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Revolution in exile: transnational mobilizations of Filipinos in the United States,1971-1986
Get PDFDespite the considerable research on the anti-Marcos movement in the United States, only a few focused on the Katipunan ng mga Demokratikong Pilipino (KDP), particularly its members who were exiles who immigrated from the Philippines before and during the early years of the martial law regime. This article adopts social movement theory and historical case study to examine the collected sources including interviews, memoirs, newspapers, government and organizational documents, and also books and articles relevant to the study. From these sources, I explore the early years of international work of Filipino exiles, the repression by the Marcos regime’s US-based Filipino agents, up to the KDP’s organizational splits and political decline from 1971 to 1986. The article shows that the social and political structures of the hostland were decisive and the primacy of national democracy in the conduct of transnational mobilizations. While the KDP initially took advantage of extensive resources and political opportunities to support the revolutionary struggle of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) in the homeland, these later on significantly decreased as domestic conditions in the United States shifted and were no longer favorable culminating in the decline of the KDP. Nevertheless, both the CPP’s national democratic revolution in the Philippines and the repression of the Marcos dictatorship were transnational in character. Moreover, these mobilizations of territorially separated Filipino exiles make them “transnational imagined communities”
A case study on the consumer preferences of parents in Los Baños, Laguna for branded and generic over the counter counter medicine for children aged 2-17
No full textOver the counter (OTC) medicine plays a crucial role in the immediate relief of symptoms of patients suffering illnesses. Since no prescription is needed to purchase such a type of medicine, consumers consider OTC medication as the primary level of defense to alleviate symptoms. However, despite branded and generic medicine being bioequivalents, the internal debate within consumers to purchase either of the two follow their preferences on a product. Previous studies constitute purchasing preference on medicine to factors such as price and effectiveness. Furthermore, perceptions of consumers and personal experiences are elements that remain influential to the purchasing decision of consumers. Given its importance to the treatment of a patient, especially children, purchasing preferences of consumers, in this case parents, are analyzed to reveal the factors influencing the development towards one inclination. This research explores the purchasing behavior of parents from Los Baños, Laguna towards branded and generic over the counter medicine in the case of their children aged 2-17 years old. With the data collected from the interviews, it was concluded that the majority of the interviewed parents from Los Baños, Laguna perceive branded medicine for their children as a better option compared to generic medicine in terms of quality and effectiveness. This behavior exhibited by parents is driven mostly by internal factors such as professional prescription, cost, and effectiveness. Personal experiences significantly impact the perception of parents on the common types of over the counter medicine with familiarity and positive feedback influencing their decision to develop a preference over the brand of medicine
Analysis on the levels of knowledge and awareness of Grade 7 and 12 studets in Los Baños and Bay, Laguna on climate change and its effects in the Philippines
No full textKnowledge and awareness are key instruments in taking action to reduce climate change effects, and determining students’ fluency in this area can provide information on the current state of the community’s climate change education. This study aimed to assess the levels of knowledge and awareness, and to identify the sources of information of high school students towards climate change and its effects in the Philippines. Questionnaires from previous studies were adapted and were verified by Disaster Risk Reduction Management teachers. The survey was conducted both online using the Qualtrics platform and on-site using a pen and paper survey. The population included 387 public and private high school students, with 212 grade 7 respondents and 175 grade 12 respondents across Los Baños and Bay, Laguna. Results showed that the respondents have moderate levels of knowledge, awareness, and willingness to address climate change but have a limited comprehension of its nature and specific economic issues within the country. Grade 12 students generally scored higher than grade 7 students in the test for knowledge, but no difference in mean scores was observed between public and private schools. A weak to moderate linear correlation was observed between the knowledge and awareness of each respondent regarding climate change. Data show that school-related activities are a major source for climate change concepts along with social media and online platforms for disseminating news about its effects. Scientific research articles were also pointed out as top choices for future references. This study gives key insights as to how the educational system and other information sources have shaped Filipino students\u27 current literacy and perception of climate change. These results can also be used as a guide for educational institutions and local government units to adjust the curriculum towards properly addressing climate change
