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Margen y umbral: La práctica del cuaderno en María Zambrano, Carmen Martín Gaite, José Ángel Valente y Joan Margarit
No full textEl presente trabajo trata sobre el cuaderno, entendido a la vez como soporte material y como práctica de escritura consagrada a la creación literaria e intelectual. El cuaderno es para muchos escritores un espacio privado de trabajo, al margen de la obra, donde se anotan ideas y apuntes al vuelo, notas de lectura o reflexiones personales; pero es también el umbral de la escritura, donde se prepara el libro futuro. Este objeto, conocido en la crítica francesa, apenas ha sido estudiado en la tradición hispánica, por lo que la presente tesis plantea una reflexión teórica sobre la práctica del cuaderno en las letras españolas. Para ello, se propone un análisis comparado de los cuadernos manuscritos originales de cuatro autores españoles cuya obra se desarrolló principalmente en la segunda mitad del siglo XX: María Zambrano, Carmen Martín Gaite, José Ángel Valente y Joan Margarit.This thesis studies writers’ notebooks as a material object and a writing practice devoted to literary and intellectual creation. For many writers, the notebook is a private writing space, separate from the work, where ideas, reading notes or personal reflections are scribbled down spontaneously. However, it can also be the threshold of writing, a place where the work to come is prepared. This object, known in French criticism, has barely been studied in the Hispanic tradition, this is why this dissertation proposes a theoretical reflection on the practice of the notebook in Spanish literature. The thesis proposes a comparative analysis of
the original handwritten notebooks of four Spanish authors whose work was developed mainly in the second half of the 20th century: María Zambrano, Carmen Martín Gaite, José Ángel Valente and Joan Margarit.Programa de Doctorat en Humanitat
Synthetically programmed antioxidant delivery by a domesticated skin commensal
No full textBacteria represent a promising dynamic delivery system for the treatment of disease. In the skin, the relevant location of Cutibacterium acnes within the hair follicle makes this bacterium an attractive chassis for dermal biotechnological applications. Here, we provide a genetic toolbox for the engineering of this traditionally intractable bacterium, including basic gene expression tools, biocontainment strategies, markerless genetic engineering, and dynamic transcriptional regulation. As a proof of concept, we develop an antioxidant-secreting strain capable of reducing oxidative stress in a UV stress model.The authors thank master’s students Marta Fa, Patricia Tresguerres, Anastasiya Petrenko, Carmen Argilés Rodríguez, and Saptashwa Datta and bachelor’s students Lucía López Alcaide, Roger Torra Vaquero, and Zeynep Yeni for their technical assistance during their research internships. In addition, we would like to thank Cristina Fernandez for her support and technical assistance. We would also like to thank Dr. Holger Brüggemann and Dr. Rolf Lood for kindly providing the AD24 and 09-9 C. acnes strains, respectively. This project was funded by SKINDEV “Skin microbial devices” by the European Innovation Council (EIC Pathfinder) (grant agreement no. 101098826) and the Office of Naval Research (award N62909-18-1-2155). J.S.-M. was funded by a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 882387), a Juan de la Cierva Incorporación Fellowship (grant no. IJC2020-043621-I funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR), and a DCEXS MM postdoctoral project (Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu, funded by the AEI, ref. no. CEX2018-000792-M). G.N. was funded by an FI Fellowship (AGAUR-Catalan Government) co-funded by the European Social Fund (award 2020 FI-B 00107)
Dendritic cell phagosomes recruit GRASP55 for export of antigen-loaded MHC molecules
No full textDendritic cells (DCs) present exogenous antigens via major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules, activating CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. A critical but poorly understood step in this process is the trafficking of peptide-loaded MHC molecules from the endocytic system to the cell surface. In this study, we demonstrate that the Golgi reassembly-stacking protein of 55 kDa (GRASP55), which has been shown to have no role in stacking, is essential for antigen presentation. Using soluble, bead-coated, and bacterial-bound antigens, we found significantly impaired exogenous antigen presentation in GRASP55-deficient bone-marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). Notably, GRASP55 was recruited to late phagosomes, and our data suggest that it is crucial for sorting MHC-I and MHC-II molecules, facilitating their trafficking to the plasma membrane. Our findings highlight the vital role of GRASP55 in the intracellular transport of MHC molecules bound to their respective peptides during exogenous antigen presentation
