University Knowledge Digital Repository UPLB (University of the Philippines Los Baños)
University Knowledge Digital Repository UPLB (University of the Philippines Los Baños)Not a member yet
25810 research outputs found
Sort by
Promoting BIOTECH-UPLB [National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-University of the Philippines Los Baños] and Biotechnologies using various media
No full textProduction of polyvalent vaccine against Staphyloccocus sp., Streptoccoccus sp., Corynebacterium sp., and Pasteurella multocida
No full textFour common bacteria of cattle and buffaloes that contaminate wounds, form abscesses, and may cause septicemia namely, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., and Corynebacterium sp. were studied for the cultural, growth kinetics and mouse pathogenicity characteristics. P. multocida is gram negative while the other three are gram positive. Optimum growth of Pasteurella multocida is 8-10 hours while that of Corynebacterium sp. is 6-7 hours. The L.D. 52 of the following are: P. multocida 10 sup -4.37, Staph 10 sup -1.50, Strep. 10 sup -2.43
Effects of heat stress on antibody levels against newcastle disease in broiler and native chickens
No full textThere is a dearth of information on the health implications of heat stress on local poultry production. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of heat stress exposure on the major adaptive stress responses of chickens, specifically: 1)antibody levels; 2)corticosterone levels; 3)plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides; 4)heterophil; lymphocyte ratio; 5)absolute and relative weights of the liver and lymphoid organs; and 6)histophatology of the liver and lymphoid organs. Broiler and native chickens were divided into three treatment groups. The group control (T1) was subjected to ambient environmental temperature (AET) from day (d) 29 to 35 (AET=29.8 deg C) and 43 to 49 (AET=31.7 deg C). Treatments 2(T2) and 3 (T3) were exposed to temperatures higher than the AET by 7 hours daily. T2 was exposed to AET + 0.94 deg C from d29 to 35, and AET + 0.73 deg C from d 43 to 49. T3 was exposed to AET + 3.30 deg C from d 29 to 35, and AET + 2.85 deg C from d 43 to 49. Data comparisons were made among treatment groups of combined native and broiler chickens (NBC), and among treatment groups in each breed. Results suggest adverse health implications of exposure to subacute and intermittent episodes of high temperature in chickens. This was shown by the significantly higher corticosterone levels in T3 of NBC and increased plasma glucose levels in T3 of corticosterone concentration (T3), lower absolute weights of the liver (T2 and T3), and histopathological changes in lymphoid organs that were indicative of exposure to stress (T2 and T3). The magnitude of response to heat stress was apparently breed-dependent with native chickens demonstrating a better adaptive capacity to withstand heat stress than broiler chickens
Formulation of guidelines for integration of CCA-DRRM [Climate Change Adaptation-Disaster Risk Reduction and Management] in local development planning and mainstreaming climate change research in policy formulation in selected LGUs
No full textThe Philippines has been and continuous to be severely affected by climate-related disasters. Many of these are taken to clearly manifest the negative impacts of changing climatic conditions that pose significant threats to numerous sectors of our society, with the harvest tolls on our socio-economic and environmental sectors. Such disastrous events highlight the need for stronger, site appropriate adaptation measures to help communities cope with continuously aggravated climate-induced hazards. With this in mind, the project\u27s main goal is to determine how to better assist Local Government Units in formulating science-based, Climate Change Adaptation-Disaster Risk Reduction-sensitive development plans. In order to accomplish the project objectives, seminars and workshops were conducted in the municipalities of Bay, Nagcarlan and Los Baños, towns in the Laguna Province to assess the communities\u27 capacities to draft climate and disaster-resilient development plans. Lectures on geophysical, climatologic and other hazards were also delivered and discussions on the importance of developing science-based plans were also conducted. Out of these workshops, it was realized that there is a high level of awareness on CCA-DRR issues among surveyed LGUs and communities. However, there is lack of sytematic and scientific protocol on the collection and processing of historical data for use in the process of CCA-DRRM integration in local development plans. There is also already a wealth of manuals, guidebooks and other literature developed to assist local government in integrating CCA-DRR into local development plans. Most materials, however, are not readily available to the local planners, hence,the need to educate them on how where to acquire these resources from. Those who manage to obtain copies of these materials also typically consider the literature to be highly technical and too difficult or complicated to understand. In instances were sufficient technical expertise is available to guide the LGU, financing issues prove to be the next difficult hurdle. Hence, the project aimed to address the need to simplify the guidelines in order to make it easier for the local development planners to work with the already prepared guidebooks. Through the analyses of integration pathways, guidelines that can easily understood and replicated by most local government planners were developed. Tangible outputs from the project include a simplified guideline on mainstreaming CCA-DRMM in Comprehensive Land Use Plan of LGUs that can easily be understood and replicated. A prototype digital program, SiDPlan (Simplified Development Planning Guide) was also designed to provide a basic flowchart-type application that will guide non-technical groups on stock-taking activities for strategizing CCA-DRRM. Other materials include a comparative analysis, initiatives and difficulties experienced by LGUs in mainstreaming CCA-DRRM into local development planning