Case study on a social and emotional experiences of Filipino Youths in Laguna to Parental Separation
No full textThe rate of separation has steadily increased globally, and the Philippines is not an exception to that trend. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the lived emotional and social experiences of Filipino youths residing in Laguna following parental separation. The participants of this study were mostly gathered through snowball sampling. Eight one-on-one interviews were conducted through the online platform Zoom. The multiple case study approach revealed similarities, differences, and overarching themes present in the participants’ accounts of events. Through a thematic analysis of data, several underlying themes were identified: (1) Knowledge and Learning of Parental Separation, (2) Emotional Responses and Struggles Following Parental Separation, (3) Social Relationships, (4) Coping Mechanisms, and (5) Impact of Parental Separation. Furthermore, 7 out of the 8 participants of the study have reported negative emotions due to the separation, whereas 5 out 8 participants have directly shared their coping mechanisms. However, the responses were significantly ambivalent. Separation, it would seem, was not completely negative for all participants, which makes it difficult to generalize the experience as definitely positive or negative. Additionally, plenty of the experiences and behaviors gathered in this study can be seen as contradictory to the findings that other researchers of the topic conventionally agree upon. This study offers a specific perspective on parental separation under the lens of Filipino youth. Ultimately, the study presents the primary impacts of parental separation on Filipino youth and suggests how negative effects can be mitigated and how positive effects can be created
E-vacuate (searching for safety): optimizing the evacuation system in Laguna using multiple breadth first search algorithm
No full textOut of 193 countries, WorldRiskReport 2022 ranked the Philippines as the most vulnerable to natural disasters. In response to this vulnerability, E-vacuate was developed to optimize the location of evacuation centers in Laguna and point the locals to the direction of their nearest evacuation center. E-vacuate uses the Multiple Breadth First Search (MBFS), a graph traversal algorithm that performs BFS on each evacuation center in search of the shortest paths to numerous destinations. The model was applied to a map that was simplified into a 20x20 and 40x40 grid, where people were assigned to the nearest evacuation center. These assignments helped produce the best locations that need an evacuation center most. The time complexity of the model follows O(N), and the running time has an efficient linear relationship with the number of iterations. E-vacuate offers a way for residents to know what evacuation centers are available in their area and for local government units to decide which locations would be the most practical to establish new evacuation centers in
Long-term moisture cycling performance and unexpected strengthening of non-dry flax fibre composites
No full textThe results of using dried and non-dry fibre (conditioned at 50% and 80% RH) on properties of both flax/polyester and flax/epoxy composites during long-term moisture cycling were determined. The composites\u27 properties are compared to the unaged composites and reference materials such as neat resins, glass/epoxy composite and beechwood. In general, the area damage of composites produced with non-dry fibre is lower than those made of dried fibre for both composites throughout the test. The lower area damage of composites produced with non-dry fibre supports the flexural test results wherein both composites produced with non-dry fibre showed better moisture durability than composites produced with dried fibre. The flexural test results showed that all composites\u27 properties seem to recover or even significantly increase compared to unaged composites until the end of the cycling test. On average, the longitudinal mean modulus and strength of flax/polyester increased by 8% and 5%, respectively, while for flax/epoxy, these increases were 19% and 17%, respectively, after 20 cycles. The improvement in flexural properties of composites during the test is partially related to the stiffening of the resins, but is likely also due to some stiffening and strengthening of the flax fibres, which was unexpected. This was confirmed by impregnated fibre bundle tests on cycled flax fibres. The effect is commensurate to an hornification effect, also resulting in lower water sorption
Assessing Climate Change Vulnerability in the Flood-Prone Barangays Santo Niño, Butuan City
No full textButuan City is highly susceptible to flooding due to its location along the Aguan river Basin and the occurrence of extreme weather hazards in the region due to climate change. Poor households, however, are likely to be more vulnerable, or prone to experiencing negative impacts due to climate change.