Geometric thermodynamics of reaction-diffusion systems: Thermodynamic trade-off relations and optimal transport for pattern formation
No full textWe establish universal relations between pattern formation and dissipation with a geometric approach to nonequilibrium thermodynamics of deterministic reaction-diffusion systems. We first provide a way to systematically decompose the entropy production rate based on the orthogonality of thermodynamic forces, thereby identifying the amount of dissipation caused by each factor. This enables us to extract the excess entropy production rate that genuinely contributes to the time evolution of patterns. We also show that a similar geometric method further decomposes the entropy production rate into detailed contributions, e.g., the dissipation from each point in real or wavenumber space. Second, we relate the excess entropy production rate to the details of the change in patterns through two types of thermodynamic trade-off relations for reaction-diffusion systems: thermodynamic speed limits and thermodynamic uncertainty relations. The former relates dissipation and the speed of pattern formation, and the latter bounds the excess entropy production rate with partial information on patterns, such as specific Fourier components of concentration distributions. In connection with the derivation of the thermodynamic speed limits, we also extend optimal transport theory to reaction-diffusion systems, which enables us to measure the speed of the time evolution. This extension of optimal transport also solves the minimization problem of the dissipation associated with the transition between two patterns, and constructs energetically efficient protocols for pattern formation. We numerically demonstrate our results using chemical traveling waves in the Fisher–Kolmogorov–Petrovsky–Piskunov equation and changes in symmetry in the Brusselator model. Our results apply to general reaction-diffusion systems and contribute to understanding the relations between pattern formation and unavoidable dissipation.The authors thank Naruo Ohga for fruitful discussions on thermodynamic bounds. K.Y., A.K., and S.I. thank Andreas Dechant for fruitful discussions on the geometric decomposition. R.N. thanks Yasushi Okada for fruitful discussions on thermodynamics of RDSs. S.I. thanks Masafumi Oizumi and Daiki Sekizawa for fruitful discussions on the geometric decomposition. This research was supported by JSR Fellowship, the University of Tokyo. K.Y. is supported by Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows Grant No. 22J2161. A.K. received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101068029 and support from Grant 62417 from the John Templeton Foundation. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the John Templeton Foundation. S.I. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grants No. 19H05796, No. 21H01560, No. 22H01141, No. 23H00467, and No. 24H00834, JST ERATO Grant No. JPMJER2302, and UTEC-UTokyo FSI Research Grant Program
Análisis de los núcleos temáticos en las narrativas de mujeres migrantes. La deixis como mecanismo de expresión de identidad y pertenencia en mujeres migrantes
No full textTreball de fi de grau en Doble grau en Traducció i Interpretació i Llengües aplicadesTutora: Carme BachEsta investigación analiza los discursos de cuatro mujeres migrantes en Barcelona, obtenidos a través de entrevistas etnográficas semidirigidas, desde una perspectiva de género y con un enfoque doble. La primera parte se centra en los núcleos temáticos relacionados con sus experiencias migratorias; la segunda, en el uso de los pronombres personales como mecanismo de expresión identitaria y de construcción discursiva del endogrupo y del exogrupo. La metodología principal ha sido el análisis del discurso, apoyado por el software atlas.ti. Los resultados muestran que las participantes se enfrentaron a múltiples dificultades a lo largo de sus trayectorias migratorias, especialmente en la etapa inicial, cuando algunas de ellas se vieron obligadas a aceptar empleos de la economía sumergida por la falta de documentación. También destacan las relaciones familiares transnacionales, marcadas por una fuerte carga emocional en los relatos debido a la separación geográfica de las familias. En la segunda parte del estudio, centrada en la deixis personal, se observa un uso predominante del pronombre explícito de la primera persona del singular (yo) como forma de construir el relato individual. En