Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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Epidemiology, Biology and Control Measures of Trichuris spp. in Small Ruminants: A Review from Bangladesh
No full textTrichuris spp., commonly known as whipworms, are a significant group of gastrointestinal nematodes affecting small ruminants in Bangladesh, particularly sheep and goats. They can reduce productivity and growth, resulting in poor appetite and increased morbidity, mainly in young or immunocompromised animals. These parasites reside primarily in the cecum and colon, where they cause variable clinical and subclinical impacts ranging from diarrhea, anorexia, and reduced weight gain to poor feed efficiency and, in severe cases, mortality. This review brings together most of the current knowledge of the taxonomy, morphology, life cycle, and pathogenesis of Trichuris spp. to discuss the current methods that can be used for diagnosis. It also summarizes the current epidemiological studies on infections in Bangladesh, and outlines and discusses some of the pertinent factors that can influence the prevalence of Trichuris spp, including climatic conditions, grazing, and husbandry systems. Controlling whipworm infections can be achieved through various methods, including the strategic application of anthelmintics, pasture management, and emerging options such as biological control strategies and nutrition, as strategies that may help in stomach parasite management both individually and in combination with others for sustainable parasite management. This review highlights knowledge gaps on whipworm infection and emphasizes the need for integrated control programs and further research to reduce the impact of Trichuris infections in small ruminants
Caesarean Section Followed by Ovariohysterectomy: A Successful Surgical Intervention of Dystocia Due to Emphysematous Fetuses in a Queen Persian Cat
No full textA 3-year-old female persian short-haired cat was presented at Teaching and Training Pet Hospital and Research Center (TTPHRC), Dhaka with a 24-hour history of unproductive labor and restlessness. Physical examination revealed abdominal distension and purulent vaginal discharge. Radiographic evaluation demonstrated a single retained fetus with gas opacity within the uterus, consistent with fetal emphysema, indicating fetal death and decomposition. A diagnosis of dystocia due to emphysematous fetus was established. An emergency cesarean section was performed under general anesthesia, and the decomposed fetus was removed. Because of the high risk of metritis and potential future reproductive complications, an ovariohysterectomy was performed during the same surgical session. Postoperative management included fluid therapy, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and analgesics. The queen recovered from anesthesia uneventfully and was discharged from hospital from recovery
Herbanoplex ® CP Phytogenic Premix Optimizes Cost-effective Broiler Production
No full textOne hundred and twenty unsexed one-day-old Ross broiler chicks were used to investigate the effect of Herebanoplex® CP premix (HBXP) a phytogenic premix on growth performance, some serum biochemical parameters, carcass characteristics and economics of production. They were randomly assigned to four experimental treatments with three replicates per treatment (30 birds/treatment; 10 birds/replicate) in a completely randomized design (CRD). Birds were fed with diets supplemented with 0 (control), 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30% of phytogenic premix following a feeding program for 42 days. HBXP supplementation did not show significant (p>0.05) improvement in the weight gain and feed intake of broiler chickens although significant (p < 0.05) improvement was shown in the feed conversion ratio and feed cost/kg gain (N/kg) of broiler chickens fed treatment diet HBXP0.30% Furthermore, HBXP0.30% significantly reduced (p<0.05) the LDL- cholesterol levels as compared to the control diet and other treatment group fed lower levels of HBXP. Also, HBXP inclusion at 0.30% had better economic returns with lower feeding cost and higher return per naira invested of ₦1.96k. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 0.30% Herbanoplex® CP enhances feed efficiency, improves lipid profile, and increases profitability, positioning it as a viable natural alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler production.
 
Evaluation of Artificial Insemination Services Provided through Africa Asia Dairy Genetic Gain Programme in Regions of Tanzania: Demographic Details and Herd Reproductive Performance
No full textThe Africa Asia Dairy Genetics Gain (AADGG) program has been supporting smallholder farmers in Tanzania\u27s key dairy regions—Kilimanjaro, Arusha, and Tanga—by providing long-term breeding services. This evaluation comprises a two-part study; the first part focuses on herd composition and breeding practices, while the second will examine farmers\u27 attitudes toward artificial insemination (AI). A total of 82 farms were enrolled, with 82% participating in the AADGG program. The majority of farmers (82%) were male, with a median age of 58.5 years and median farm size of 1 acre (ranging from 0.25 to 6 acres). Most farmers relied on natural breeding, with 80% of those using AI selecting Friesian sires. In total, one hundred and twenty-four dams and their offspring were analyzed, revealing a median dam Parity of 3.0; 13% of cows were at Parity 1, and 48% at Parity 4-8. Among the offspring, 64% were calves, and 13% were yearlings, with only 16 male offspring, 69% of which were calves. The median lactation yield was 3,900 liters over a 10-month period. The mean age at first breeding and calving were 25.1 and 34.3 months, respectively. Inter-calving intervals averaged 14.6 months for dams and 12.0 months for parous offspring. Only 34% of dams had ≤90 days open, indicating poor reproductive efficiency, particularly for dams. The study highlights an aging farmer population and suggests future research to assess farm characteristics\u27 impact on productivity and management practices affecting reproductive efficiency and herd dynamics
The Addition of Dahlia Tuber Extract and Bacillus subtilis Encapsulation in the Ration on Blood Fat Profile of Broiler Chickens
No full textAims: The study aims to examine the effect of adding encapsulated dahlia tuber extract as a prebiotic and Bacillus subtilis as a probiotic to the ration on the blood lipid profile and final body weight of broilers.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from October 2023 to December 2023, at the Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang-Indonesia.
