9782 research outputs found
Sort by
Obtaining a new type of polymer materials based on recycled polyethylene waste, sulfur, and melamine
Get PDFThis study investigates the valorization of polyethylene household waste through chemical modification to develop environmentally sustainable composite materials. Secondary polyethylene (PE) was treated with elemental sulfur and melamine as chemical modifiers to enhance its properties. The modified PE was characterized using advanced spectroscopic techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and other analytical methods, in accordance with ISO standards. Physical and mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness, were systematically evaluated to assess the performance of the resulting composites. The integration of melamine and chemically modified sulfur into secondary PE yielded materials with improved mechanical robustness and functional characteristics suitable for various industrial and consumer applications. This approach demonstrates an effective strategy for reducing polyethylene waste by converting it into value-added, functional composites, thereby promoting ecological sustainability and waste minimization. The findings underscore the potential of chemically modified secondary polyethylene as a viable resource for sustainable material development, contributing to environmental conservation and waste management efforts. Overall, this methodology offers a promising route for the reutilization of polyethylene household waste, aligning with principles of circular economy and ecological responsibility
Postcoloniality and Statehood: The Case of Egypt
No full textThis book traces the evolution of the postcolonial state and the social contract in Egypt. It problematises two of the most ubiquitous and contentious terms: democratisation and development, within the context of Egypt and the larger Global South. It also subverts western-centric ideas of global politics to examine why certain aspects of Egypt’s history and policies have received more attention than others. This volume presents a study of state-society relations, the shift to Infitah, the impact of neoliberalisation from 1970 to 2011, and social responses to it. It argues that the Arab Uprisings of 2011 were not isolated events, but a result of a longue durée political-economic history. Through the prism of postcoloniality, it shows how citizenship is constantly renegotiated in view of the ongoing neoliberalisation and the impact of such social transformations on the nature of the postcolonial state. It juxtaposes the role of the state and society against global political and economic landscapes to address the larger question: what is the nature of the postcolonial state? This book will be of interest to a wide array of scholars and researchers from politics and international relations, sociology and social anthropology, social theory, political theory, postcolonialism and Global South studies
Why China and India Diverged in Universal Elementary Education Policy : Implementation Measurement and the Culture of Expertise
No full textCurrent scholarship does not adequately account for why China outperformed India in terms of universal elementary education (UEE). Policy development mapping shows that policy efforts in China and India are similar, if not more serious in India. This chapter advances an argument based on policy implementation measurement and shows that India’s UEE policy focuses more on input measurement while China focuses more on output measurement, which largely explains the divergence of policy implementation patterns. Based on the culture of expertise for policymaking, the chapter further identifies two factors that lead to differences in policy implementation measurement: the standard of legitimacy and central-local relations. The findings here can enrich discussions about the impact of political institutions and cultures on policy implementation
Dismantling the Chaos Exception: Ukraine v. Russia and Human Rights Accountability
Get PDFThe author argues that the Grand Chamber's landmark ruling represents a "Nicaragua moment" for human rights law, fundamentally recalibrating the relationship between armed conflict and accountability by dismantling the doctrinal barriers that previously immunized battlefield violence from European Convention scrutiny..
From Conflict To Compensation: India's Strategic Path To Ensuring Pakistan's Accountability Through An International Claims Commission
No full textReceiving adequate compensation for victims of cross-border terrorism in India should be on the agenda. India's push to add Pakistan back on the FATF 'grey list' is aimed at ensuring economic repercussions. A case for establishing an international compensation mechanism, based on the 'due diligence' obligation under international law, further enhances that strategy. Holding Pakistan accountable for cross-border terrorism appears to be challenging through international adjudicatio
Cities without Sovereignty
Get PDFWhen New York elected Zohran Mamdani as its youngest mayor in a century, the reactions here were quite curious. We recognised the language of hope in the form of rent freezes, free buses and universal healthcare. But we also know that such promises would sound absurd coming from an Indian mayor. New York’s mayor can govern because the city has money, law, and autonomy. Cities in India, by contrast, have rarely been at the centre of transformative politics
Gig Work is Not Awesome
Get PDFWhen Ajay Shah and Amit Verma sat down to discuss the gig economy, they articulated a view of work that has shaped an entire generation of Indian thinking about labour markets. It is a view in which markets allocate labour efficiently, voluntary contracts reveal individual preferences, competition disciplines firms, and digital platforms dramatically expand the opportunity set for people who have long been excluded from the formal labour market. It is coherent, internally consistent, and recognisable to anyone who has taken an undergraduate course in economics
Why manufacturing has lagged in India
No full textA reason why India has lagged behind certain non-Western economies — such as China and South Korea — despite starting from roughly equivalent positions early in the 20th century is the relative underperformance of its manufacturing sector. While China and South Korea have seen significant increases in manufacturing, the share of manufacturing in India’s GDP has remained relatively constant over time and has recently lost ground to services
Understanding spatial equity in access to basic services in Bihar, India
No full textIn recent times, Bihar, the poorest state of India, has emerged as one of the fastestgrowing states in India, witnessing a substantial fall in poverty in the post-reform era. On the other hand, despite recent efforts to improve basic service availability, this state still lags behind the national average or international standards. It is also not distributed evenly over space and among individuals. In the context of the availability of basic services, following the vertical equity principle, it is expected that the poor should be provided with a higher level of basic services than the non-poor. In this paper, we attempt to find out how poverty varies across different spatial categories, i.e., rural, slum and non-slum within urban areas in Bihar. Secondly, how do the three spatial categories differ in the availability of a few select (publicly provided) basic services, namely access to drinking water, latrine, garbage cleaning facilities by local bodies and all-weather roads? Lastly, this paper tries to understand the association between poverty and the availability of these basic services. We included other less developed Empowered Action Group (EAG) states in the analysis for a comparative assessment of Bihar. This study used the 78th Multiple Indicator Survey Data (2020) conducted by the National Sample Survey (NSS). The Tendulkar Methodology of poverty estimation has been used in this paper. Our findings show that rural and slum areas have a similar level of poverty in Bihar. We have developed a set of Binary Logistic Models to examine the association between poverty and residential categories (rural, slum, and non-slum). The Binary Logistic Models show that slum dwellers are more likely to be poor than rural people in Bihar. Results on the availability of basic services show that rural people have much lower access to all the above-mentioned basic services than slums (except for all-weather road availability). The poor across all these spatial categories receive considerably lower access to basic services in Bihar. The rural poor receive the lowest availability of basic services. Binary Logistic Models further strengthen iniquitous access to basic services