) have been introduced which not only impacts EU’s own domestic industry but has an extra-territorial application as well. This would further impact the exporters of steel, rubber, coffee, soy, and other products to the EU. It is undeniable that measures to protect the environment are a pressing priority, but those measures have to be applied in accordance with multilateral Agreements such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 1994. Further, such extra territorial and unilateral measures should take into account the peculiarities of various countries. Against this background, the paper will examine how the EU laws, such as the CBAM and the EUDR, may impact developing nations, particularly India and the compatibility of those unilateral measures with the relevant provisions of the GATT 1994
Learning fuzzy decision trees for predicting outcomes of legal cases relating to intellectual property rights
No full textLegal cases involve specific terminology, use past judgments as references, and the entire legal process is expensive, both in terms of time and money. Further, it is not clear at the outset whether the expected judgment will prevail. In the context of trademark and copyright cases, the present paper develops a rule-based system that can be useful, for both lawyers and litigants, as an assisting tool to predict outcomes. The paper proposes a forecasting framework involving TF-IDF weighting scheme, Fuzzy C-means algorithm for clustering, the construction of decision trees using Gini Impurity Measure, and using Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy controller for efficient prediction. The dependent variable is binary, and we observe that the combination of specific words and their relative importance has a bearing on the judicial outcome. The paper goes beyond predicting outcomes based on relevant features, and suggests specific rules leading to outcomes of legal proceedings. Accuracy, Balanced Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F-beta are used as forecasting efficiency metrics and the results indicate moderate forecasting efficiency
Jordan’s Child Custody Law: a blueprint for progress
No full textThe Personal Status Law of Jordan 2019 establishes a progressive framework for child custody, prioritising the child’s welfare through the dual concepts of hadhana (physical custody) and wilaya (legal guardianship). Rooted in Islamic principles, this legal structure differentiates the rights and obligations of custodians and guardians, primarily granting physical custody to the mother and legal guardianship to the father. The progressive nature of Jordan’s law lies in its flexibility, the focus on the child’s best interests, and its responsiveness to changing family dynamics. This recent development note examines the fundamental aspects of Jordan’s approach, its progressive characteristics, and how it can serve as a model for other Islamic countries
High prevalence of gynaecological symptoms among Indian women: implications for integrated menstrual and reproductive health
No full textThis short communication reports on the unexpectedly high prevalence of symptoms consistent with reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted infections among urban, mid-to-high-income Indian women participating in a study on menstrual cup acceptability. As part of the screening process, data on gynecological symptoms were collected via Google Forms, adhering to the World Health Organization (WHO) Syndromic Case Management Protocol. The exclusion criteria were based on this protocol, supplemented by expert recommendations and ethical review considerations. Given the online recruitment process, comprehensive exclusion data was available, allowing for a detailed assessment of symptom prevalence prior to exclusion. Analysis revealed that of the 41.5% of the 164 respondents who registered for participation report at least one symptom consistent with the WHO protocol. This high prevalence, observed in a demographic often assumed to have better access to healthcare, highlights significant gaps in awareness, screening, and care-seeking behaviors. The findings underscore the need for more integrated approaches to menstrual health (MH) and sexual and reproductive health (SRH), leveraging MH interventions as entry points for proactive screening, improved health education and enhanced access to SRH services
Rethinking Financial Market Behaviours in a VUCA World with a Quantum-like Lens
No full textThis chapter explores a new paradigmatic thinking in financial market behavior, namely, quantum-like framework (QLF), which is a philosophical, mathematical and information-theoretic extension of quantum science formulation to financial market behaviors. Complexity science has already enriched financial market understanding based on network and chaos theories; however, QLF can further enrich such understanding based on a concrete framework of radical uncertainty and ambiguity, which is analogically inspired by quantum physics (rather than any physicalist or reductionist approach). The chapter also provides insights for open quantum system theory-based analysis of financial market interactions, quantum game theory applications and quantum computation applications in financial markets for future