University Knowledge Digital Repository UPLB (University of the Philippines Los Baños)
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Supplementation of Commercial Probiotic Lactobacillus casei in Rearing Early-Stage Silver Therapon (Leiopotherapon plumbeus) Larvae: Effects on Growth, Body Composition, and Stress Tolerance
Get PDFSupplementation of probiotics in live feeds and rearing water may improve the growth, survival, and resistance of fish larvae. This study examined the beneficial effect of a commercial probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei on the growth, body composition, and stress resistance in early-stage silver therapon (Leiopotherapon plumbeus) larvae. Larvae at 12 d post-hatch (DPH) (9.76 ± 1.32 mm total length [TL] and 13.48 ± 4.80 mg body weight [BW]) were reared in triplicate groups of 15 larvae per tank from 12 – 40 DPH (Phase 1) and 41 – 96 DPH (Phase 2). From 12 – 40 DPH, larvae were fed (I) unenriched Artemia nauplii (no-PB or control group); (II) probiotic-enriched Artemia nauplii (PB); and on (III) probiotic-enriched Artemia nauplii and rearing water (PB + W). The same feeding regime was used from 41 – 96 DPH except that the larvae were co-fed Artemia nauplii and microparticulate diet (MPD). Mean survival rates at 40 (97.78% – 100%) and 96 DPH (86.67% – 91.11%) did not show significant differences among treatments. However, except for body depth (BD) and Fulton’s condition factor (K), mean TL, BW, length increment (LI), and length- (SGRL) and weight-specific growth rates (SGRW) of PB + W-fed larvae were significantly higher than PB-fed and no-PB-fed larvae at 40 DPH. While these parameters were similar among treatment groups at 96 DPH, slightly higher values for BW and SGRW were noted for the PB + W group, as supported by the higher proportion of L. casei to total microbiota in the intestines of early-stage larvae. Whole body protein and lipid contents were highest in the PB + W and PB groups, respectively, but did not differ from the no-PB group. Survival rates (93.33% – 100%) after 18 h exposure to 30 ppt did not show significant differences. However, recovery rates after 15 min of air exposure of early stage larvae in the PB and PB + W groups (93.33%) were significantly higher than those fed unenriched Artemia (66.67%). These results indicate that supplementation of probiotic bacteria L. casei in live feed and rearing water may support growth of earlystage larvae of silver therapon and its resistance to stress conditions during culture
Optimization of Factors Affecting the Performance of a Fluidized Bed Dryer
Get PDFThis study investigated the theoretical, analytical, and experimental effects of parameters such as bed height, air velocity, and air temperature on drying using a fluidized bed dryer. The objective was to examine how these parameters influence the drying process of salt products in a pilot fluidized bed dryer and establish the foundation for the development of a future full-scale machine. Salt products with an initial moisture content of 3% were used in all experimental trials. The pressure drop was determined by calculating the minimum fluidization rate, Archimedes and Reynolds number. The calculated values were compared with the analyses conducted using the Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchanges (MFIX) program and the tests performed on the pilot-scale static fluidized bed dryer equipment to verify the accuracy. Upon comparing the parameters in fluidized bed drying, it was concluded that the increase in air velocity had a more significant impact on the pressure drop than what was predicted in the theoretical calculations. Nevertheless, it was noted that the analysis was significantly impacted by the height of the bed
Effects of learning modality on academic stress and acdemic performance of UPRHS Senior High School students
No full textThis study aims to explore the nature and dynamics of academic stress among high school students with a focus on the challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic. It aims to assess how different learning modalities (Online, Hybrid, Face-to-Face) affects the sources and effects of academic stress on high school students as well as examining the relationships between individual coping mechanisms and the direct impact on academic performance. Employing a quantitative research approach, the research gathers data through an online survey administered to students enrolled at the University of the Philippines Rural High School (UPRHS). The study examines the sources and effects of academic stress, alongside investigating potential correlations between stress levels and academic performance. Initial observations suggest differences in academic achievement across learning modes, suggesting potential links between stress management strategies and academic performance and achievements. However, data analysis reveals no statistically significant correlations between learning modes, academic stress, and grades received. Despite these findings, the study highlights the complexity of academic stress as well as the necessity for further research to better understand its relationship with learning environments and academic performance
The perspectives of Laguna citizens on no mandatory sex education program