This study measured vulnerability to climate change as expected poverty or the likelihood that a household will become poor in the future. This study was conducted in Barangay Santo Nino, which was severely affected by Typhoon Odette in December 2021. The study aimed to determine which biophysical and social chara t consumption. Due to the presence of heteroscedasticity in the data, the three generalized least squares (FGLS) procedure was used. Results revealed that height, number of floods experienced, household size, dependency ratio. educational attainment of the household head, housing conditions and access to information significantly affect consumption at the household level.
Through conducting a correlation analysis, it was also found that current poverty is not necessarily associated with vulnerability in the community. Nonetheless, it was found that the majority or 68.23% of total vulnerable households engage in farming as their main source of income, implying the vulnerability of this particular sector to poverty due to climate change hazards
Observed Punishment Spillover Effects on Cooperative Behavior
No full textThis study attempts to find out if the spillover effects of observed punishment have a significant effect on cooperative behavior through the conduct of a simple economic experiment. The analytic framework developed was focused on the rational choice theory, incentives for cooperation and punishment, cost-benefit analysis, and the induced value theory. A public good game that lasted for two rounds was conducted on selected participants that were randomly distributed into three experimental groups. The researcher implemented two treatments—observed punishment and unobserved punishment. Summaries of frequencies, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression method were the statistical analyses conducted to interpret the experiment results.
In the first round, the observed punishment treatment group was discovered to display the highest rates of cooperation. When the game was repeated for another round, the control group revealed a spike in their contribution rates whereas the treatment groups showed a significant decrease in their average contributions. This change in cooperative behavior could be attributed to the learning effect, which is also related to the participants’ strategic behavior during the experiment. Observed punishment is proven to have a significant effect on cooperative behavior, as well as certain socio-demographic variables such as degree program, age, affiliation status, and academic workload. Due to the internal validity of the experiment, the results of this study are only a small fraction of what can be observed with cooperative behavior in the presence of punishment mechanisms and can only serve as a guide for improved experimental designs in the future
An Analysis of Youth Electoral Participation in the Philippines
No full textThis study attempts to provide an economic analysis of youth electoral participation in the Philippines. While the youth comprise a big share of the Philippines’ voting population, they are generally characterized by their abstention and indifference from political participation. With this, the study synthesizes Downs’ Rational Theory of Voter Behavior and the Socioeconomic Status Model to provide an understanding of the influences on youth’s decision to vote or not in elections. Specifically, it tests the significance of various political and socioeconomic variables on youth voter turnout in the 2022 local and national elections. The study employed the random sampling method among the eligible youth voters from the 23 cities and municipalities of the province of Cavite to come up with a proportional sample of the voting population.
Since voter registration is a requisite to voting in the Philippines, a Two-Stage Logistic regression analysis was employed with voter registration as the dependent variable for the first stage and the ease of registration as the instrumental variable, which was found to have a significant indirect effect on voter turnout. Results show that voter registration, political interest, political trust, and existing political involvement have a positive significant relationship with voter turnout while household income has a significant negative relationship with it. While political interest was found to affect the variation in turnout the most, the study therefore suggests intensifying opportunities for the youth to engage in civic activities for more awareness of current political affairs thereby increasing voter turnout from the sector
Survey on the Feeding Program in Childcare Learning Centers in Selected Villages in Laguna, Philippines
No full textTo improve the nutrition of young children in the Philippines, we investigated the implementation of feeding programs at daycare centers operated by the Rural Improvement Club-Children Learning Center (RIC) and Welfare and Development (DSWD) in the Province of Laguna. These programs differed by facility, with RIC providing a menu with KALINGA added, and DSWD providing a menu consisting of rice and side dishes. The menus consisted mainly of foods with carbohydrate and protein sources, and there was little use of vegetables and fruits, a source of vitamins and minerals. In both facilities, the feeding program was based on practical knowledge and did not provide uniform indicators for nutrition and dietary management. To ensure appropriate nutritional management in daycare centers in the Philippines, it is necessary to provide operational guidelines that can be implemented in each facility