University Knowledge Digital Repository UPLB (University of the Philippines Los Baños)
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Capstone internship at the Samsung Research Philippines with a mini study on : hinto : developeing a jeepney stop optimization system for Calamba-Los Baños route using backtracking and the A-Star algorithm
No full textThe Philippine public land transportation system mainly utilizes jeepneys for travel, which often result in chaotic and unsafe practices due to the lack of centralized planning, leading to congested streets, undisciplined jeepney drivers, and frequent traffic blockages. This study aims to optimize jeepney stop placements using backtracking and the A-star algorithm along the Calamba to Los Baños route to improve public transportation efficiency by minimizing road congestion caused by the bottleneck effect of vehicles. The research models the road network as a weighted graph using GIS data, where intersections and key locations serve as nodes and roads as edges weighted by distance, traffic, and demand. Using a combination of backtracking and the A-star algorithm, the study evaluates various configurations of a fixed number of stops to determine their impact on the commuters’ travel time from residential areas to commercial and high-demand destinations. Population density and establishment data from GIS sources are integrated as parameters to simulate demand, which assigns weights to residential and commercial nodes based on estimated commuter volume. The algorithm identifies optimal stop placements by comparing the total average distance traveled to jeepney stops along with the given parameters mentioned using backtracking. The study’s primary contribution is providing a data-driven framework to support transport planning in areas lacking regulated jeepney loading and unloading systems. Limitations of the study include the use of estimated population distributions and manually tagged road networks due to data availability and time constraints. The model provides adaptable recommendations for stop placement given different stop limits, offering insights into transit optimization for semi-structured urban environments. Using this model, the study is effective in presenting a fixed number of the most efficient jeepney stop combinations along the Calamba-Los Baños route in consideration of the weighted graph, distribution of population per barangay, and the residential and commercial areas within the main road
Capstone internship at the Samsung Research Philippines with a mini-study on : HyTech : developing efficient fire hydrant placements in the municipality of Los Baños using multiple breadth-first search algorithm and greedy algorithm
No full textIn recent years, fire incidents in the Philippines have surged rampantly and significantly, with over 18,000 cases and an estimated ₱15 billion in damages recorded by the Bureau of Fire Protection in 2024 alone. In response, this study introduces HyTech, a program designed to optimize the placement of fire hydrants within the municipality of Los Baños using the Multiple Breadth-First Search (MBFS) algorithm and Greedy algorithm. MBFS, a graph traversal algorithm that explores multiple paths from various sources simultaneously, enables efficient evaluation of fire coverage. To complement the initial randomization of hydrant placements, Greedy algorithm is used to refine these placements by prioritizing locally optimal solutions. HyTech integrates risk factors such as building density, population density, presence of combustible materials, and historical fire incident data to assign fire susceptibility scores across a 200x200 grid, with each cell representing a 50x50 meter area. Cells are assessed based on proximity to proposed hydrant locations and their corresponding risk values, and scores are calculated using a cost-benefit function that prioritizes high-risk zones while minimizing redundant coverage. While international studies have explored hydrant optimization using algorithms such as Genetic algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization, there remains a noticeable lack of localized research in the Philippine context that integrates legal standards, fire risk factors, and spatial data into a unified model. This study addresses this gap by developing a context-sensitive solution tailored to the urban structures and resource constraints of Los Baños. The program iteratively simulates hydrant placements, refining configurations to enhance both efficiency and coverage. By incorporating GIS data and fire safety indicators into its scoring system, HyTech ensures that each hydrant contributes meaningfully to the overall fire response infrastructure. Ultimately, HyTech offers a data-driven solution focused on enhancing urban fire safety, ameliorating preparedness, reducing response times, and minimizing fire-related incidents
Whish is AI, which is not? examining AI-generated texts from human-written texts through the perspective of select students
No full text10 - Reduced Inequalities
No full text10 - Reduced Inequalitieshttps://www.ukdr.uplb.edu.ph/un-sdgs_images/1009/thumbnail.jp
Influence of Varying Levels of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Inoculant on the Physicochemical Characteristics and Degradation Kinetics of Corn Silage
