Repositorio Digital Ikiam (Univ. Regional Amazónica)
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EFL Classroom Management
Get PDFOne of most important sources of frustration for teachers is not being able to manage their classes successfully,
especially since class management is closely related to student learning (Soria Duarte & Quezada Campoverde, 2018).
This article presents several guidelines that can help teachers to manage their classes effectively, especially when
working with high school students. Good class management usually begins with an analysis of the characteristics of the
students and the strategies that can be most effective for a given group (Ausubel, 1976; Holzschuher, 2012). Another
fundamental step is to plan how the classes will be managed, as well as the rules and procedures that will guide them
which, in many cases, may even be planned with the students themselves (Badía Martín et al., 2012). Finally, it is
important that students and teachers develop a relationship based on respect and personal interest; that will motivate
students to be more willing to accept the necessary rules, procedures and disciplinary actions established for the class
(Barreda Gómez, 2012). Class management is an issue that is influenced by many factors, including even class
preparation, classroom organization, and instructional time management. This article will present appropriate guidelines
to help both, teachers and institutions, to achieve an environment of discipline that favors student learning and
emotional development
Green bottle flies (Calliphoridae, Luciliinae) of Ecuador: geographic distribution, checklist and DNA barcodes
Get PDFGreen bottle flies (Diptera, Calliphoridae, Luciliinae) comprise a diverse and cosmopolitan
taxon, known from at least 1,500 species. They have become crucial elements in forensic
investigations, as they spend part of their life cycle in decaying remains. Here, we review the
distribution of eleven Luciliinae species in Ecuador: the monotypic Blepharicnema and ten
Lucilia species. We identified specimens using morphological characters. Additionally, we DNA
barcoded 43 specimens from three species using 658bp segments of the standard Cytochrome
Oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial gen. Molecular and morphological identifications presented high
correspondence, suggesting COI barcodes are an efficient tool for the identification of these
three green bottle flies species. Geographical records are biased towards the northern Andean
region, particularly near to large urban settlements. We remark the value to applied forensic
research of continuous sampling of necrophagous flies under a variety of habitats and crime
conditions
Entomofagia en dos comunidades Kichwa, provincia de Napo, Amazonía del Ecuador
Get PDFLa demanda de alimentos incrementará en un 70% para el 2050, lo que se vuelve
insostenible conforme a las tendencias actuales de consumo y producción. La entomofagia
constituye una alternativa sostenible, bajo el concepto de producción ex situ; para lo cual
se requieren conocimientos tradicionales, ecológicos, biológicos y demográficos de los
insectos porque son aprovechados desde hace miles de años por los pueblos indígenas,
como los principales consumidores. Estas poblaciones detentan en la Amazonía con un
vasto conocimiento tradicional ecológico (siglas en inglés TEK) reflejado en sus prácticas y
tradiciones. El objetivo de la presente investigación es conocer la riqueza de insectos
comestibles, plantas asociadas y TEK de dos comunidades Kichwa en la Amazonía
ecuatoriana. Los métodos aplicados fueron: “photo-elicitation”, enlistados-libres,
entrevistas semi-estructuradas, caminar-en-el-bosque, identificación de insectos y sus
plantas hospederas. Los datos se analizaron mediante la curva de acumulación de especies,
el índice de Salience-Smith, el “fidelity index”, la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y post-hoc de
Dunn para identificar diferencias en el TEK según ciertas variables socioeconómicas. Se
registraron 34 insectos comestibles, 32 con nombre vernáculo. Las ordenes registradas
fueron: Lepidoptera (50%), Hymenoptera (41%) y Coleoptera (9%). La especie con mayor
importancia cultural es Rhynchophorus palmarum. Un total de 19 especies de insectos
están asociados a 38 especies vegetales. Se registró dos nuevas especies de insectos
comestibles para la lista mundial, además de tres especies, dos familias y dos géneros para
la lista del Ecuador. Se describe el TEK relacionado a los insectos y sus plantas hospederas,
mostrando evidencia de su gran dinamismo. El conocimiento tradicional ecológico Kichwa
