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Survival and revival of Catalan civil law: from the Nueva Planta Decree to the Civil Code of Catalonia
No full textThis article outlines the evolution of Catalan law over the three centuries spanning from the Nueva Planta Decree (1716) to the ap-proval of the last book of the Civil Code of Catalonia (2017). During this time, Catalan law survived despite the Spanish State's vari-ous attempts to suppress it and to legally assimilate Catalonia into the law of Castile. The tenacity and perseverance of both Catalan jurists and Catalan society as a whole made it possible to conserve and revive this law, which is one of the features shaping Catalan identity
Association of cut-point free metrics and common clinical tests among older adults after proximal femoral fracture
No full textWearable and lightweight devices facilitate real-world physical activity (PA) assessments. MX metrics, as a cut-point-free parameter, evaluate acceleration above which the most active X minutes are accumulated. It provides insights into the intensity of PA over specific durations. This study evaluated the association of MX metrics and clinical tests in older adults recovering from proximal femoral fracture (PFF). Analyses were conducted on the PFF cohort from the baseline assessment of the Mobilise-D project using an accelerometer-based device. Participants (N = 396) were categorized into four recovery groups: acute, post-acute, extended recovery, and long-term recovery. Mobility capacity was assessed through the 6 min walking test (6MinWT), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), 4-m walking test (4MWT), and hand grip (HG) strength. Mobility perception was evaluated using the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI). Eight MX metrics (M1-M90) were calculated using the GGIR package in R. Results showed a moderate to strong positive correlation between M1 and M30 and lower limb mobility capacity tests and mobility perception (Lower Extremity domains) particularly in the extended and long-term recovery groups. MX metrics can be used for measuring PA intensity among older adults recovering from PFF. Hence, MX metrics have a high potential for clinical use as personalized PA targets in PFF rehabilitation.H.Y. has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101034252. This research is supported by Taighde Éireann—Research Ireland. The Mobilise-D consortium received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 820820. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and EFPIA
Psycholinguistic probing of language models' internal layers
No full textTreball de fi de màster en Lingüística Teòrica i AplicadaDirectors: : Dra. Dra. Iria de Dios Flores i Dr. Corentin KervadecThis study investigates how transformer-based large language models (LLMs) resolve subject–verb agreement across syntactic structures of varying complexity and distractor conditions. We hypothesized that LLMs would succeed in simple configurations but struggle under deeper embedding and number mismatches. Using a controlled dataset adapted from psycholinguistic research, we analyze model behavior across six sentence structures, two attractor conditions (mismatch vs. no mismatch), and four lexical variants. Using the Pythia 6.9B model, we apply three evaluation metrics—accuracy, prediction depth, and the Tuned Lens interpretability method—to track how agreement resolution evolves across layers. Results confirm our hypothesis: the model performs reliably in simple structures but fails in deeply embedded object-relative clauses. Prediction depth shows early resolution in simple cases and delayed or failed resolution in complex ones. These findings clarify LLM limitations in syntactic processing and highlight the importance of using linguistically informed evaluation methods to better understand model behavior across structural configurations
El autoencubrimiento impune en derecho penal económico: fundamentos y límites de la impunidad
No full textTreball de Fi de Grau en Dret. Curs 2024-2025Tutora: Nuria Pastor MuñozEl autoencubrimiento es impune porqué es atípico. Esta atipicidad puede justificarse, a su vez en la inexigibilidad de conducta contraria en los casos de
favorecimiento personal y en el agotamiento del delito para los casos de favorecimiento real. El autoencubrimiento es, como regla general, impune en tanto que no se afecten otros bienes jurídicos distintos del que protege el art. 451 CP (Administración de Justicia). Existen casos extraordinarios en qué el autoencubrimiento se considera impune incluso siendo constitutivo de otro tipo penal. En derecho penal económico, la mayoría de conductas encubridoras consisten en falsedades (bien falsedades documentales, bien falsedades contables). En falsedades documentales, se podrá apreciar la impunidad cuando está no tenga potencialidad de perjudicar a un tercero. La impunidad suele sostenerse en base a la inexigibilidad de conducta distinta. Debe apreciarse una menor exigibilidad para aquellos casos en que las falsedades puedan ser lesivas para un tercero, pero su finalidad sea meramente encubridora, ya que no podemos olvidar la situación de conflicto del delincuente. La jurisprudencia suele condenar la falsedad contable en concurso real con el delito precedente. Lo característico de este delito es el potencial perjuicio patrimonial que no quedaría cubierta por el autoencubrimiento. Nuevamente, debe apreciarse una exigibilidad reducida en base al principio de no autoincriminación (recordemos que el administrador tiene deber de colaboración con la Administración, obligación de formular cuentas). Los ilícitos deben tributar, en general no se aprecia la impunidad en base al autoencubrimiento, existen excepciones. Cabe la punición del autoblanqueo de capitales solo cuando exista ánimo de ocultación o encubrimiento.Self-concealment is unpunished because it is atypical. This atypicality can be justified, in turn, by the inexigibility of contrary conduct in cases of personal favoring and by the exhaustion of the crime in cases of real favoring. Self-concealment is, as a general rule, punishable only if it does not affect other legal interests distinct from the one protected by Article 451 of the Penal Code (Administration of Justice). There are extraordinary cases in which self-concealment is considered exempt from punishment even if it constitutes another type of crime. In economic criminal law, most concealing behaviors consist of falsehoods (either documentary falsehoods or accounting falsehoods). In documentary falsifications, impunity can be observed when it does not have the potential to harm a third party. Impunity is often based on the inexigibility of different conduct. A less extensive degree of culpability should be considered for those cases where the falsehoods may harm a third party, but their purpose is merely concealing, as we cannot forget the conflict situation of the offender. Case law usually condemns accounting fraud in conjunction with the preceding crime. The characteristic of this crime is the potential patrimonial harm that would not be covered by self-concealment. Again, a reduced requirement must be appreciated based on the principle of non-self-incrimination (let us remember that the administrator has a duty to collaborate with the Administration, an obligation to render accounts). Illicit activities must be taxed; generally, impunity based on self-concealment is not recognized, though there are exceptions. The punishment for self-laundering of capital is only applicable when there is intent to conceal or cover up
Therapeutic strategies and treatment sequencing in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: An international study of ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL
No full textEssays in Macro-Finance
No full textThis thesis consists of three chapters on firm heterogeneity and the role of credit frictions and
regulatory constraints. The first chapter highlights the role of a gender gap in credit access in
distorting capital allocation across firms, which leads to an output loss of 4% for the US economy.