cuanto a la primera persona del plural (nosotros), se identifican tres colectivos que conforman el endogrupo: la familia, otras personas migrantes y quienes proceden del mismo país. Esta división se reproduce en la construcción del exogrupo, expresado a través del pronombre ellos, que incluye referencias al país de acogida, a los empleadores y a otros migrantes. Las entrevistas ponen de manifiesto que las dificultades vividas por las participantes contribuyen a una percepción negativa del exogrupo y, como consecuencia, incluso en los casos en que las informantes ya poseen la nacionalidad española, no incorporan el país de acogida dentro de su endogrupo identitario.Aquesta investigació analitza els discursos de quatre dones migrants a Barcelona a partir d’entrevistes etnogràfiques semidirigides, amb una perspectiva de gènere i un doble enfocament analític. La primera part se centra en els principals nuclis temàtics relacionats amb l’experiència migratòria de les participants; la segona, en l’ús dels pronoms personals com a eina d’expressió identitària i de construcció discursiva de l’endogrup i de l’exogrup. Per dur a terme l’estudi, s’ha emprat l’anàlisi del discurs com a metodologia principal i el programari atlas.ti com a suport tècnic. Els resultats mostren que les informants han afrontat nombroses dificultats al llarg del seu procés migratori, especialment en l’etapa inicial, quan algunes d’elles es van veure obligades, per la manca de documentació, a acceptar feines en l’economia submergida. També destaquen les relacions familiars transnacionals, que tenen un fort impacte emocional en els relats a causa de la separació geogràfica de les famílies. Pel que fa a l’anàlisi pronominal, s’ha observat un ús predominant del pronom explícit de la primera persona del singular (yo) com a forma de construcció del relat personal. Quant als pronoms de primera persona del plural (nosotros), s’identifiquen tres grups que conformen l’endogrup: la família, les persones migrants i les originàries del mateix país. Aquesta divisió es reprodueix en la construcció de l’exogrup, expressada mitjançant el pronom ellos, que inclou referències al país d’acollida, als ocupadors i a altres migrants. Les entrevistes permeten veure que les experiències negatives durant el procés migratori influeixen en una percepció negativa de l’exogrup i això fa que, malgrat que algunes participants ja disposin de la nacionalitat espanyola, no incorporin el país d’acollida dins el seu endogrup identitari.This study analyzes the discourse of four migrant women living in Barcelona, based on semi-structured ethnographic interviews, from a gender perspective and through a twofold analytical approach. The first part focuses on key thematic areas related to their migration experiences; the second examines the use of personal pronouns as tools for identity expression and the discursive construction of ingroups and outgroups. Discourse analysis is used as the main methodological framework, supported by the qualitative analysis software atlas.ti. Findings reveal that the participants faced significant challenges during their migration journeys, especially in the initial phase, when the lack of legal documentation often led them to accept jobs in the informal labor market. Transnational family ties emerge as particularly relevant, with strong emotional implications in their narratives due to the geographic separation. In the analysis of personal deixis, first-person explicit singular pronouns in Spanish (yo) are notably frequent, highlighting the centrality of individual narrative construction. Regarding the first-person plural (nosotros), three groups are identified as part of the ingroup: the family, other migrants, and people from the same country. This tripartite division is mirrored in the outgroup, marked by the third-person plural (ellos), which refers to the host country, the employers, and other migrants. The interviews reveal that the difficulties experienced throughout the migration process contribute to a negatively connoted perception of the outgroup and, consequently, even when some participants have acquired Spanish citizenship, the host country is not incorporated into their discursive ingroup
Epitranscriptomic rRNA fingerprinting reveals tissue-of-origin and tumor-specific signatures