No full textSex education (SE), often known as sexual education, sexuality education, or sex ed, is he introduction to sexual behaviors, sexual health, sexual anatomy, safe sex, and birth control. A study by the Center for Health Solutions and Innovations Philippines lnc. found that 15% of teachers said they have implemented or are currently implementing Comprehensive Sexuality Education. The objective of this study was to investigate information regarding the effects of no mandatory sex education on the adolescents of the Philippines. The research used a narrative approach and utilizes interviews for gathering data from the participants. According to the participants, they believe that there is a need for SE implementation. All of them gave possible Toasons why SE is nt fully implemented in the Philippines. All participants agree that SE should be fully integrated into the school curriculum. The narratives suggest a call for action for the audience and the education system to realize the issues around the missing SE programs in the country
Isolation and Identification of Entomopathogenic Fungi from the Soils of Northwest Iran and their Biological Control Efficacy on the Flour Moth (Ephestia kuehniella) [RESEARCH NOTE]
No full textEntomopathogenic fungi have the potential to serve as alternatives to or supplements for chemical pesticides in insect biocontrol, with many of these fungi being utilized in commercial and integrated pest control practices globally. This study aimed to isolate and evaluate the efficacy of various entomopathogenic fungi for the biocontrol of the flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Lep: Pyralidae). Multiple isolates of entomopathogenic fungi were acquired from soils across different districts of Azerbaijan province in northwest Iran, and their virulence against E. kuehniella larvae was assessed. Seventeen isolates representing diverse entomopathogenic fungi were isolated and purified using the soil trap method from 20 distinct soil samples. Their pathogenicity against E. kuehniella was evaluated in three replicates through the immersion technique at concentrations of 104, 105, 106, 107, and 108 conidia/mL. Identification of selected fungal isolates was based on morphological features, mycological parameters, and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The study identified seven fungal species, namely Lecanicillium lecanii, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium citrinum, and Aspergillus lavus, among the 17 isolates collected. Bioassay assessments revealed the susceptibility of 4th-instar larvae of E. kuehniella to the selected isolates, with the larval mortality rate increasing with higher conidial concentrations. A. lavus, A. oryzae, P. citrinum, and P. lilacinum exhibited maximum virulence, causing nearly 90% lethality, while Metarhizium anisopliae demonstrated the lowest level of virulence, resulting in approximately 30% lethality in E. kuehniella. The virulence pattern of isolates across different concentrations was notably distinct. The findings of this research demonstrate that entomopathogenic fungi isolated in this investigation could be effectively incorporated into future pest management programs
Usability Analysis of the Ronnie Baugh (Oggun II) Tractor Using the Single Usability Metric [RESEARCH NOTE]
No full textAgricultural mechanization is one of the policies created by the Philippine government to alleviate systemic problems facing the country. In 2020, a local company was licensed to manufacture the American-designed Ronnie Baugh tractor (RBT), which aims to enable smaller-scale production with low-cost and customizable features. This study assessed the usability of the RBT and evaluated the appropriateness of its design for Filipino tractor operators using the single usability metric (SUM). A total of 21 participants were classified according to their age and experience (A – young and experienced, B – old and experienced, and C – young and inexperienced) and were given driving tasks. Task completion, completion time, error rate, and satisfaction were then measured and averaged, leading to a computed SUM result of 64.69%. This value translates into a high marginal experience under the System Usability Scale (SUS) with a D-grade scale, which implies that the design is still unacceptable and may be further improved to ensure satisfaction among users. Moreover, a singular assessment of the four metrics showed that (1) 100% task completion was attained, (2) task performance and satisfaction did not differ between the experienced and inexperienced participants, and (3) the error rate had an erratic behavior and a contradicting result as compared to empirical evidence. Overall, the usability of the RBT might influence user dissatisfaction and its economic and practical impact on integrations. The existing design of RBT also poses an opportunity for localization, considering that it is more economical to manufacture
Analysis of Onion Farmers\u27 Market-Oriented Production Planning and its Implication on Profitability, Bongabon, Nueva Ecija, 2024
No full textThis study assessed the farmers’ adoption toward market-oriented production planning and its implications on profitability in Bongabon, Nueva Ecija. The specific objectives were to: describe onion farmers\u27 production and marketing practices, assess their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding market-oriented production planning, determine their costs and returns, analyze factors influencing their attitudes and practices, assess their production and marketing decisions, identify issues and constraints they encounter, and recommended actions to address them. For methods, both primary and secondary data were used in the study. A total of 92 onion farmer respondents in Brgy. Pesa Bongabon, Nueva Ecija were interviewed using structured questionnaires. Using the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) survey, 66 respondents were classified as market-oriented production farmers while 26 respondents were classified as non-market- oriented production farmers. The study used the following analytical tools: descriptive analysis, cost and returns analysis, binary logistic regression, comparison of means using t-test, and two-way analysis of variance.
