Repositorio Digital Ikiam (Univ. Regional Amazónica)
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Percepciones sobre la efectividad pedagógica del Taller sobre el uso de Taptana Cañari para la enseñanza de las matemáticas: un análisis comparativo en diferentes contextos educativos.
Full text linkObjetivo:El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las percepciones de la efectividad pedagógica del taller sobre el uso de la Taptana cañaripara la enseñanza de las matemáticas en diversos contextos educativos.Marco Teórico:EnEcuador, los docentes de matemáticas han empleado enfoques tradicionales en su enseñanza en los últimos años. La incorporación de la Taptana cañari como una estrategia lúdica en el proceso educativo puede promover un enfoque interactivo en el aprendizaje de esta asignatura. Método:El estudio se basó en una metodología de investigación no experimental ex post facto, de enfoque cuantitativo, con un alcance exploratorio y descriptivo-correlacional. Se recopilaron datos mediante cuestionarios estructurados para evaluar la percepción 135 docentes de diferentes contextos educativos, sobre la efectividad del taller sobre el uso de la Taptana cañari en la enseñanza de matemáticas. Se emplearon análisis estadísticos para examinar las diferencias entre grupos y explorar relaciones entre variables, utilizando un nivel de significancia de p < 0.05.Resultados y Discusión:El estudio evaluó la percepción de un taller de enseñanza de matemáticas utilizando la Taptana Cañari. Se encontró una percepción generalmente positiva en la efectividad pedagógica, pero áreas de mejora en pertinencia y adaptabilidad. Se observaron diferencias en la percepción entre participantes urbanos y rurales, y entre docentes de matemáticas y otras áreas. Estos resultados destacan la necesidad de adaptar los talleres educativos a las necesidades específicas de los participantes y explorar cómo estas diferencias pueden afectar el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes.Implicaciones de la investigación:Los hallazgos de esta investigación tienen importantes implicaciones para la práctica educativa. La percepción generalmente positiva en la efectividad pedagógica del taller señala su potencial para mejorar la enseñanza de las matemáticas. Sin embargo, lasáreas de mejora identificadas en pertinencia y adaptabilidad resaltan la necesidad de ajustar el diseño del taller para satisfacer mejor las necesidades específicas de los participantes. Además, las diferencias en la percepción entre participantes urbanosy rurales, así como entre docentes de matemáticas y otras áreas, subrayan la importancia de considerar las características contextuales y profesionales al implementar intervenciones educativas. Estas consideraciones son fundamentales para maximizar el impacto de los talleres y promover un aprendizaje efectivo en diversos entornos educativos.Originalidad/Valor:Esta investigación aporta originalidad al explorar la percepción de los participantes sobre eltaller de enseñanza de matemáticasIntakautilizando la Taptana Cañari, un enfoque poco común en el ámbito educativo. Su valor radica en identificar áreas específicas de mejora en la adaptabilidad del taller, así como en destacar las diferencias en la percepción entre participantes urbanos y rurales, y entre docentes de distintas áreas. Estos hallazgos ofrecen insights únicos para diseñar intervenciones educativas más efectivas y contextualizadas, con el potencial de mejorar significativamente la calidad del aprendizaje en diversas comunidades educativas
Sulfured FeMo carbides and nitrides catalysts upgrade extra heavy crude oil quality
Full text linkIn the context of the energy transition scenario, effective sulfur management is crucial. Enhancing the quality of extra heavy crude oil (EHCO) through catalytic processes, specifically hydrotreatment, is essential for reducing pollutant emissions like SOx into the atmosphere. Traditional hydrotreatment, utilizing MoS2-based catalysts typically on Al2O3 support, faces challenges with EHCO due to its elevated S and N content, which hampers catalyst efficiency. Metal carbides and nitrides exhibit promising electronic structures that confer resistance to deactivation in the presence of heteroatoms. This study compares the catalytic performances of Fe-promoted Mo sulfides, carbides, and nitrides (FeMoS(C,N)) in the thiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reaction, serving as a model molecule for sulfur removal. Subsequently, we investigate the upgrading of a Venezuelan EHCO in terms of pollutant reduction, API gravity, and feedstock aromaticity. Catalysts were prepared from oxide precursors, varying the (Fe/(Fe+Mo)) atomic ratios (x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.33, 0.50, and 1.00), employing a temperature-programmed reaction protocol. Catalytic upgrading of EHCO was conducted in a stirred batch reactor, and the results were compared with a commercial CoMo-based catalyst. FeMoC(N) outperformed the commercial catalyst in sulfur removal. The elemental composition and nitrogen content of the feed remained constant; however, the sulfur content of asphaltenes decreased. Furthermore, the API gravity of crude oil increased when employing FeMoS and FeMoN catalysts, except with FeMoC, possibly linked to dealkylation reactions and the enrichment of lighter fractions with alkanes. FeMoN increased asphaltene aromaticity, while FeMoC decreased it. These results highlight the promise of FeMoC(N) as catalysts for HDS and upgrading heavy feedstocks
Systematic revision of the Eyelash Palm-Pitviper Bothriechis schlegelii (Serpentes, Viperidae), with the description of five new species and revalidation of three
Full text linkWe present a taxonomic review and systematic revision of the Eyelash Palm-Pitviper Bothriechis schlegelii (Berthold, 1846) based on examination of 400 museum specimens, a phylogeographic analysis of 818 locality records, and 80 individuals sampled for molecular characters. We find morphological and phylogenetic support for five new species of Bothriechis Peters, 1859, which we describe here based on their unique combination of molecular, meristic, hemipenial, and color pattern characteristics. They are: B. klebbai sp. nov., B. rasikusumorum sp. nov., B. khwargi sp. nov., B. rahimi sp. nov., and B. hussaini sp. nov. Finally, we