No full textMammalian ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules are highly abundant RNAs, decorated with over 220 rRNA modifications. Previous works have shown that some rRNA modification types can be dynamically regulated; however, how and when the mammalian rRNA modification landscape is remodeled remains largely unexplored. Here, we employ direct RNA sequencing to chart the human and mouse rRNA epitranscriptome across tissues, developmental stages, cell types, and disease. Our analyses reveal multiple rRNA sites that are differentially modified in a tissue- and/or developmental stage-specific manner, including previously unannotated modified sites. We demonstrate that rRNA modification patterns can be used for tissue and cell-type identification, which we hereby term "epitranscriptomic fingerprinting." We then explore rRNA modification patterns in normal-tumor matched samples from lung cancer patients, finding that epitranscriptomic fingerprinting accurately classifies clinical samples into normal and tumor groups from only 250 reads per sample, demonstrating the potential of rRNA modifications as diagnostic biomarkers
Escudriñando las materialidades de Tåno' Låguas yan Gåni entre 1500 AEC y el 1898 EC: el aprendizaje transgeneracional como dinámica histórica de reexistencia comunitaria
No full textEn esta investigación reivindico el aprendizaje transgeneracional como dinámica histórica de re-existencia comunitaria y las posibilidades que su estudio crea para descolonizar la historia y la educación de Tåno’ Låguas yan Gåni y de España, así como para colaborar en la reparación de los daños históricos del colonialismo español en Tåno’ Låguas yan Gåni. Para ello, rastreo la historicidad de las materialidades en el registro arqueológico y documental de Tåno’ Låguas yan Gåni desde el comienzo de su poblamiento (1500 AEC) hasta el final del dominio colonial español (1898 EC), a la par que corroboro las siguientes hipótesis: [1] los proyectos de escolarización que se dieron durante la época colonial española del archipiélago (1668 EC – 1898 EC) supusieron la implementación de un orden social patriarcal, edadista y capacitista; [2] en situaciones coloniales las dinámicas propias del aprendizaje transgeneracional se convierten en dinámicas de re-existencia comunitaria; y, por último, [3] los procesos que permiten contrastar las hipótesis 1 y 2 pueden materializarse en un recurso didáctico y colaborar en la reparación histórica del colonialismo de una ex metrópoli.In this research I claim transgenerational learning as a historical dynamic of
community re-existence and the possibilities its study creates for decolonising the
history and education of Tåno‘ Låguas yan Gåni and Spain, as well as for
collaborating in repairing the historical damage of Spanish colonialism in Tåno’
Låguas yan Gåni. To this end, I trace the historicity of materialities in the
archaeological and documentary record of Tåno' Låguas yan Gåni from the
beginning of its settlement (1500 BCE) to the end of Spanish colonial rule (1898
CE), as well as corroborate the following hypotheses: [1] the schooling projects
that occurred during the Spanish colonial period of the archipelago (1668 CE -
1898 CE) involved the implementation of a patriarchal, ageist and ableist social
order; [2] in colonial situations the dynamics of transgenerational learning
become dynamics of community re-existence; and, finally, [3] the processes that
allow to contrast hypotheses 1 and 2 can be materialised in a didactic resource
and collaborate in the historical reparation of the colonialism of a former
metropolisPrograma de Doctorat en Històri
Enabling empirical analysis of piano performance rehearsal with the Rach3 MIDI dataset
No full textComunicació presentat a [nom, lloc i data del congrés] 26th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2025), celebrada a Daejeon (Korea) del 21 al 25 de Setembre de 2025The study of piano rehearsals can offer interesting insights into the strategies adopted by a pianist in order to learn, interpret and eventually perform musical pieces. The analysis of rehearsal processes requires computational methods that differ from those used for piano performance, due to challenges like mistakes, repetitions of musical segments, or forward and backward skips to sections in the piece. The scarcity of publicly available rehearsal data limits the empirical understanding of these challenges. We release the Rach3 MIDI Dataset, an openly available collection of MIDI files containing more than 750 hours of recordings of piano rehearsals and corresponding MusicXML scores by four pianists (3 advanced, 1 beginner), collected over a period of more than 4 years. This dataset records the progression of pianists learning new repertoire, as well as practicing familiar pieces, all in the Western Classical tradition. We describe the rehearsal piece identification process used for automatically labeling a portion of the data in this release. Furthermore, we use the Rach3 data to highlight several challenges and future research directions pertaining to the computational analysis of piano rehearsals, specifically symbolic rehearsal-to-score align-ment, rehearsal