vinculado a los insectos comestibles, sus plantas hospederas y su manejo es altamente útil
a la ciencia aplicada. Por lo tanto, puede ser utilizado para generar soluciones alimentarias
en el marco de proyectos de desarrollo sostenibl
Desarrollo de Biofouling durante la potabilización de agua superficial por ultrafiltración
Get PDFEl mercado global de membranas de ultrafiltración (UF) ha crecido rápidamente durante la última década. Sin embargo, el limitado conocimiento sobre el biofouling y su efecto en el rendimiento del sistema de UF dificultan una implementación más amplia de esta tecnología. Por lo que, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento de un sistema de UF basado en el desarrollo de biofouling, utilizando agua superficial del río Tena y membranas de diferente corte de peso molecular (100, 30 y 10 kDa). Se realizó una caracterización fisicoquímica y microbiológica del agua, antes y después de la UF, para evaluar la capacidad de remoción de contaminantes del sistema. Además, se emplearon modelos matemáticos para determinar los parámetros de filtrabilidad y los mecanismos de bloqueo de poro que caracterizaron al sistema durante la filtración. Los resultados indican que después de la UF, la concentración de los contaminantes disminuyó significativamente, alcanzando porcentajes de remoción del 100%. Sin embargo, el flujo de permeado disminuyó exponencialmente con mayores tasas de pérdida de flujo en la etapa inicial de la filtración. Posteriormente, se produjo la formación de la torta que alcanzó una estructura fractal tridimensional con porosidades relativamente bajas. De acuerdo con esta predicción y las tasas de acumulación de contaminantes y biomasa, la UF de agua superficial promueve el depósito continuo de bacterias y formación de biopelículas durante el desarrollo de biofouling. Estos hallazgos revelan la importancia del biofouling en la operación de los sistemas de UF para la potabilización de agua superficial.Tutor: Herrera Robledo, Migue
Etnobotánica y etnofarmacología de Monteverdia krukovii en Amazonía: uso ancestral del “chuchuwasu”
Get PDFMonteverdia krukovii pertenece a la familia
Celastraceae [1] y es un árbol de 30 m de altura,
nativo del bosque tropical amazónico [2] y
reconocido con el nombre kichwa “chuchuwasu” [3]
Global fern and lycophyte richness explained: How regional and local factors shape plot richness
Get PDFTo disentangle the influence of environmental factors at different spatial grains (regional and local) on fern and lycophyte species richness and ask how regional and plot-level richness are related to each other. Location: Global. Time period: Present. Major Taxa studied: Ferns and lycophytes. Methods: We explored fern and lycophyte species richness at two spatial grains, regional (hexagonal grid cells of 7,666 km2) and plot level (300–500 m2), in relation to environmental data at regional and local grains (the 7,666 km2 hexagonal grid cells and 4 km2 square grid cells, respectively). For the regional grain, we obtained species richness data for 1,243 spatial units and used them together with climatic and topographical predictors to model global fern richness. For the plot-level grain, we collated a global dataset of nearly 83,000 vegetation plots with a surface area in the range 300–500 m2 in which all fern and lycophyte species had been counted. We used structural equation modelling to identify which regional and local factors have the biggest effect on plot-level fern and lycophyte species richness worldwide. We investigate how plot-level richness is related to modelled regional richness at the plot's location. Results: Plot-level fern and lycophyte species richness were best explained by models allowing a link between regional environment and plot-level richness. A link between regional richness and plot-level richness was essential, as models without it were rejected, while models without the regional environment-plot-level richness link were still valid but had a worse goodness-of-fit value. Plot-level richness showed a hump-shaped relationship with regional richness. Main conclusions: Regional environment and regional fern and lycophyte species richness each are important determinants of plot-level richness, and the inclusion of one does not substitute the inclusion of the other. Plot-level richness increases with regional richness until a saturation point is reached, after which plot-level richness decreases despite increasing regional richness, possibly reflecting species interactions
Aquatic bird communities in Andean lakes of Ecuador are increasingly dissimilar over time