Methodology: 200 unsexed Ross strain broilers aged 8 days with an average body weight of 194.53 ± 3.46 g were used. The treatment feed was administered at the age of 8-35 days, containing encapsulated dahlia tuber extract as a prebiotic and Bacillus subtilis as a probiotic (EDTEBs). The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications, each consisting of 10 broilers. The treatment given was T0:basal ration, T1: basal ration + 0.1% EDTEBs, T2: basal ration + 0.2% EDTEBs, T3: basal ration + 0.3% EDTEBs. The parameters measured were blood cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, and final body weight. Data were analyzed using the JASP program.
Results: The results showed that the addition of dahlia tuber extract encapsulation and Bacillus subtilis encapsulation had a significant effect on cholesterol levels (P < .001), triglycerides (P < .001), HDL (P = .002), LDL (P = .001), and final body weight (P < .001) in broilers. The addition of EDTEBs at a concentration of 0.1% yielded optimal results in reducing cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels, while also increasing HDL levels and final body weight in broilers.
Conclusion: The addition of encapsulating dahlia tuber extract and Bacillus subtilis at a level of 0.1% improved the blood lipid profile of broilers by reducing cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels, while increasing HDL levels and final body weight
Evaluation of Condensed Molasses Solubles (CMS) as a Feed Ingredient and Their Impact on the Growth and Productivity of Hybrid Ducks
No full textAims: This study aims to evaluate the use of Condensed Molasses Solubles (CMS) as a feed ingredient on the production performance of Hybrid ducks.
Study Design: This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The rearing of the ducks took place at a duck farm in Sawahan Village, Turen District, Malang Regency, East Java. Analysis of the variables was performed at the Central Research and Diagnostic Laboratory of Animal Clinic Satwa Sehat Malang.
Methodology: Sample included 160 DOD Hybrid ducks were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments: P0 (basal feed without CMS), P1 (basal feed + 2,5% CMS), P2 (basal feed + 5,0% CMS), P3 (basal feed + 7,5% CMS), P4 (basal feed + 10% CMS). The ducks were raised for 35 days and data were collected on feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, income over feed cost (IOFC), carcass weight, meat cholesterol, and meat protein.
Results: For the inclusion of CMS in the diet significantly (P < .001) affected feed consumption (P0 6863,23 ± 320,12), body weight gain (P1 1763,34 ± 61,72), FCR (P2 3,29 ± 0,27), and mortality. The highest body weight gains and best FCR were observed in the P1 treatment group (2,5% CMS). However, CMS did not significantly affect IOFC, carcass weight and meat cholesterol. Protein content in meat was significantly different (P = .05) between treatments.
Conclusion: Supplementation of Hybrid duck diets with CMS, particularly at a 2,5% inclusion level. CMS shows potential as an alternative protein source in Hybrid duck feed
Climate-Resilient Poultry Feeding in Integrated Farming Systems of Northeast India
No full textClimate change has had a significant impact on the North-eastern region of India, especially Meghalaya. This includes rising mean annual temperatures, unpredictable rainfall patterns, and deteriorating soil health, etc. In spite of these challenges, the locals have followed sustainable agricultural practices that allow for improved adaptation to climate change, reduced environmental degradation caused by agriculture, and better utilization of natural resources. One such approach is the integrated farming system (IFS) of agricultural practice that combines crops, livestock, fisheries, and agroforestry to maximize resource use and diversify farmer’s income. The principle of IFS is based on the effective recycling of resources, whereby the waste generated from one component is recycled and used as a resource for the other component. Here, we present the study on the utilisation of locally grown weed (Alligator weed) and herb (Peppermint) as feed supplement for enhanced production and improved health in grower chickens. In previously published work, for alligator weed experiment, 800 Vanaraja chicks were subjected to 4 dietary groups over summer and winter for 35 days- the control, 1%, 2% and 4% alligator weed supplemented group. And similarly, 240 roosters chicks were studied for peppermint experiment over 35 days, and were divided into 3 groups- the control group, 0.5% and 1% supplemented with Peppermint. It was found the beneficial effects of supplementation in grower chicken with alligator weed (1%) in winter season and peppermint (1%) in summer season in Umiam, Meghalaya weather condition when the ambient temperature varies with the thermal comfort zone of the poultry birds for its optimal production. It has higher body weight, greater average weight gain and a better feed conversion ratio. The weed and herb are easily grown and available resources in the traditional bun cultivation system of agriculture practice by the state’s tribal communities or the bench terracing on hilly slopes by levelling out slopes to enhance water retention and lessen soil erosion. Effective utilisation of plant resources (weed and herb) grown in the cultivation system which otherwise would have compete with other cultivated crops be use for enhancing poultry production is an implementable intervention for ameliorating food security, sustainability, and resilience in integrated system approach of agriculture. Therefore, climate adaptive management can serve to overcome the challenges in promoting sustainable practices in agriculture