structure analysis, and automatic mistake identification.This work has been supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), grant agreement PAT 8820923 (“Rach3: A Computational Approach to Study Piano Rehearsals”), by the European Research Council (ERC) under the EU’s Horizon 2020 research & innovation programme, grant agreement No. 101019375 (“Whither Music?”), by IA y Música: Cátedra en Inteligencia Artificial y Música" (TSI-100929-2023-1), funded by the Secretaría de Estado de Digitalización e Inteligencia Artificial, and the European Union-Next Generation EU, under the program Cátedras ENIA 2022 para la creación de cátedras universidad empresa en IA, and the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence scheme, project number 262762
De novo molecular design through RL-based generative models
No full textTreball de fi de grau en Bioinformàtica. Curs 2024-2025Tutors: Alexis Molina i Álvaro CiudadA mesura que el camp avança i hi ha més dades disponibles, l’aprenentatge profund està revolucionant totes les etapes en el desenvolupament de medicaments. Per la identificació de petits fàrmacs es poden emprar models generatius per reduir la llista de candidats. Presentem un model generatiu basat en aprenentatge per reforç que construeix grafs moleculars mitjançant la incorporació o eliminació d’àtoms, fragments i enllaços. El model inclou un entorn amb informació química, un agent d’aprenentatge profund, una funció de recompensa que avalua les molècules i el disseny d’un mecanisme per introduir coneixement previ al procés de generació.A medida que el campo avanza y hay más datos disponibles, el aprendizaje profundo está revolucionando todas las etapas en el desarrollo de fármacos. Para la identificación de pequeños fármacos se pueden emplear modelos generativos para reducir la lista de candidatos. Presentamos un modelo generativo basado en aprendizaje por refuerzo que construye grafos moleculares mediante la incorporación o eliminación de átomos, fragmentos y enlaces. El modelo incluye un
entorno con información química, un agente de aprendizaje profundo, una función
de recompensa para evaluar las moléculas y el diseño de un mecanismo para
introducir conocimiento previo en el proceso de generación.As the field advances and more data becomes available, deep learning is revolutionizing all stages of drug discovery. For the identification of small drug
molecules, which is a critical step in the process, generative models can be used to
narrow the set of candidates. We present an RL-based generative model that builds molecular graphs through the addition or removal of scaffolds and bonds. The approach encompasses a chemically aware environment, a deep learning agent, a reward function that evaluates the molecules, and the design of a mechanism to introduce prior knowledge in the generation process
The UN’s sustainable development goal 5 in New Caledonia: gender-based violence in the indigenous Kanak community
No full textBachelor's degree in Global Studies. Curs 2024-2025Tutora: Meritxell Joan RodríguezThis dissertation examines the intersecting systems of oppression, embedded in a complex socio-political context still deeply marked by colonial legacies, that disproportionately expose Kanak women to high levels of gender-based violence (GBV). Despite formal political advancements and alignment with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5), particularly with regard to increasing women’s political representation, the prevalence of violence against women highlights the ineffective state and customary mechanisms in addressing the intersecting vulnerabilities faced by Kanak women. The adopted theoretical framework –grounded in decolonial and intersectional feminist theory, and indigenous epistemologies, and informed by legal and sociological analyses– aims to examine how French colonialism contributed to further legitimizing patriarchal structures and normalizing GBV in New Caledonia. The central argument is that GBV in the Kanak community is not an isolated phenomenon but the result of entrenched colonial and patriarchal systems that continue to marginalize indigenous women through both structural inequalities and traditional cultural norms.
Through historical analyses, contemporary data and a key informant interview, the dissertation studies the prevalence of GBV within the Kanak community as a critical symptom of ongoing coloniality in the territory. The study, thus, emphasizes the need for an intersectional and situated response that puts Kanak women’s voices at the center, promotes a broad and inclusive understanding of New Caledonia’s values and identity, and embraces decolonial and regional strategies for achieving gender equality in New Caledonia