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Comparative Analysis of Household Food and Nutrition Security in Selected Philippine Urban and Rural Households During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFThis study analyzed the food and nutrition security of selected urban and rural households in Pili, Camarines Sur, Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic. It determined the prevalence of food insecurity among the selected urban and rural households, analyzed the determinants of food insecurity in these households, determined the prevalence of malnutrition, and assessed the relationship between the households’ food security and nutrition security. Primary data from a survey of 185 urban and rural households and secondary data from the Electronic Operation Timbang Plus (e-OPT) Tool were used to determine the prevalence of food insecurity using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and nutrition insecurity between urban and rural households, respectively. Results revealed that, during the pandemic, there were more (89.1%) food-insecure households most of which were from urban areas (88.3%). The ordered logistic regression analysis also showed that food insecurity in urban households was determined by the age of the household head, household monthly income, household size, and access to credit, while food insecurity in rural households was determined by education, monthly income, household daily food expenditure, and land ownership. Stunting and wasting among children under the age of five were more evident in urban households; however, rural households had a higher prevalence of stunted and wasted children aged 6 – 12 yr. The Fisher’s Exact Test results showed that the food security status and nutrition security level of children aged 0 – 5 yr and school-aged children were unrelated. Targeted courses of action are recommended to address area-specific nutrition problems
Economic Incentives for Solid Waste Segregation in Carmen Homes, San Pedro, Laguna: A Study on Willingness to Accept
No full textSolid waste segregation is not being implemented in San Pedro, Laguna because of widespread neglect. The use of economic incentives have been found to be effective in motivating households to practice segregation at source in many developed and developing countries. Using the stated preference method eliciting willingness to accept, households of a private subdivision were surveyed the minimum compensation they would need to practice segregating their waste at home. To ensure the validity of the results, the incentive compatible single and double bounded dichotomous choice method were used to elicit the willingness to accept of households for monetary discount and Alaska powdered milk incentives respectively. The study aimed to assess the response of households to a hypothetical cash incentive program, and an on-going Palit-Gatas program by the local government. Results show that 94 percent of households are willing to accept a 7 peso discount to their monthly waste collection fees in compensation for segregating their waste into biodegradables and non-biodegradables. With an average WTA of 3.14 pesos, the minimum cost for a cash-incentive program in the subdivision would be 678 pesos per month. Meanwhile, only 67 percent of households were willing to accept powdered milk products as an incentive for participating in the monthly residual collection program of the local government. The results revealed that individuals are more likely to already be practicing segregation prior to the study of they are older, unemployed, and do not perceive segregation as an inconvenience; were more likely to require monetary discounts to segregate if they were environmentally aware and did not experience social pressure; and finally, more likely to participate in the Palit-Gatas program if they have more dependents at home and years in education, and if they don\u27t perceive segregation as an inconvenience
The Role of Financial Literacy on the Perceived Retirement Preparedness Among Faculty Members of the College of Economics and Management (CEM) at the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB)
No full textThis study analyzed the relationship between financial literacy and the perceived retirement preparedness of the CEM faculty members. Specifically, this study examined the association of financial literacy dimensions namely financial knowledge, financial skills, and financial attitudes to the perceived preparedness for the retirement of the faculty members. The study used primary data through an online survey questionnaire and distributed it to all currently active faculty members of CEM. A correlation analysis was utilized to analyze the relationship of the two variables.
The correlation analysis revealed that monthly gross income and financial attitudes have a positive correlation to the perceived retirement preparedness, indicating that those with higher income and positive financial attitudes tend to be more prepared for retirement. This aligns with previous studies where income and financial attitudes have a positive relationship with retirement preparedness. In addition, the correlation analysis resonates with the Life Cycle Hypothesis (LCH), indicating that those with greater earnings and positive attitudes toward managing finances tend to develop retirement plans that include saving for retirement leading to a greater sense of preparedness. However, the study\u27s generalizability may be limited due to the sample size not necessarily reflecting the entire faculty population. This restricts the author\u27s ability to draw definitive conclusions about the entire faculty
A Feasibility Study of Establishing a Cocoyam (Xanthosoma Sagittifolium) Plantation in Brgy. Sumucab Cavinti, Laguna
No full textCocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) is experiencing a surge in popularity within the Philippine food processing sector. This trend is evident in the emergence of various processed cocoyam products, including chips, frozen goods, delicacies, and flour. The growing consumer interest in cocoyam can likely be attributed to its economic affordability and potential health benefits.