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli in Fresh and Ready-to-Eat Camel Meat from Maiduguri Central Abattoir, Nigeria
No full textCamel meat has gained popularity in Nigeria because of its perceived nutritional benefits and cultural significance. However, concerns about meat safety, particularly regarding foodborne pathogens such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), have arisen. This study assessed the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli in fresh and ready-to-eat camel meat from Maiduguri Central Abattoir, with the goal of guiding public health interventions. A total of 100 camel meat samples (50 fresh and 50 ready-to-eat) were analysed via standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method against a panel of 10 antimicrobial agent. The overall prevalence of E. coli was 41 (41.0%), with a significantly greater prevalence in fresh camel meat 34 (68.0%) than in ready-to-eat camel meat 7 (14.0%). All isolates (41) were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ofloxacin, and pefloxacin. However, 32 (78%) isolates exhibited high resistance to penicillin, while 25 (61%) isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. The results also showed that 35 (85.4) of the isolates were multidrug resistant. These findings underscore the importance of implementing improved handling and processing procedures, judicious antibiotic use, and regular surveillance to mitigate E. coli contamination risks and combat antimicrobial resistance. The results of this study have significant implications for food safety and public health in Nigeria, emphasizing the importance of good hygiene practices and responsible antibiotic use in the camel meat industry
Phenotypic Characterization of Indigenous Chicken, Daohaita in Chirang District of Assam, India
No full textAims: The study was conducted to assess the morphological characteristics of indigenous Daohaita chicken in Chirang district of Assam.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in three villages viz., Subhaijhar, Shantipur, and Bengtol under Sidli block of Chirang district as these villages have sizeable population of Daohaita birds. The observations on morphological characteristics were collected from the study areas during August, 2023 to April, 2024.
Methodology: Data on 210 Daohaita chicken were utilized to study the traits like skin colour, plumage colour, comb type, comb colour, earlobe colour, shank colour, wattles type, wattles colour, eye colour and egg shell colour. The selected areas were visited to collect information on the phenotypic characteristics based on visual appraisal of the appearance of the Daohaita chicken from a total of 210 individual chickens. The data obtained from the present study were analyzed by adopting the method given by Snedecor and Cochran (1994).
Results: The study revealed that 82% of the birds had pinkish skin and 18% had creamy white skin. The highest plumage colour birds were multi-coloured (40%) followed by soild brown (27%) and white with brown or orange (14%). The comb type of Daohaita was predominantly single combed. Most common comb colour was bright red (62%), followed by reddish (38%). Reddish white (43%) earlobes were most common, followed by Red (34%) and white (23%). The most prominent shank colour was white (65%), followed by yellow (20%), brown (8%) and grey (7%). Daohaita birds have small wattles (87%) which are red in colour. The yellow colour eye (62%) was most frequently observed than pearl colour (30%) and brown colour eyes (8%). Most of the hen lay creamy white shelled egg (75%) followed by white (15%) and light brown (10%).
Conclusion: Future research should focus on the genetic basis of these qualitative traits, their impact on performance, and strategies for sustainable improvement
Coccidiosis Outbreak in an Intensive Exotic Crossbred Sheep Farm in Bangladesh
No full textAn outbreak of coccidiosis occurred in an exotic intensive crossbred sheep farm in Bangladesh during April 2024. The affected animals showed clinical signs of bloody diarrhea, dehydration, weakness, and anorexia. All the animals were mature adults, and the morbidity rate was 14.29% with no mortality. The fecal oocyst count revealed >5000 oocysts/g of feces, indicative of clinical coccidiosis. The sick animals were isolated immediately and treated with combined coccidiostats with Amprolium and Sulfaquinoxaline for five days. The healthy animals were provided with a preventive dose for seven days. Strict biosecurity was maintained, and cleaning of the shed was strengthened. No correlation was found between age, sex, and breed and the occurrence of coccidiosis. It was evident that the heat wave of April 2024 played a contributing role, whereas stocking density suddenly surged due to the lambing season of that year. Monitoring of the oocyst count in the feces was performed for two weeks post-treatment period. As the months of April-May 2025 didn’t experience heat waves like the previous year, and the animals were more evenly managed, clinical coccidiosis didn’t occur this year. This is the first report of a coccidiosis outbreak in sheep with some new dimensions of disease occurrence, which was successfully managed. These incidents warrant a record for the use of future correspondence by veterinarians, epidemiologists, and farm managers