Repositorio Digital Ikiam (Univ. Regional Amazónica)
Not a member yet
850 research outputs found
Sort by
MEMORIAS IX COLAPLAMED: LIBRO DE MEMORIAS DEL IX CONGRESO LATINOAMERICANO DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES
No full textEl Congreso Latinoamericano de Plantas Medicinales (COLAPLAMED), nace a la luz
pública en Rosario, Argentina cuando se realiza su primera versión siendo en aquella
oportunidad la única vez que se realiza junto a otro evento: XI Simposio Argentino y XIV
Simposio Latinoamericano de Farmacobotánica. Gracias a las gestiones del Dr. Marcelo
Luis Wagner de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina), este Congreso junto a los
otros dos Simposios se realizó entre el 20 y 23 de noviembre de 2013.
Pero todo no comenzó ahí ni en los días previos, como Editor Jefe y creador del Boletín
Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, siempre tuve la idea
de reunir a los investigadores principalmente latinoamericanos en torno a un evento. Así
y como precursores del actual Congreso existieron tres reuniones en torno al Boletín.
Estas tres reuniones se realizaron junto a Congresos, siendo así en 2006 se realizó en
Varadero (Cuba) junto al Congreso de FAPRONATURA reunión que junto a investiga
-
dores de más de 54 países. Luego en 2007 se realizó en La Plata (Argentina) junto al
Congreso de SILAE y en 2008 en Chillán (Chile) junto al Simposio de Farmacobotánica
de Chile. Después de 2008 este evento desaparece.
Entre 2008 y 2012, fueron 4 años en la búsqueda de alguien que se atreviese a volver a
iniciar un Congreso o Reunión, siendo el Dr. Marcelo Luis Wagner quien tomó la osadía
de incorporarlo en la reunión en la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (Argentina). Allí se
acordó que el siguiente Congreso sería en Ecuador, pero quien había quedado de orga
-
nizarlo, por diversos motivos desistió a fines de 2013, trasladándose a la Universidad de
Santiago de Chile. A partir de 2014 se ha comenzado a realizar en forma continua y cada
vez se ha ido generando un grupo de investigadores más comprometidos
Iron-doped natural clays: Low-cost inorganic adsorbents for phosphate recovering from simulated urban treated wastewater
Get PDFNatural inorganic adsorbents are attractive for pollutants removal due to the easy operation, non-toxic characteristics and low cost. In this study, two raw clays (C1 and C2) were doped with iron and evaluated for the recovery of phosphate from simulated urban treated wastewater. The adsorbents' performances were evaluated through batch adsorption assays. Iron was stably retained in doped clays (C1-Fe and C2-Fe) at basal and edge surface at adsorption and desorption stages. Clay adsorbents were effective for adsorption of phosphate at neutral pH 7 and in broad range of phosphate concentrations. The maximum phosphate adsorption capacity values were 21, 38, 21 and 38 for C1, C1-Fe, C2 and C2-Fe, respectively. The equilibrium sorption data of raw and iron-doped clays were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.97). Therefore, monolayer phosphate adsorption occurred through hydrogen bonding and complexation between protonated hydroxyl groups and phosphate anions. The raw and iron-doped clay adsorbents reached the equilibrium within 10 min and the equilibrium attainment data were well described by the intraparticular diffusion model (R2 > 0.96). The phosphate monolayer adsorption was followed by diffusion through the internal clay pores. The phosphate adsorption by clays in presence of competing ion was inhibited by the higher ionic charge of sulphate. Besides, the less hydrated chloride and bicarbonate anions promoted the reduction of the sorption capacity of phosphate. Finally, the reusability of iron-doped clays is limited. Therefore, saturated iron-doped clays as single-use adsorbents can be disposed for soil amendment applications
Assessing the Quality of Amazon Aquatic Ecosystems with Multiple Lines of Evidence: The Case of the Northeast Andean Foothills of Ecuador
Get PDFWe assessed the quality of Andes-Amazonia streams in Ecuador impacted by gold mining (GM), discharges from inefficient sewage network in urban areas (UA), wastes from fish farming (FF) and from non-functional landfill (LF) and other few threats (FT). We selected three lines of evidence (LOE) that were used separately and integrated into a index: water quality (WQI) and macroinvertebrate community (AAMBI) indices and phytotoxicity tests. Streams affected by UA and LF had the lowest scores to WQI and phytotoxicity, and by GM had the lowest scores to AAMBI. Macroinvertebrate absence in GM should be considered as a warning signal of long-term mining impacts in the area. The integrated LOE index showed that sites with identified threats had 30%–53% stream quality decline compared to FT sites. The use of the selected LOE seems to be a useful tools for long-term monitoring and evaluation of this sensitive aquatic ecosystem
A scientific note of pest-insects associated with stingless bee hive Melipona eburnea in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region