Permanent Biodiversity Monitoring Areas (PBMA) for their conservation and sustainable management and critical mountains to support food security and climate change
No full textClimate change brings multiple challenges in biodiversity and agricultural resources that would have adverse effects on national food security-a challenge that through the years has remained insolvable. This study aims to contribute in addressing food security agenda in the Philippines through sustainable management and conservation of biodiversity resources from critical mountain ecosystems as affected by climate change. A standard two-hectare permanent biodiversity monitoring area (PBMA) was established inside Makiling Forest Reserve. Results of the intensive study revealed that the PBMA holds tremendous floral, faunal and fungal diversity. It also showed very high species endemism and harbors variety of potential food source. A total of 8,806 tree individuals with DBH greater than or equal to 1 cm were recorded. It harbors 155 tree species belonging to 103 genera and 55 families. The most abundant species in Magabuyo (Celtis luzonica) with 2,287 (26%) individuals. For fauna, a total of 34 species of wildlife consisting of 21 species of birds in 18 families, six species of reptiles representing 4 families, two species of mammals (one rodent and one shrew), and four species of forest frog in 2 families. Among these, only one species, the Malay Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvator), is considered as threatened under CITES List monitoring plots (10 x 10m). A total of 37 genera of fungi with 51 species identified. The species Coprinus plicatilis/Parasola plicatilis has the highest number of individuals per species (872) and the highest density among the species (32/2700 m sup 2). Twenty five of 155 tree species and one canopy plant (ant plant) were found potential food sources. Most abundant food sources include Magabuyo (Celtis luzonica); Malasaging (Aglaia edulis); Katmon (Dillenia philippinensis); Kapulasan (Nephelium rambutan-ake); Kape (Coffea arabica); and Ant Plant (Myrmecodia tuberosa). For the analysis of the properties of possible food sources, Balukanag (Chisocheton cumingianus subsp. cuminggianus) with an average diameter of 60.94 mm with a green weight of 457.62g has the biggest diameter and also the heaviest. The plot also provided the baseline on phenology, pollinators and dispersal agents of its diverse floral component. The research also did a pioneering work on canopy plant survey showing new records of canopy plants
A descriptive analysis of senior high school students\u27 levels of knowledge, awareness, and perceptions on sex education and its link to their sex assigned at birth in Calamba City, Laguna
No full textThe Philippines is regarded with an alarmingly high rate of teenage pregnancy. Factors for the high number of teenage pregnancies include reduced access to information and contraceptives and the lack of a Comprehensive Sexual Education (CSE) in the country. Research findings also depict an association between educational attainment and adolescents who have already begun childbearing. Hence, these findings were used as bases to assess the levels of knowledge, awareness, and perceptions (KAP) of senior high school students in Calamba, Laguna, a city in the Philippines possessing high teenage pregnancy rates. This study also identified whether students’ sex assigned at birth are associated with their KAP levels on sex education. In total, 305 senior high school students were surveyed face-to-face in an institution in Calamba City. A standardized questionnaire consisting of three parts: Knowledge, which assesses students’ levels of knowledge on Reproduction, Contraception, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Awareness, which measures their degree of acceptability, and Perceptions, which analyzes students’ views and openness regarding the subject matter, were distributed. As a quantitative research, statistical descriptive analysis was employed to summarize individual variables into percentages and frequencies. In general, the study depicted that there is no significant correlation between the students’ sex assigned at birth with their KAP levels. The study revealed that the senior high school students studying in the chosen institution generally have an intermediate to high KAP levels, despite Calamba being one of the cities in Laguna with the most number of registered live births to adolescent mothers. Hence, it is recommended that other factors that affect high teenage birth rates such as economic status should be explored in further studies. This study also suggests a conduct of a qualitative study for a deeper approach and extensive investigation on students\u27 views, openness, and acceptability on sex education
Financial benefit of improving food availability and accessibility of a middle-income household in Barangay Puypuy, Bay, Laguna through home gardening