No full textThis study evaluated the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as an inoculant on the physical (color, odor, texture), chemical characteristics (pH, total soluble sugars [TSS], Flieg point [FP], dry matter [DM], organic matter [OM], ash, crude protein [CP], neutral detergent fiber [NDF], acid detergent fiber [ADF], and hemicellulose), and fermentation kinetics of corn silage. Treatments were 0% (T1), 1% (T2), 2% (T3), and 3% (T4) concentration of L. plantarum applied to corn before ensiling for 21 d. Afterwards, an in situ experiment was immediately conducted to test the digestibility of corn silage at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h using 3 cannulated cows following a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Results showed that T3 obtained an ideal pH value at 3.55 and the highest (p \u3c 0.05) CP content (7.06%). The fiber components (NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose) were not significantly different among treatments. Moreover, T3 had the highest (p \u3c 0.05) soluble fraction for both DM (37.32%) and OM (37.71%), whereas T4 had the highest (p \u3c 0.05) effective degradability (ED) (50.14%). In conclusion, the addition of 2% L. plantarum inoculant improved the physicochemical characteristics and degradation kinetics of corn silage by promoting a rapid and efficient fermentation process that can improve nutrient composition, reduce fermentation losses, and enhance both silage quality and effective DM degradability
Assessment of Water Pollution Levels in Lake Batur, Indonesia and their Effect on Water Weed Presence
Full text linkLake Batur in Bangli Regency, Bali Province is a priority area for ecological quality restoration in Indonesia due to its vulnerability to environmental changes caused by diverse and intensive utilization. Agricultural activities, fisheries, and tourism affect the lake’s water quality, leading to the uncontrolled growth of water weeds such as water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes). To determine the relationship between water quality, community activities, and water weed presence, water samples were collected from 9 locations consisting of residential, tourist, aquaculture, and agricultural areas. In situ analysis was then conducted to measure turbidity, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), total nitrogen, total phosphate, and ammonia levels. Results showed that pH, temperature, DO, total nitrogen, and ammonia levels remain within Indonesia’s Grade I water quality standards, which means that water from the lake is still suitable for drinking and domestic use. However, TDS levels ranged from 712 to 1,950 mg/L in the first sampling and 1,340 to 1,950 mg/L in the second sampling. Additionally, total phosphate levels reached 0.37 mg/L, exceeding Grade IV water quality standards, indicating that the water is only suitable for crop irrigation and similar uses. Although Lake Batur’s water quality index was recorded at 63.64 (moderate quality), it remains highly polluted by household waste, pesticides, chemical fertilizers from conventional agriculture, and waste products from fisheries and livestock farming. Since high phosphate levels trigger the growth and spread of water weeds such as water hyacinth, it is crucial to implement measures and policies to reduce pollution in the areas surrounding Lake Batur, which will help prevent disruptions to the lake’s aquatic ecosystem
Exploring the Influence of Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Behavior on Coffee Consumption among UPLB Students, 2024
No full textCoffee consumption has become an integral part of university students\u27 lifestyles, influenced by various social, behavioral, and nutritional factors. This study examines the relationship between health-related nutritional knowledge, dietary behavior, and coffee consumption among University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) students. Specifically, it aimed to: (1) explore coffee consumption patterns and factors; (2) assess nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior; and (3) analyze factors influencing coffee consumption. Data was collected through an online survey from 536 students across seven UPLB colleges. Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation, and Pearson’s correlation were used for analysis.
Results showed that most respondents consumed coffee at least once daily, with iced coffee as the preferred choice. Consumption was mainly motivated by its perceived effects on energy, focus, and mood, as well as social and relaxing aspects. While 85.6% of respondents had high nutritional knowledge, dietary behavior scores were low (76.5%), indicating a disconnect between knowledge and actual practices. No significant association was found between coffee intake and demographic characteristics, likely due to the sample\u27s homogeneity. Nutritional knowledge did not correlate with coffee intake, suggesting that awareness didn’t strongly influence consumption. A weak negative relationship was found between coffee intake and dietary behavior, indicating that higher consumption might slightly align with poorer dietary habits. A weak positive correlation was also observed between coffee intake and expectations, suggesting that higher consumption is linked to slightly higher expectations of its benefits.
The findings highlight the unique relationship between coffee consumption and health-related factors. Weak correlations suggest that external influences like lifestyle or social settings may shape consumption patterns. Despite high nutritional knowledge, low dietary behavior underscores the need for targeted nutritional education initiatives to address misconceptions about coffee’s health impacts and promote balanced consumption.