Results of the study showed that the practices conducted by onion farmers in Bongabon include growing, harvesting, storing, transporting, and selling onions. Planting season is from late September to November, while harvesting occurs between December and February. Farmers transport their harvest to trading centers or the nearest market, while buyers and agents commonly visit farms to purchase onions per kilogram or bag. The cost and returns analysis per hectare and per farm showed that market-oriented production farmers received higher returns and net farm income. The findings meant that the market- oriented production farmers are more profitable and more efficient at converting sales into actual profit. The binary logistic regression model revealed that socio-economic factors such as household income and behavioral factors such as membership in associations and attendance at MAO-sponsored trainings, significantly influenced farmers\u27 adoption toward market-oriented production planning. Using two-way ANOVA test, it was revealed that market-oriented production farmers obtained higher profits given available capital, were not engaged in contractual agreements, not practice storing, transporting, and selling onions to regular buyers. The significant problems in onion production and marketing encountered by farmers include lack of irrigation, high losses due to pest infestation, unfavorable weather conditions, high input costs, and price competition with imported onions. The study concluded that adopting market-oriented production planning positively impacts the profitability of onion farmers.
Given the results, the study mainly recommended providing continuous training and support from Local Government Units (LGUs) by offering subsidized inputs and small-scale irrigation systems to help onion farmers reduce their production costs. Additionally, the study recommended to encourage farmers to join associations and trainings, which would enable them to make more informed decisions regarding market- oriented production planning
Assessment of the Food Security Status of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4PS) Beneficiaries in Selected Rural And Urban Areas in Laguna, 2024
No full textThis study was conducted in Victoria and Calamba City, Laguna, to assess the food security status of the beneficiaries, describe the implementation of the 4Ps, characterize the socio-demographic profile of the respondents, identify the food expenditure pattern, determine the relationship between geographic areas and food security, as well as dietary diversity level. The socio-demographic profile, monthly household expenditures, food security status, and dietary diversity level of the rural and urban household beneficiaries were determined. Cramer’s V was employed to determine the relationship between geographic areas and food security status, as well as, the dietary diversity level objectives of the study, this paper also identifies the problems encountered by the beneficiary- respondents. The analyses were aided by the use of the categorical variables present in the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS). This was done to assess the food security status and dietary diversity levels of the households in rural and urban areas.
Based on the analyses of the study, the geographic areas affect the food security status and dietary diversity level of the respondents. There was a moderate association between geographic areas and food security status. The following factors, such as food prices, household size, income, employment, expenditure, cash aid from the government, and dietary diversity level, may affect the food security status of the beneficiaries. In terms of geographic areas and dietary diversity, there was a weak association between the two variables; this may be attributed to the presence of agricultural areas such as perennial and annual crops, fisheries, and poultry farms in the urban area may be attributed to the slight difference between the average HDDS of rural and urban areas.