Although Laguna province produced 385.31 metric tons of cocoyam in 2023, current supply levels remain inadequate for processors and buyers. To address this shortfall, they source cocoyam from regions like Mindanao and Manila, known hubs for cocoyam and agricultural produce. This situation presents a compelling opportunity for Laguna-based farmers, particularly those interested in crop diversification, to venture into cocoyam production. By capitalizing on the rising demand and potential economic benefits, Laguna farmers can contribute to bridging the supply gap within the Philippine cocoyam processing industry.
This study investigates the feasibility of establishing a 1.5-hectare cocoyam plantation in Barangay Sumucab, Cavinti, Laguna. The study\u27s primary objectives are to analyze the proposed business through assessing the market, production, organizational, and financial viability, identify challenges associated with the project implementation, and to create recommendations.
A descriptive research design was employed to comprehensively assess the project\u27s feasibility. This approach involved the collection of data to describe the characteristics and potential of establishing a 1.5-hectare cocoyam plantation in Brgy. Sumucab, Cavinti, Laguna. Primary and Secondary data were used in this study. Primary data collection involved gathering firsthand information through interviews and communication with key informants. These key informants likely included individuals with experience or expertise in cocoyam production, agricultural management, or the local market landscape. Their insights were essential for understanding the practical considerations and potential challenges associated with the project. Secondary data collection involved the use of existing data sources to supplement the primary data. Relevant information was obtained from government agencies, published articles, agricultural books and manuals, reputable internet websites, and academic theses. By incorporating this secondary data, the study was able to leverage established knowledge and data related to cocoyam production and the broader agricultural sector.
The proposed cocoyam plantation will operate as a subsidiary of A. Nocon Realty and Development Corporation, marking their initial venture into the agricultural sector (agriventure). The corporation holds ownership of the 1.5-hectare project site, conveniently located in Cavinti, Laguna, approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes from the company\u27s office in Los Banos.
Global Food Solutions, a recognized processor and exporter of cocoyam products, has been identified as the primary target market. This established buyer demonstrates consistent demand that exceeds the anticipated production capacity of the proposed project. To capitalize on this opportunity, the project\u27s pricing strategy will be directly aligned with Global Food Solutions\u27 prevailing market rates.
The project will utilize 15,000 cocoyam setts as planting materials for the designated 1.5 hectares of land. A staggered planting approach will be implemented to ensure a continuous weekly supply of produce. To support these operations, a 20-square meter infrastructure will be constructed to serve as an office, cleaning area for the harvested corm, and storage facility for the tools and equipment. Cocoyam corms will reach maturity for harvest approximately 7 months after planting. August has been identified as the optimal planting window due to the scheduled delivery of planting materials and the ideal rainfall patterns in Cavinti during this period, which promote optimal cocoyam growth. The first harvest is anticipated in February 2025. Following harvest, the cocoyam corms will
undergo a thorough cleaning and sorting process before immediate transportation to Global Food Solutions. Weekly deliveries will be implemented to ensure product freshness. The projected yield per cropping cycle is approximately 15,000 kilograms of cocoyam corms. Translated into weekly harvests, this translates to an anticipated 536 kilograms. While this falls short of Global Food Solutions\u27 weekly demand of 2,000 kilograms, it presents a strong foundation for establishing a reliable supplier relationship and potential for future production expansion.
The project\u27s initial investment is estimated at PhP 578,995, encompassing both working capital (PhP 383,495) and fixed asset investments (PhP 195,500). Four scenarios were developed to evaluate the project\u27s performance under various market conditions. Base scenario assumes constant pricing for inputs and outputs throughout the project\u27s lifespan. Under these conditions, the project is expected to generate a Net Present Value (NPV) of PhP 205,755.28, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 15%, and a Payback Period (PP) of 5.271 years. Scenario 1 incorporates potential inflation rates and a 8% decrease in price of cocoyam. Despite the projected sales decline, the consideration of inflation in output prices leads to a higher NPV (PhP 937,355.73) and IRR (27%) compared to the base scenario. The Payback Period remains favorable at 4.53 years. Scenario 2 assumes a 12% decrease in the selling price of cocoyams and 5% decrease in yield, resulting in a decline in total sales. Consequently, the project\u27s NPV (PhP 535,752.67) and IRR (20%) are higher than the base scenario. However, the Payback Period (5.59 years) in Scenario 2 is slightly extended. Scenario 3 explores a substantial price reduction of 20% and greater yield reduction of 8% due to pests, diseases, mishandling and other factors affecting the production. While the project remains feasible with an NPV (PhP 32,201.29) and IRR (10%) exceeding the assumed cost of capital (9.5%), the Payback Period (7.50 years) is the longest among the scenarios. Further price reductions beyond 20% with yield reduction beyond 8% would likely render the project to be financially infeasible.