revalidate the names B. nigroadspersus (Steindachner, 1870), B. nitidus (Günther, 1859), and B. torvus (Posada Arango, 1889a), and provide a redescription of B. schlegelii
Effects of the insecticide imidacloprid on aquatic invertebrate communities of the Ecuadorian Amazon
Full text linkImidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that has received particular attention due to its widespread use and potential adverse effects for aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Its toxicity to aquatic organisms has been evaluated in central and southern Europe as well as in (sub-)tropical regions of Africa and Asia, showing high toxic potential for some aquatic insects and zooplankton taxa. However, its toxicity to aquatic organisms representative of tropical regions of Latin America has never been evaluated. To fill this knowledge gap, we carried out a mesocosm experiment to assess the short- and long-term effects of imidacloprid on freshwater invertebrate communities representative of the Ecuadorian Amazon. A mesocosm experiment was conducted with five weekly applications of imidacloprid at four nominal concentrations (0.01 μg/L, 0.1 μg/L, 1 μg/L and 10 μg/L). Toxic effects were evaluated on zooplankton and macroinvertebrate populations and communities, as well as on water quality parameters for 70 days. Given the climatic conditions prevailing in the study area, characterized by a high solar radiation and abundant rainfall that resulted in mesocosm overflow, there was a rapid dissipation of the test compound from the water column (half-life: 4 days). The macroinvertebrate taxa Callibaetis pictus (Ephemeroptera), Chironomus sp. (Diptera), and the zooplankton taxon Macrocyclops sp., showed population declines caused by the imidacloprid treatment, with a 21-d Time Weighted Average No Observed Effect Concentrations (21-d TWA NOEC) of 0.46 μg/L, except for C. pictus which presented a 21-d TWA NOEC of 0.05 μg/L. In general terms, the sensitivity of these taxa to imidacloprid was greater than that reported for surrogate taxa in temperate zones and similar to that reported in other (sub-)tropical regions. These results confirm the high sensitivity of tropical aquatic invertebrates to this compound and suggest the need to establish regulations for the control of imidacloprid contamination in Amazonian freshwater ecosystems
Data on terrestrial ferns species richness, abundance, and functional traits in Mashpi Rainforest Biodiversity Reserve in the Ecuadorian Chocó
Full text linkThis data paper summarizes the data of a first survey of ter restrial ferns at Mashpi Biodiversity Reserve, an Ecuadorian
Chocó forest relict, one of the most biodiverse areas in the
world. We established 10 permanent plots of 400 m2 dis tributed in two elevational levels (800 and 1000 m a.s.l.) to
register all species per plot and the abundance per species.
In addition, we measured two morphological leaf functional
traits of the species. We include a file with three tables, the
first one includes a species list with scientific names and
vouchers. The second one includes the abundance of each
species per plot. The third one contains measurements of the
leaf length and leaf thickness of several leaf samples of 28
species, representing the leaf functional traits of the species.
This article also includes a table with coordinates and eleva tions of the plots and five figures with information about the
number of genus and species per family, geographic location
of plots and, the methodology for data collection. These data
can be useful for plant ecologists to assess future changes o
Trends in Nanoparticles for Leishmania Treatment: A Bibliometric and Network Analysis
Full text linkLeishmaniasis is a neglected tropical illness with a wide variety of clinical signs ranging
from visceral to cutaneous symptoms, resulting in millions of new cases and thousands of fatalities
reported annually. This article provides a bibliometric analysis of the main authors’ contributions,
institutions, and nations in terms of productivity, citations, and bibliographic linkages to the application
of nanoparticles (NPs) for the treatment of leishmania. The study is based on a sample of
524 Scopus documents from 1991 to 2022. Utilising the Bibliometrix R-Tool version 4.0 and VOSviewer
software, version 1.6.17 the analysis was developed. We identified crucial subjects associated with
the application of NPs in the field of antileishmanial development (NPs and drug formulation for
leishmaniasis treatment, animal models, and experiments). We selected research topics that were
out of date and oversaturated. Simultaneously, we proposed developing subjects based on multiple
analyses of the corpus of published scientific literature (title, abstract, and keywords). Finally, the
technique used contributed to the development of a broader and more specific “big picture” of
nanomedicine research in antileishmanial studies for future projects
The Role of Oxygenated Functional Groups on Cadmium Removal using Pyrochar and Hydrochar Derived from Guadua angustifolia Residues
Full text linkIn the Ecuadorian Amazonia, there is a concern about the presence of high concentrations
of cadmium (Cd) in rivers and sediments because of changes in land use and anthropogenic activities,
e.g., mining and oil exploitation. Hence, the research related to water treatment processes to meet
environmental standards has gained relevance. The use of biochar (BC) as adsorbent is considered
a promising and low-cost alternative to improve the water quality in developing countries. In this
work, lignocellulosic wastes from Guadua angustifolia were transformed through thermochemical
treatments, into a promising carbonaceous material, such as BC. BC samples were prepared by
pyrolysis (termed pyrochar, PC) and hydrothermal carbonization (termed hydrochar, HC). Their
physicochemical properties were correlated with the Cd adsorption removal performance, analyzing
the effect of adsorbent dosage, initial solution pH, adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms.