To improve the food security status of the rural and urban beneficiaries, enhancing the local production of agricultural commodities, generating employment opportunities, and resolving the 4Ps distribution of cash grants are recommended. Enhancing the local production of agricultural commodities promotes food security and increases the dietary diversity of households. Generating employment opportunities will lessen the reliance of beneficiaries on cash grants and provide a livelihood to the respondents, thus generating more income. The distribution of cash grants must also be resolved since beneficiaries allocate to acquiring food or education expenses
Effects of the Palaycheck System on Input Use Efficiency, Productivity, and Profitability of Rice Farms in Magdalena, Laguna, Wet Season, 2023
No full textRice is one of the most important crops in the Philippines. It is the staple food of most Filipino families and has significant contributions to the Philippine economy. Despite this, the Philippine rice sector faces several challenges including poverty incidence among rice farming households, increasing pressure on agriculture and the environment to provide food for the growing population, and the intensifying competition for the limited natural resources. One of the solutions to these challenges is empowering farmers through strategic support and effective technology development, transfer, and utilization, which is embodied in the PalayCheck System. The PalayCheck system is “a dynamic rice crop management system that presents the key technology and management practices as Key Checks. It compares farmer practices with best practices and learns from farmers’ discussion groups to sustain improvement in productivity, profitability, and environment safety”. This System was expected to increase the productivity and profitability of its beneficiaries. This study determined if the System was helpful in increasing the productivity and profitability of rice farms and if it makes farmer-beneficiaries more efficient users of farm resources. A counterfactual study was employed to determine the effects of the PalayCheck System on input use efficiency, productivity, and profitability, wherein the farmer- beneficiaries were assigned as the treatment group while the non-beneficiaries were the control group. The methods used in the study were: descriptive analysis, categorization of Key Check achievements, input use efficiency assessment, cost and returns analysis, t-test for mean differences, and regression analysis. The study found that farm size was significantly different between farmer beneficiaries and farmer non-beneficiaries. This finding was considered by the study when comparing the farm performance of the two farmer groups. It appears that the majority of beneficiaries were medium achievers of the PalayCheck System, which means they achieved four to six Key Checks. Both farmer groups were inefficient in their use of land and nitrogen fertilizer, while efficient in their use of phosphorus, potassium, and human labor when compared to the standard or recommended use of these inputs for rice production. The study also found that the PalayCheck System had no significant effects on the productivity and profitability of rice farms in Magdalena. Finally, the result of the multiple regression analysis revealed that the significant factors affecting the productivity of rice farms in Magdalena were land, human labor, and farm chemicals including insecticides, pesticides, and molluscicides. Based on these findings, the study recommends the following: 1) checking and sharing for best farming practices among farmers, 2) take advantage of the significant effect of PalayCheck on human labor use efficiency and the significant effect of labor use on farm productivity, 3) improve land and nitrogen use efficiencies, 4) improve farm performance related to several Key Checks, and 5) include other resource indicators and measuring methods for future studies
Analysis of Farm Management Capabilities of Layer Chicken and Swine Raisers in Selected Areas in Batangas, 2024
No full textThe poor performance of the Philippine agriculture sector is being attributed to the poor management skills of majority of the Filipino farmers, which in turn is being traced to the below par extension system. An expert in the Philippine agriculture sector once emphasized that the sector needs to act promptly to address this current situation, otherwise the sector will lag behind for another two decades. This study aimed to analyze the farm managerial capabilities of layer chicken and swine raisers in selected areas in Batangas. More importantly it aimed to assess the raisers’ level of management capability, examine the determinants thereof, scrutinize the extension programs of the local government that hone the management capability of raisers, and provide recommendations based on the findings of the study. Primary data were collected through face-to-face interviews to a total of 118 respondents, 66 from layer chicken raisers and 52 from swine raisers. Descriptive analysis was used to assess the level of farm management capability of the layer chicken and swine raisers and ordered logistic regression was used to determine the factors affecting the farm management capabilities. Key informant interviews were also conducted among city agriculturist of San Jose and municipal veterinarian of Rosario to scrutinize the programs of extension that hone the management skills of layer chicken and swine raisers. The overall farm management capability of layer chicken and swine raisers is at par. However, swine raisers were found to have low skill on planning and goal setting, as well as risk management. Specifically, they are poor in areas of setting production goals in short run and long run and obtaining agricultural insurance or having financial savings to handle unexpected issues in the farm. Farming experience, age, and flock size significantly determine the farm management capability of layer chicken raisers, while educational attainment, training, and herd size were the significant determinants of the farm management capability of swine raisers. These differences were perhaps driven by the differing technical difficulties of handling the layer chicken and swine. The analysis of extension programs offered by the San Jose and Rosario for layer chicken and swine raisers revealed that the programs offered were limited to technical and risk management. Based on the results, it is recommended that layer chicken and swine raisers strengthen collaborative networks with other raisers to enhance their farm management capabilities. While existing extension programs play a valuable role in risk management and technical skills, it is recommended to also include other areas of farm management to address skill gaps identified in the study. This broader approach can further strengthen management capability in critical areas. Additionally, to effectively support raisers in different areas of farm management, extension workers themselves may require additional training beyond their current scope. Investment in capability building of extension workers can benefit the raisers whom they assist and thereby improve the overall farm performance of the layer chicken and swine raisers