The financial analysis indicates that the proposed cocoyam plantation project is feasible under three of the four scenarios considered. Across the scenarios, the NPVs and IRRs surpass the project\u27s cost of capital (9.5%), demonstrating feasibility. Even Scenario 1, which incorporates inflation and reduced sales, presents a favorable outcome. Only Scenario 3, with a significant price decrease of 20% with 8% yield reduction, exhibits a longer Payback Period, suggesting a slightly extended timeframe to recover the initial investment. Overall, the financial analysis provides a strong foundation for proceeding with the project, with the understanding that market fluctuations and potential price reductions should be closely monitored and mitigated through effective production practices and sales strategies.
While the feasibility analysis indicates promising prospects for the cocoyam plantation project, it is essential to acknowledge and address potential risks that could hinder its success. The projected production volume might not fully satisfy Global Food Solutions\u27 weekly demand of 2,000 kilograms of cocoyam corms which may lead to rejection in sourcing corms in the proposed project. Unforeseen weather events like typhoons, floods, or droughts could disrupt production and lead to crop losses. Cocoyam crops can be susceptible to various pests and diseases, impacting yields. Ineffective farm management practices could negatively affect production efficiency and quality. Poor staff training, low morale, or ineffective communication within the workforce could hinder productivity. To mitigate the risks the following are recommended. Gradually increasing the production area overtime will enable the project to progressively meet the buyer\u27s demand. Identifying and establishing relationships with additional buyers including pig growers for feeds and buyers of small corms can provide alternative markets for the cocoyam corms, reducing reliance on a single buyer and mitigating the risk of supply rejections. Implementing a comprehensive Integrated Pest Management program that incorporates preventive measures, monitoring techniques, and targeted interventions will minimize the risk of pest and disease outbreaks. Investing in training programs for the farm manager and caretaker on best practices for cocoyam cultivation, soil management, and irrigation will optimize production yields and overall farm efficiency. Providing regular training to staff on proper farming techniques, safety protocols, and effective communication will enhance their skills and foster a positive work environment. Maintaining open communication and building a strong relationship with Global Food Solutions will promote collaboration and address any potential concerns regarding supply volumes or quality standards. Encouraging teamwork and fostering positive relationship among employees will contribute to a more productive and collaborative work environment. By proactively implementing these mitigation strategies, the project can effectively manage these risks and ensure the long-term success of the cocoyam plantation venture
A study on the psychological well-being of gym-going Senior High School Students
No full textThis study explores the different factors that affect senior high school gym goers psychological well-being. Data was collected from senior high school students from the University of the Philippines Rural High school through an online survey using Google forms, data were then analyzed using the quantitative and qualitative methods. We determined the state of psychological well-being of the students using Ryff\u27s scale of psychological well-being and the six factors namely self-acceptance, purpose in life, environmental mastery, positive relations, personal growth, and autonomy. From the six dimensions of psychol ogi cal well-being, only positive relations with others, personal growth and autonomy were significantly different. The findings show that, among the dimensions, personal growth, positive relations, and purpose in lifeare significantly different among students in terms of sex, workout duration, years of going to the gym, and frequency of workouts. Among the respondents, males scored higher in personal growth while females scored higher in positive relations. Individuals who said that they go to the gym for l to 2 hours and 2 or more hours have higher perceived personal growth as compared to individuals who only answered 30 minutes. Individuals who said they have less than a year of gym-going experience reported to have higher purpose in life score compared to more experienced individuals. Finally, individuals who said that they go to the gym 3 to 6 times per week reported to have higher personal growth score compared to those who train for less days weekly
An analysis of fitness workout routine among UPRHS SHS Students of AY 2023-2024: its impact on physical fitness
No full textThis study analyzes the impact of having fitness routines on the physical fitness of UPRHS Senior high school students for the academic year 2023-2024. It aims to determine whether having regular physical activity impacts a student\u27s physical fitness. A survey was conducted among ninety-six (96) senior high school students. The participants were asked about their BMI, whether they have regular physical activity, what activities they engage in, and the number of times they engage in that physical activity in a week. Then a fitness test was administered to suitable participants and recorded their flexibility, muscle strength, and cardiovascular fitness. The data were analyzed using Spearman\u27s corelation coefficient to identify the correlation between physical fitness factors and the number of physical activities. The results indicated a very low