HC showed the highest Cd adsorption performance, due to the presence of a higher number of
oxygenated functional groups, as confirmed by FTIR, XPS and Raman spectroscopy. This research has
proposed a sustainable alternative for the recovery of an available waste, contributing to mitigate the
effects of the presence of metals on the health and economy of the most vulnerable sectors of societ
A retrospective study of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of snakebite in Napo Province, Ecuadorian Amazon
Full text linkackground: Snakebite envenoming remains a relevant public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. In Ecuador, this is particularly true in an area of great diversity like the Amazon region. Nevertheless, there is scarce information about epidemiological and clinical characteristics of these accidents in this area.
Methods: This was a descriptive and retrospective study of snakebite cases treated at a tertiary hospital in the Napo Province, Ecuadorian Amazon, from 2015 to 2019. We collected sociodemographic and snakebite-related information, clinical aspects and the use of antivenom and antibiotics from medical records.
Results: Information from 133 snakebite accidents was reviewed in this time period. Reports of snakebite envenoming decreased over the years. In total, 67% of those bitten were from nearby indigenous communities, which were the most affected groups. When a species was identified, Bothrops atrox was responsible for the highest number of cases registered. Local clinical manifestations were more frequent than systemic signs, in keeping with the typical effects produced by bothropic venoms. Additionally, data showed that more antivenom vials were given than those suggested by the protocol of the Ecuadorian Ministry of Health, in proportion to the grade of severity. Finally, we identified a low incidence of adverse reactions with antivenom administration, as well as a frequent use of antibiotics.
Conclusions: The profile of snakebite accidents in the Napo Province is very similar to that described for other localities in the Amazon region of Ecuador and neighboring countries, with its challenges and limitations. Such aspects underlie the importance of establishing a robust and science-based public health program to respond to this frequent, but neglected, tropical disease
Decisiones de diseño y construcción que influyen en la durabilidad del bambú en edificaciones
Full text linkEl bambú es un material de construcción orgánico cuya durabilidad depende de las interacciones con el ambiente y del empleo de la técnica constructiva adecuada. Esta investigación exploratoria y predominantemente cualitativa buscó identificar las decisiones de diseño que afectan la durabilidad de los elementos de bambú, por medio del análisis de manifestaciones patológicas y los procesos de degradación en edificaciones de la región Sur de Brasil. El levantamiento de información se realizó por medio de entrevistas e inspección visual. Se analizaron las características de las edificaciones, el proceso de preparación del bambú, su aplicación y mantenimiento, los mecanismos de surgimiento de las manifestaciones patológicas, sus causas y origen probables. Se identificó que la mayoría de las anomalías fue ocasionada por la deficiencia de especificaciones de diseño, agravada por la falta de mano de obra especializada. Al finalizar, se apuntan sugerencias para la toma de decisiones de diseño y ejecución de edificaciones de bambú, con énfasis en la durabilidad
Bipartite Network modelling and analysis to understand the dynamics of dengue incidence in Ecuador during the 2014-2021 period
Full text linkDengue is a significant public health concern in tropical countries, particularly Latin America, where its incidence is high. The disease is endemic on the Coast, in Amazonia, and in the Andean foothills of Ecuador. Dengue prevalence is closely related to various factors, including climatic patterns, socioeconomic conditions, vector control measures, and human mobility. Although statistical methods have been employed to analyze
incidence patterns in Ecuador, they do not consider the connectivity between cities. To fill this gap, we developed a bipartite network to understand the co-occurrence of dengue instances among Ecuadorian cities and pinpoint illness hotspots. The projectionweighted Newman technique generated a network where nodes were cities with reported dengue cases. The centrality metrics of networks were applied to identify focal nodes in the spread of dengue. These key nodes were Guayaquil, Machala, Santo Domingo, Quevedo, Manta, Orellana, and Lago Agrio, which play a crucial role as connectors and propagators of the disease. The results of this study can be used to focus on medical interventions such as cleanliness and immunization and how the dengue virus can be avoided or controlled in contiguous areas. The network analysis for this study was
performed using R and Gephi, but it could be fully automated in R. This study highlights the importance of using a network approach to understand the spread of dengue, particularly in regions with high mobility and incidence. The findings of this study could aid public health officials and policymakers in developing effective strategies for controlling dengue fever in Ecuador and other similar regions