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Resistance of some sugarcane varieties to downy mildew (Sclerospora philippinensis Weston).
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Fractionation and characterization of phenolic compounds in bignay [Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng] pomace
No full textFor the first time, phenolics in freeze-dried bignay pomace existing in free soluble [F1], esterified soluble bound [F2], glycosylated soluble bound [F3] and insoluble bound [F4] forms were fractionated, characterized through TPC, CTC, TAC, DPPH and HPLC, and quantified. F2 was found to have the highest condensed tannins content and DPPH antioxidant scavenging activity, while F3 exhibited total phenolic content and second highest DPPH antioxidant scavenging activity. Among all fractions, only F1 had detectable total anthocyanin content. All twelve phenolic standards namely gallic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, ellagic acid, para-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, resveratrol, catechin, epicatechin, rutin hydrate, myricetin, and quercetin were identified in the phenolic fractions from which gallic acid and epicatehin were the prominent compounds among fractions and were both present in F2. The preliminary data on freeze-dried bignay pomace fractions from this study can be utilized in future bioavailability studies and food applications
Semiparametric multivariate analysis of covariance test of treatment effects
Get PDFTraditional multivariate analysis of covariance test is based on restrictive assumptions like homoscedasticity and normality of errors. A semiparametric multivariate analysis of covariance model is postulated. Nonparametric regression and multivariate analysis of variance are imbedded into the backfitting algorithm to estimate the model. The responses are adjusted for covariate effect through a nonparametric function of the covariates. Simulation study indicates that a bootstrap-based test for treatment effects is correctly sized. The proposed semiparametric multivariate analysis of covariance is shown to be powerful in detecting multivariate differences in the presence of nonlinear covariates and is robust to different error distributions with homogeneous, heterogeneous, and singular variance-covariance matrices. Moreover, the test is advantageous over the classical multivariate analysis of covariance in various error variance-covariance structures especially with unbalanced sample sizes
Corn cob and corn husk biochars enhance the growth of corn (zea mays L.) in fertilized clay loam soil
No full textBiochar is a carbon (C) rich material that improves soil quality, increases crop yield, and is produced from biomass pyrolysis under a limited oxygen environment. An experiment laid out in a split-plot, a completely randomized design (CRD) and was conducted to investigate the growth responses of corn-to-corn cob biochar (CCB) (15 t ha-1), and corn husk biochar (CHB) (15 t ha-1) in a Lipa clay loam soil (Typic Eutrudepts) applied with organic fertilizer (OF) (10 t ha-1) and inorganic fertilizer [recommended rate (RR):120 N;60 P2O5-60; K2O per ha]. The results showed that CCB and CHB are rich in macro- and micro-essential elements. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis showed the high average surface area, high pore radius, and pore volume of biochars. The field emission-transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed a very high concentration of C (88 – 90%) and other elements (Cu, Na, K, Cl, S, Si, P, Ca, O) for the biochar. The CCB and CHB applied with organic and inorganic fertilizers improved the pH, EC, and nutrient status of the clay loam soil. This was evident in the enhanced growth of the plants (corn ear biomass, root biomass, and plant height) and increased leaf chlorophyll concentration. The CCB and CHB with organic and inorganic fertilizer applications are recommended for clay loam soil as they improve both the soil health and the plant growth
Pagmamapa ng kasaysayan at pagsusuri sa silabus ng Philippine Studies (PS) 21 sa General Education Program ng Unibersidad ng Pilipinas Los Baños
Get PDFKontekstong historikal ng adapsiyon ng Unibersidad ng Pilipinas Los Baños (UPLB) sa Philippine Studies 21 (PS21) o Wika, Panitikan, at Kultura sa Ilalim ng Batas Militar sa Pilipinas ang mababasa sa pagbabahaging ito. Sinimulan ang papel sa maikling pagmamapa ng mga kursong General Education (GE) sa UPLB saka sinundan ng mga paliwanag tungkol sa pagtugon ng kurso sa marangal na tungkulin ng GE program at sa banghay ng interdisiplinaryong silabus. Ang papel na ito ay nagmimistulang pitasan ng mga rekomendasyon para sa mas pagpapabuti at pagpapatuloy ng pagtuturo ng PS 21. At, higit sa lahat, nagsisilbi itong paunang silip ng mga guro at ng mga pamantasang nagnanais umampon o dumisenyo ng parehong progresibo, marangal, at intelektuwal na kursong pangwika, pampanitikan, pangkultura, at pambatas militar sa loob at labas ng Sistemang UP
A comparative phenomenological study between public and private school teachers\u27 work-life experiences in Laguna during the Covid-19 pandemic
No full textDue to the situation during the pandemic and the Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) on Emerging Infectious Diseases implementing strict quarantine measures, the Work From Home System was utilized by educational institutions. Working from home offers advantages and disadvantages to teachers. It enables them to continue teaching their students despite not being able to see each other physically, however, changes are needed, especially in the way classes are taught. This research study aims to describe the teachers\u27 circumstances and better understand how the selected public and private school teachers from Laguna balance their work and life during the pandemic. This study focused on comparing the experiences of public and private school educators during the different learning setups, identifying factors that affect the work-life balance of public and private school educators, and identifying the coping mechanisms used by the teachers while managing their time and adjusting to their current setup. The researchers utilized a phenomenological study qualitative approach to gather and analyze the thoughts and experiences of public and private school teachers
during the pandemic and how their work-life balance was affected. Purposive non- probability sampling was used in selecting the participants. To gather the data needed, an
estimated 45 minutes to one-hour online one-on-one interview was conducted per participant. Not only the teachers’ work and teaching experiences were affected during the pandemic, but also their personal lives and routines. It shows that the work and life of teachers were not balanced and had no clear boundary between their roles as a teacher and as an individual. They were concerned with a lot of things, thus affecting them physically, mentally, emotionally, and financially. Teachers need support and proper management of their work and personal lives to improve the country’s quality of education, especially during this pandemic
Determinants of informal employment in the Philippines
No full textThis study identified the factors that determine informal employment in the Philippines using the recent nationwide surveys. It first presented an informal/formal employment profile for the Philippines and then did a multivariate analysis of the determinants of informal employment.