correlation between having physical activity on physical fitness except for the moderately positive corelation between muscle strength score and the number of physical activities and cardiovascular fitness and BMI, which is statistically significant. The data of the matrix shows that there is a positive impact of having cardiovascul ar exercises on the BMI of the participants. The data of the matrix also suggests that higher muscle scores are moderately associated with a greater number of physical activities. The findings suggest that even having physical activity does not directly affect physical fitness because it might be due to the intensity of the activity and exercise. Intervention suggests that an increase in physical activity level may lead to an increase in physical fitness and respiratory function. Higher levels of physical activity should be promoted among SHS Students for improved physical fitness and respiratory function
Creating a meal recommender system using the K-nearest neighbor algorithm
No full textThe study aims to create a food recommender system that makes recommendations for a balanced meal to address the Philippines\u27 continuous yearly rise in the proportion of overweight people. In order to do this, the researchers used open-source databases to compile detailed data on a range of food items, including their coresponding food groups, nutritional information, and serving sizes. The developed program can produce meal combinations with three food items with a balanced ratio or individually serve as a significant source of macronutrients per meal using the KNN algonthm. Through experimentation, the study generated ten outputs for each predetermined macronutrient ratio as part of the review process, resulting in 400 recommendations. Tests for four distinct preset macronutrient ratios produced results of three food items, and each food category\u27s reduced database contained 150 randomly selected items per food group for a total of 450 food items to choose from per subset of the database. The meal presets are as follows: ideal meal ratio, low-fat, low-carb, and high-protein meal ratios. The mean total percentage error is 0.8256% for all test cases combined. For individual test cases, the percentage error for protein is 0.6029%; for carbohydrates, it is 0.5389%: and for fat, it is 1.3349%. The mean running time for all test cases is 6.75 seconds. The program\u27s ability to generate appropriate outcomes with minimal error and fast running speed by utilizing the user\u27s supplied macronutrient and calorie ratios is essential as it advances the development of health-promoting strategies for dietary management. Through this study, the utilization of the KNN algorithm was successfully implemented
Optimizing rural healthcare accessibility : healthcare facilities placement via multiple BFS
No full textThis internship program investigated using Minimum Breadth-First Search (MBFS) to optimize healthcare facility placement in rural areas. A program was developed to find placements that minimize travel distance for residents. The MBFS algorithm explored possible facility locations within a grid-based model representing a rural area. The location with the lowest score was identified as optimal. This project contributes to improving healthcare access in rural areas by suggesting MBFS as a tool for optimizing facility placement
Analysis of Market Options of Rambutan Farmers in San Pablo, Laguna, 2023
No full textRambutan cultivation held significant economic importance in the agricultural landscape of Laguna, particularly in the municipality of San Pablo. This study examined the market options adopted by rambutan farmers in the municipality, alongside the factors that influenced their decisions and the challenges encountered in the process. A survey- based approach was employed, engaging 108 randomly selected farmers across 16 barangays. The market options and outlets compared were contract market 1 (CM1), contract market 2 (CM2), selling to wholesalers, selling to retailers, and selling to consumers. The findings revealed that farmers with higher educational attainment tended to favor selling to the non-contract market outlets, while those with immediate financial needs preferred contract market options due to prompt payment. Furthermore, the presence of familial labor significantly impacted farmers\u27 choices, with family labor often choosing one of the non-contract market outlets. Multinomial logit regression analysis indicated that the factors affecting farmers\u27 marketing decisions were educational attainment, immediate need for cash, unpaid familial labor, and availability of vehicle and equipment. Contrary to previous studies, age and farm proximity to markets were found to have no influence on marketing preferences. Among all the contract and non-contract options, selling to retailers had the highest net profit, followed by selling to wholesalers, CM2, CM1, and selling to consumers, which had the lowest net profit. This, along with the ROA ratios, demonstrated that selling to retailers was the most profitable option, while selling to consumers was the least profitable. The most cost-efficient option was CM1, followed by CM2, selling to retailers, selling to wholesalers, and selling to consumers. Notable problems encountered included price fluctuations, wastage, buyer scarcity, market access difficulties, and input cost burdens. The 2023 season witnessed a notable surplus in rambutan yield, along with price fluctuations and market saturation issues towards the end of the season. Moreover, accessibility constraints stemming from remote farm locations with limited road access posed operational challenges for farmers. Limited market connections were also significant barriers for some farmers