No full textThis study aimed to see the financial benefits a middle-income household can acquire from improving food security through urban gardening. The study focused on a middle-income household in barangay Puypuy, Bay, Laguna that has the resources and capability to start and maintain a house garden. A modified questionnaire based on UNECE was used to assess the food security level and the crop preference of the family. A decision matrix was used to determine the three crops that were used for the cropping calendar and the proposed layout. The created layout was then assessed via cost-benefit analysis to determine its financial viability. The investment cost and MOOE of the garden was assumed by the researchers which totaled to PhP 8 333.26. The estimated yield of each crop in the garden was then calculated by using 80% of the theoretical yield. The estimated yield was then divided into two groups; one group to be consumed by the household the other to be sold. With a food security index of 13.52% and a cereal percentage of 7.57% the household was deemed food secure under the guidelines provided by IFPRI. Therefore, the benefit that will come from the proposed garden can be translated either into sales or savings. These two groups provided the savings and income of the household which summed up to a total income of PhP 8716.69. The total profit of the household was then calculated to be PhP 383.00 for the first year and PhP 1557 for the preceding years without the cost of investment. In conclusion the garden provides financial benefit to the household, but is sensitive to multiple variables. The study has a lot of testing to do before arriving at an absolute conclusion as to whether urban gardening truly has financial benefit, but in this particular study it is safe to say it does
Comparative study of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus Linn.) varieties grown under coconut and in the open field
No full textn/
Reproduction, early development, and larval rearing of the climbing perch Anabas testudineus (Teleostei: Anabantidae) in captivity
No full textInduced spawning, early development, and larval rearing of the climbing perch Anabas testudineus were examined under captive conditions. Five female climbing perch [125.33 ± 3.27 mm SL; 70.67 ± 5.59 g BW] were paired with apparently mature males (108.50 ± 3.97 mm SL; 39.27 ± 4.70 g BW) and induced to spawn with 5,000 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) + 0.5 mL Ovaprim kg BW-1. All hCG + Ovaprim-injected fish spawned 9 – 11 h after hormone administration but saline-injected fish (control group) failed to spawn. Mean egg production per female, fertilization and hatching rates, and larval production per female were 7,667 ± 1,313, 98.11 ± 1.63, 61.01 ± 19.92, and 4,435 ± 1,041%, respectively. Fertilized eggs (1.52 – 1.96 mm in dia) were almost spherical, non-adhesive, transparent, and buoyant due to a large, single oil globule (515 ± 33 μm in dia). First cleavage appeared 30 min post-fertilization (MPF) and egg development lasted for 20 – 24 h post-fertilization (HPF) (29°C). Newly hatched climbing perch larvae [1.73 ± 0.08 mm in total length (TL)] with yolk volume (YV) and oil globule volume (OGV) of 0.545 ± 0.104 and 0.072 ± 0.013 mm3, respectively, had no pigmented eyes or functional mouth parts and digestive tract, and immobile with the yolk sac pointed upward. Eyes became pigmented and both mouth and anus opened in 1 d old larvae (2.09 ± 0.04 mm TL) in preparation for exogenous feeding. Except for body depth (BD) and pre-anal length (PAL), a general increase in TL (1.73 – 3.72 mm), eye diameter (ED) (0.164 – 0.378 mm), head length (HL) (0.205 – 0.923 mm), and mouth gape (MG) size (0.308 – 0.552 mm) was observed, coinciding with yolk resorption in 7 d post-hatched larvae. Climbing perch larvae were reared at 4 stocking densities (25, 50, 75, 100 larvae L-1) and fed solely on live food (Brachionus rotundiformis from 2 – 12 d and Artemia nauplii from 13 – 40 d) or co-fed live food and microparticulate diet (MPD) (Artemia nauplii from 2 – 15 d and Artemia + MPD from 16 – 40 d). Mean survival rates at lower densities (25 – 50 larvae L-1) were significantly higher than those reared at 75 and 100 larvae L-1 (P \u3c 0.05). Furthermore, climbing perch larvae co-fed Artemia nauplii and MPD showed better survival (28.67 – 81.00%) than those fed solely on live food (24.88 – 64.00%). However, at the end of the 40 d trial period, growth parameters did not vary significantly among densities (P \u3e 0.05), except for the condition factor in larvae co-fed Artemia nauplii and MPD. Taken together, results demonstrate the effectiveness of hCG + Ovaprim for captive breeding and observations on the early development of climbing perch, and the feasibility of rearing the larvae at 25 – 50 L-1 on a combination of Artemia nauplii and MPD under laboratory conditions
Compositional properties of flours and starches from the Philippine National Seed and Industry Council - registered root crops
No full textBased in the Visayas State University, Philippines, the germplasm collection of the Philippine Root Crops Research and Training Center (PhilRootcrops) is home to several varieties that have not been fully characterized for their potential use in the production of functional foods. This study evaluated the compositional properties, amylose/amylopectin ratio, and glycemic index of flour and starches of 10 varieties of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam)), and taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott); 8 varieties of yam (Dioscorea alata L.); and 5 varieties of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.), which was the recommended varieties of the National Seed and Industry Council (NSIC). The total starch as well as the amylose/amylopectin ratio of the starch component was determined using Megazyme assay kits, and the glycemic indices were predicted through enzymatic in vitro starch hydrolysis. Results revealed significant (p \u3c 0.05) varietal variations on flour and starch yield, dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, amylose/amylopectin ratio, and glycemic index. Among these crops, sweet potato was found to have the highest amylose contents, while taro and arrowroot showed lower glycemic indices. These profiles can serve as fundamental information for processors to develop new products that capitalize on these unique properties