Get PDFAndean lakes are important for human well-being and biodiversity conservation, yet human-induced environmental changes threaten their biodiversity and the ecosystem services they provide. Knowledge of the relationship between biodiversity and environmental factors can provide insight into how human activity impacts lakes. We report trends of community composition of aquatic bird communities at six Andean lakes in Ecuador based on 15-years of monitoring. Additionally, we explore relationships among the abundance of aquatic bird species and environmental variables, such as elevation, water depth, biochemical demand of oxygen and concentration of phosphates and nitrites. We found a sustained population growth of one species of herbivorous bird, the Andean Coot, Fulica ardesiaca, across all lakes. Local trends in community composition show directional changes in four lakes and were likely a result of abundance increases of this species. Environmental factors related to eutrophication explained the abundance of F. ardesiaca, indicating that ongoing eutrophication of Andean Ecuadorian lakes, which results in increased submerged vegetation, benefits herbivorous species like this. Management measures that prevent further eutrophication combined with on-going monitoring should be considered in order to maintain ecosystem health and functioning
Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth’s tropical forests
Get PDFThe sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are
known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics
to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (−9.1 megagrams
of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our
results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential
of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth’s climate
Uncertainties associated with trophic discrimination factor and body size complicate calculation of δ15N‐derived trophic positions in Arapaima sp.
Get PDFStable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N) have been used to estimate trophic position (TP) of organisms due to the predictable enrichment of nitrogen‐15 in consumer tissues relative to their diet. We explored estimates of trophic position using liver and muscle δ15N and stomach content analysis in a broad size range of Arapaima sp. from Amazonian floodplain lakes. Estimates of TP based on liver δ15N were more closely related to the stomach content data than estimates based on muscle δ15N, possibly because of the higher turnover of nitrogen in liver. Total length and season explained most of the variation in TP values estimated from δ15N, showing that they have more effect than prey trophic position on δ15N values. The TP estimated by identification of stomach content was 3.6 and was unrelated to the size of the arapaima. This highlights the need for a better understanding of the factors that affect values of δ15N and stomach content analysis is still needed to unravel the trophic ecology of predatory fishes
Identificación de Ptaquilósido y Pterosina A en el helecho
Get PDFLos helechos tienen una amplia distribución y gran valor alimenticio por sus nutrientes
esenciales. En Ecuador, se consumen más de 10 especies y en Napo, las comunidades
Kichwa consumen y comercializan los brotes tiernos de la especie Hypolepis
parallelogramma, de la familia Dennstaedtiaceae, conocida como garabato-yuyo. En
especies relacionadas, se ha comprobado la presencia de distintos metabolitos
especializados tóxicos como los glucósidos de iludano. El objetivo de este trabajo fue
detectar la presencia de ptaquilósido y compuestos relacionados en los brotes jóvenes de
H. parallelogramma. Se colectaron muestras de cuatro localidades: Lucián, Alto Pano, El
Calvario y Pumayacu, que fueron sometidas a diferentes formas de procesamiento: secas,
crudas, cocidas y asadas en hoja. Posteriormente, se procedió a la extracción y detección
de los compuestos mediante cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas.
No se detectó ptaquilósido en las muestras, pero el análisis de los espectros obtenidos
reveló la presencia de pterosina A. Esta molécula es producto de la degradación de
caudatósido, una molécula tóxica con reactividad química similar al ptaquilósido, que
puede causar carcinogenicidad en humanos y envenenamiento en animales. Las muestras
obtenidas de Lucián presentaron mayor intensidad de la molécula. Este es el primer estudio
en helechos comestibles en el Ecuador y señala la importancia de estudiar en detalle ésta
y otras especies comestibles con el fin de sugerir recomendaciones de manejo y consumo
de estas especie