Get PDFBees are the primary pollinators in nature. However, climate change, excessive use of fertilizers and invasive species have caused the decline of bee colonies. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the presence of pests in colonies of Melipona eburnea. For this, the colonies of M. eburnea were examined during the honey extraction process. We found 4 different pests associated with the physical conditions of colonies and the fragile defense of the bees against the invaders. In conclusion, this report of the presence of pests is to alert researchers and meliponicultures to prevent the decline of stingless bees
A multi-method dating approach to reassess the geochronology of faulted Quaternary deposits in the central sector of the Iberian Chain (NE Spain)
Get PDFSeismic hazard assessment and geochronology are closely linked disciplines. The quantity and quality of the geochronological data used for fault-source characterization is crucial in seismic hazard estimates, which may have significant socio-economic implications. The characterization of Quaternary faults in the central sector of the Iberian Chain (NE Spain) has traditionally been based on ages provided by a now closed commercial luminescence laboratory. In this work, we compare new geochronological data obtained by a multi-method dating approach from pediment and terraces (Electron Spin Resonance: ESR, Optically Stimulated Luminescence: OSL; U-series: U/Th) and short-transport colluvial facies (radiocarbon), with ages provided by the commercial luminescence lab from the same units. The thirteen new numerical ages from terraces and pediments associated with Quaternary faults are systematically 6–3 times older than the previous ones, strongly suggesting that they lead to significant overestimates of fault activity and seismic hazard in the region. These new ESR, OSL and U/Th ages and the lack of information about the methodology applied by the closed luminescence laboratory seriously question the reliability of the previous ages. It also highlights the need of revisiting the Quaternary and geomorphological studies carried out in Spain using non-reliable ages
Effect of the co‐digestion of agricultural lignocellulosic residues with manure from South American camelids
Get PDFThis study aims to evaluate the effects of the co‐digestion of agricultural residues with manure from camelids from the Andean zone. Different combinations of llama manure (LM) and vicuñas (VM) were made with amaranth (AS), quinoa (QS), and wheat (WS) residues. They were fermented using sewage sludge as inoculum. The co‐digestion was evaluated under mesophilic conditions for 40 days. The ratios of volatile substances of substrate / co‐substrate evaluated were 0:100; 25:75; 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0. Two substrate / inoculum ratios (SIR 1:1 and SIR1:2) were also evaluated. The results indicate that the maximum methane accumulation rate is obtained in SIR 1:1 for a VM‐AS ratio (25:75) with 540 mL/g volatile solid (VS). In general, the results did not increase with the increase in inoculum; rather, the tendency to improve methane yield is associated with an increase in the amount of agricultural residues, mainly AS. Regarding the kinetic modeling, the transfer model is the one that best adjusted the predicted values to those observed with an r2 between 0.991 and 0.999, and an RMSE value between 2.06 and 13.62 mL/g (volatile solid) VS. Finally, all the trials presented synergistic effects in their co‐digestion except the digesters formed by LM‐AS, LM‐QS and LM‐WS of SIR 1:2. These presented antagonistic effects in which the addition of the co‐substrate generated competition with the substrates, reducing methane production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Lt
Knowledge gaps in Latin America and the Caribbean and economic development
Get PDFAn economy based on primary products is present in most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. These remain focused on the export of unprocessed materials and goods, with little added value from knowledge and technology, which creates a development gap with technologically advanced countries and regions. By using a set of 5 quantitative indicators, we provided a novel assessment of growth gaps in the production of knowledge across world regions. Our study interpreted growth curves in terms of their essential constituent components (i. e. size, tempo, and intensity). Latin America and the Caribbean remains a region with average or below-average performance for most indicators of knowledge and most components of growth. The region shows a relatively large intensity for growth in patent applications, high-tech exports, and scientific publications, and this may have to do with recent investment in R&D by some Latin American countries. Although education gaps are slightly closing, research and technological gaps, measured by patent applications and scientific publications, are widening and driving up the resulting gaps in economic growth. Our study adds to other assessments of growth gaps in establishing the existence of an increasing divide between Latin America and the Caribbean and the developed world regions. We also propose strategy recommendations in the context of the current observed gaps in the production of knowledge. Bridging knowledge gaps represents a historical imperative and an unavoidable condition for the economic and social progress of the Latin American region. Therefore, active domestic public policies are urgently needed, along with international agreements that contribute to democratizing access to knowledge and technology