The study recommends enhancing education on coffee consumption and health, improving coffee drinking experience to meet student preferences, and conducting further research on other factors influencing consumption. These efforts can help foster informed and healthier coffee consumption practices. The research contributes valuable insights into coffee\u27s role in UPLB\u27s academic and social culture, benefiting both the university and the coffee industry
Antimicrobial Activity in Auxin-Induced Formation of In Vitro Culture- Derived Aloe vera Roots
No full textAloe vera is a perennial, succulent plant which has been used in folk medicine for wound-healing, as its roots have been reported to exhibit remarkable antimicrobial properties. However, collecting the roots is detrimental to plant growth and development. Hence, an alternative system of producing A. vera roots must be developed. Tissue culture is a potential tool to obtain A. vera root biomass, which can serve as raw materials for the large-scale production of antimicrobial compounds. In this study, individual shoots taken from the multiple shoot culture of A. vera were induced to form roots in MS medium supplemented with 1 μM of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indolebutyric acid (IBA), and indoleacetic acid (IAA). Among these 3 auxins tested, NAA was found to be the most effective auxin for root induction in tissue culture of A. vera, resulting in the induction of 10.7 ± 4.0 roots. IBA and IAA induced a lower number of roots at 2.0 ± 1.0 and 1.7 ± 1.2, respectively. Two-month-old in vitro culturederived roots were extracted and assayed for antimicrobial activity. The extract from in vitro culture-derived roots was found to have remarkable antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Ralstonia solanacearum, and the molds Fusarium oxysporum and Cercospora capsici with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 15.60, 31.25, 62.50, 62.50, 31.25, and 62.50 μg mL–1, respectively. In addition, the extract from in vitro culture-derived roots was found to exhibit higher antimicrobial activity than the root extract from field-grown A. vera. This demonstrates the potential of in vitro culture-derived roots of A. vera as a sustainable source of antimicrobial compounds
Body weight vs. milk production : identifying the optimal blocking factor of dairy cattle for methane emission eduction
No full textThis study aimed to assess the influence of body weight and milk production on methane yield (g CH4
/kg DMI) in dairy cattle. CH4 emissions and daily dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded from 16 Holstein × Jersey dairy cattle subjected to four diets commonly used by Filipino farmers. The experimentation procedure involved three stages: pre-trial (14d), adaptation (14d), and experimental stages (7d). Cows were fed experimental diets and, during the experimental stage, placed in headbox respiration chambers where CH4 emissions were measured using a gas analyzer. Correlation analysis examined the relationships between CH4 yield, milk production, and body weight. The results were used to develop a predictive model based on body weight and milk production. Kruskal-Wallis test showed no statistically significant differences in CH4 yield among blocks based on milk production (p = 0.1681) or body weight (p = 0.5484). However, further analysis showed a moderately strong and positive correlation between milk production and CH4 yield (r = 0.5343, p = 0.0599) while a non-significant correlation between body weight and CH4 yield (r = -0.1250, p = 0.6841), indicating that milk production is a more significant factor in CH4 yield. Meanwhile, the developed predictive model (CH4 yield = 16.1164 + 0.9132 x average milk production) was statistically significant (p = 0.0599) and was able to explain 28.85% of the variations in the methane yield within the dataset. Based on these findings, milk production is recommended as the more appropriate blocking factor in future CH4 emission studies, as it demonstrated a stronger relationship with CH4 yield compared to body weight. These results emphasize the importance of considering other factors like feed composition and rumen function. Additionally, future research should use larger sample sizes, evaluate native cattle breeds, and explore dietary supplements such as seaweed to reduce CH4 emissions
The influence of convenience stores on the dietary habits of UPRHS Senior High School Students
No full textConvenience store food consumption is often influenced by time and financial constraints. A recent study explored the connection between frequency of visits to convenience stores and dietary habits, comparing the health of those who frequently eat convenience store food with those who cook or eat out. Previous researches do not completely examine how time and financial constraints drive convenience store food choices and their long-term health impacts, warranting further investigation. The study aimed to explore how convenience stores influence the dietary habits of UPRHS Senior High School students. The study employed a quantitative approach using a Likert-scale survey adapted from existing instruments. Data were collected from 219 out of 250 eligible participants to examine how convenience, affordability, and time constraints shape food choices. Descriptive and inferential analyses via Jamovi revealed that while students believe home-cooked meals are healthier, convenience, affordability, and proximity are stronger factors in choosing convenience store food. The findings also highlighted the health risks of convenience store dining and emphasized the need for greater awareness and improvements in food options for Filipino consumers. Despite awareness of health risks, students feel less healthy after consuming such meals, but this does not significantly change their eating habits. Practical factors like time and cost outweigh health concerns, and while students are aware of nutritional content, it only slightly influences healthier choices. The study highlights the need for more awareness and improvements in food options for Filipino consumers. In conclusion, the research suggests that awareness campaigns and nutritional education alone may not be enough to change students’ eating habits. More comprehensive interventions are needed, addressing both knowledge gaps and practical barriers, while making healthy options more convenient, affordable, and accessible