Given that informally employed are worse off than the formally employed, government policies towards structural transformation (decreased share of informal employment and increased share of formal employment) are needed. The significant positive link between informal employment and having less education, being female, working in a rural area, working in a non-industrial sector, and belonging to a poor household provide some ideas of key directions for an informal employment reduction strategy.
It is important to note however that the present study used data sets that are not specifically collected with making a clear distinction between informal and formal employment in mind. Hence the definitions of informal and formal employment adopted are not conceptually precise and the comprehensive analysis of the determinants of informal employment in the Philippines would have to wait for a survey of informal and formal employment of sufficient complexity
Factors Affecting the Savings Behavior of University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) Undergraduate Students
No full textThis study focused on the various factors that influence the savings behavior of UPLB undergraduate students. The research examined the relationship between savings behavior as the dependent variable and several independent variables: age, sex, monthly allowance and income, financial literacy, parental guidance, peer influence, and self- control. The regression results revealed that allowance and income, parental guidance, and self-control significantly affect the savings behavior of UPLB undergraduate students.
A positive relationship was observed between savings behavior and allowance and income, indicating that as the students\u27 allowance and income increase, their savings also increase, though in less proportion. This aligns with the savings function, suggesting that income growth contributes to higher savings. Moreover, parental guidance was identified as a significant factor affecting students\u27 savings behavior. The study highlights the positive impact of parental guidance on students\u27 financial management attitudes, leading to greater savings behavior. Lastly, self-control emerged as a significant factor in students\u27 savings behavior. The study demonstrates a direct relationship between self-control and savings, suggesting that students with higher self-control tend to save more. This finding underscores the significance of self-discipline and self-regulation in financial decision- making and long-term savings habits
Willingness to Pay for Reliable Water Supply in Barangay Langgam, San Pedro, Laguna
No full textRegular interruptions of water service have been a long-standing problem in Barangay Langgam, San Pedro, Laguna. Residents of the said barangay experience heavy burdens such as lack of sleep from stocking up on water at night and affected day-to-day living due to the poor supply of water. Using a Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), this study discusses the valuation for a reliable water supply of households in Barangay Langgam. The CVM method includes the random distribution of survey questionnaires to 160 household heads who are residents of Barangay Langgam.
The results of the logistic regression found that bid amount, monthly income, and sex are statistically significant factors which affect the WTP of the respondents. Bid amount and sex were found to have a negative relationship with the WTP of the respondents, while monthly income was found to have a positive relationship with WTP. The study also elicited the mean WTP of the respondents, which is Php 83.68 using the Turnbull Estimator. With the percentage of “yes” votes and the mean WTP amount, the water service provider can collect an estimated monthly revenue of Php 414,048.51 which can be used to help fund the proposed project to improve the water supply reliability in Barangay Langgam
An Assessment of the Credit Constraint Status of Rice Farmers in Guimba, Nueva Ecija, 2023
No full textThe study assessed the credit constraints status of rice farmers with banks in Guimba City, Nueva Ecija. Specifically, the study: (1) categorized the rice farmers based on their credit constraints status; (2) described the profile of rice farmers based on their credit constraints status; (3) determined the factors affecting the credit constraint status of rice farmers; and (4) drew recommendations on improving the credit constrained farmers\u27 access to credit.
The study used a two-stage stratified random sampling technique to select 97 rice farmer-respondents, computed using Yamane\u27s sampling formula, out of the population of rice farmers in the study area. The study used a pre-tested interview schedule to gather primary data from the respondents. The Direct Elicitation Methos (DEM) was used to categorize the rice farmers into their respective credit constraint categories: unconstrained, supply-side constrained, and demand-side constrained. Descriptive analysis was used to describe to socio-demographic, farming, and credit-specific characteristics of the rice farmers. Thematic analysis was used to derive themes from rice farmer-respondents\u27 lived experiences in accessing credit from banks. Lastly, the multinomial logit model was employed in identifying the factors that could affect the credit constraint status of rice farmers.
Results of the study showed that the majority of rice farmers in Guimba City are credit constrained. They found the loan application process of banks difficult due to excessive requirements; lack of experience, and sources of knowledge and instruction; untimely loan approval and loan release; and physical/cognitive inabilities. The rice farmer-borrowers preferred to source agricultural credit from informal financial institutions because they considered transaction costs more than the interest payments when making borrowing decisions. Finally, farmers with higher farm income and farming experience are more likely to be supply-side constrained, while farmers with longer farming experience and less working members relative to their household size are more likely to be demand-side constrained.
Based on the results, the study provided three sets of recommendations. Firstly, for the supply-side constrained: (1) educational seminars focusing on topics related to collateral should be established; (2) banks should explore collateral substitutes for agricultural loans; and (3) banks should research more on the financial capital needs of rice farmers and modify their loanable limits accordingly. Secondly, for the demand-side constrained rice farmers: (1) extension service providers should conduct seminars focusing on addressing the information asymmetry between rice farmers and bank to reduce transaction costs and ease perception of risks associated with borrowing credit from banks; (2) specialized programs aimed at assisting farmers facing physical and cognitive challenges should be implemented to ease the loan application process; and (3) banks should streamline the loan application process, loan approval, and loan release. Lastly, other researchers may further conduct assessment studies on the factors affecting the credit constraint status of rice farmers to decrease the research gap in existing literature