Filling biogeographical gaps through wildlife roadkills: New distribution records for six snake species from Ecuador ( Anilius scytale, Drymarchon corais, Erythrolamprus breviceps, Micrurus lemniscatus, Oxyrhopus vanidicus , Trilepida anthracina )
Get PDFMonitoring wildlife roadkills is a valuable method to identify critical areas where animals are more susceptible to collision with vehicles, likewise, this type of work can let us know which species are more vulnerable to this human impact. Besides these relevant utilities used for mitigation purposes, this eort can provide very important information about the biology, ecology and biogeography of species. In this paper, we report new geographic records found while working on a road ecology study. These data increase the distribution of six snakes’ species (Anilius scytale, Drymarchon corais, Erythrolamprus breviceps, Micrurus lemniscatus, Oxyrhopus vanidicus and Trilepida anthracina), from which, four show scarce and almost inexistent historical records (Anilius scytale, Drymarchon corais, Erythrolamprus breviceps, and Trilepida anthracina). We encourage researchers, especially road ecologists, to notice and report these observations, which can be highly valuable for expanding the knowledge of species distributions, a key factor forconducting integral studies of faun
Correction to: The role of environmental filtering, geographic distance and dispersal barriers in shaping the turnover of plant and animal species in Amazonia
No full textTo determine the effect of rivers, environmental conditions, and isolation by distance on
the distribution of species in Amazonia. Location: Brazilian Amazonia. Time period:
Current. Major taxa studied: Birds, fishes, bats, ants, termites, butterflies, ferns ? lycophytes,
gingers and palms. We compiled a unique dataset of biotic and abiotic information
from 822 plots spread over the Brazilian Amazon. We evaluated the effects of environment,
geographic distance and dispersal barriers (rivers) on assemblage composition of
animal and plant taxa using multivariate techniques and distance- and raw-data-based
regression approaches. Environmental variables (soil/water), geographic distance, and
rivers were associated with the distribution of most taxa. The wide and relatively old
Amazon River tended to determine differences in community composition for most biological
groups. Despite this association, environment and geographic distance were generally
more important than rivers in explaining the changes in species composition. The
results from multi-taxa comparisons suggest that variation in community composition in
Amazonia reflects both dispersal limitation (isolation by distance or by large rivers) and the
adaptation of species to local environmental conditions. Larger and older river barriers
influenced the distribution of species. However, in general this effect is weaker than the
effects of environmental gradients or geographical distance at broad scales in Amazonia,
but the relative importance of each of these processes varies among biological groups
Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in frontier areas: A case study in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon
Get PDFThe excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture is one of the main sources of pollution globally. While a significant body of research has focused on analyzing the socioeconomic drivers of deforestation in the Amazon basin, far less attention has been paid to explaining why Amazonian people use chemicals in agricultural production. Using data from a household survey, this paper aims at analyzing the drivers of expenditure on chemical fertilizers and pesticides among Kichwa and mestizo colonist populations in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon. The results show that most households in the research area use chemicals, which seems to be related to most households engaged in the production of naranjilla, a citrus fruit that requires high amounts of pesticides to prosper in the Amazon. Expenditure on chemicals is principally driven by wealth, access to credit and land use patterns, with households with more land in crops spending more on fertilizers and pesticides. An important finding is that households receiving money from government social programs spend more on both chemical fertilizers and pesticides than non-recipient households. Ethnicity does not play any role in shaping expenditures on both chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Our results reflect that clear, consistent and coordinated policies are necessary to reconcile conservation and rural development in the Amazon, since, at present, ambiguous and even contradictory policies are not effective in achieving that goal