The second chapter examines corporate borrowing choice and its implications on firm activity. We
document the wide usage of cash flow loans among the largest and smallest firms in the economy,
the latter being in contrast to conventional wisdom that small firms are required to pledge collateral
when they borrow. We further show that firms’ loan type choice correlate with their operating
needs. We propose a firm dynamics model with a collateral cost to explain these facts. The third
chapter proposes a theoretical model that formalizes why a long-lasting period of expansionary
monetary policy may amplify banks’ incentives to rollover loans to unviable firms.Esta tesis consta de tres cap´ıtulos sobre la heterogeneidad de las empresas y el papel de las fricciones
crediticias y las restricciones regulatorias. El primer cap´ıtulo destaca el papel de la brecha
de g´enero en el acceso al cr´edito a la hora de distorsionar la asignaci´on de capital entre empresas,
lo que conduce a una p´erdida de producci´on del 4% para la econom´ıa estadounidense. El segundo
cap´ıtulo examina la elecci´on de endeudamiento corporativo y sus implicaciones en la actividad empresarial.
Documentamos el amplio uso de pr´estamos sin garantia entre las empresas m´as grandes
y m´as peque˜nas de la econom´ıa, lo que contrasta con la sabidur´ıa convencional de que las peque˜nas
empresas deben ofrecer garant´ıas cuando solicitan pr´estamos. Adem´as, mostramos que la elecci´on
del tipo de pr´estamo de las empresas se correlaciona con sus necesidades operativas. Proponemos
un modelo de din´amica de empresas con un costo colateral para explicar estos hechos. El tercer
cap´ıtulo propone un modelo te´orico que formaliza por qu´e un per´ıodo prolongado de pol´ıtica monetaria
expansiva puede amplificar los incentivos de los bancos para refinanciar pr´estamos a empresas
inviables.Programa de Doctorat en Economia, Finances i Empres
Tool for greener tourism: evaluating environmental impacts
No full textTravel and tourism are essential to global economies, generating social, economic, and environmental impacts. However, there is a lack of standardized methodologies to assess the environmental footprint of tourist destinations beyond carbon footprint analysis. This study introduces the Greentour tool, the first of its kind to evaluate the environmental impact of accommodation, restaurants, and tourism activities using nine environmental indicators from a life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective. The tool applies a hybrid bottom-up and top-down approach, integrating data from tourist establishments and destination managers. The tool was tested in four tourist destinations in Spain and Portugal (Rías Baixas, Camino Lebaniego, Lloret de Mar, and Guimarães), revealing that transportation is the primary contributor to environmental impacts, ranging from 60% to 96% of total emissions, particularly in air-travel-dependent destinations. Food and beverage services are the second-largest contributor, accounting for up to 26% of emissions, while accommodation ranks third (1–14%). This study highlights the significant role of electricity consumption and food choices (e.g., red meat and dairy) in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, emphasizing the need for sustainable alternatives. Despite challenges in data collection, particularly for food and transport statistics, the Greentour tool has demonstrated robustness and adaptability across diverse destinations, making it applicable worldwide. This tool provides key insights for policymakers, tourism stakeholders, and businesses, supporting the integration of sustainability strategies into public policies and industry best practices. Future research should focus on expanding its use to additional destinations to foster science-based decision-making and promote more sustainable tourism practices globally
The RMaP challenge of predicting RNA modifications by nanopore sequencing
No full textThe field of epitranscriptomics is undergoing a technology-driven revolution. During past decades, RNA modifications like N6-methyladenosine (m6A), pseudouridine (ψ), and 5-methylcytosine (m5C) became acknowledged for playing critical roles in cellular processes. Direct RNA sequencing by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) enabled the detection of modifications in native RNA, by detecting noncanonical RNA nucleosides properties in raw data. Consequently, the field's cutting edge has a heavy component in computer science, opening new avenues of cooperation across the community, as exchanging data is as impactful as exchanging samples. Therefore, we seize the occasion to bring scientists together within the RNA Modification and Processing (RMaP) challenge to advance solutions for RNA modification detection and discuss ideas, problems and approaches. We show several computational methods to detect the most researched mRNA modifications (m6A, ψ, and m5C). Results demonstrate that a low prediction error and a high prediction accuracy can be achieved on these modifications across different approaches and algorithms. The RMaP challenge marks a substantial step towards improving algorithms' comparability, reliability, and consistency in RNA modification prediction. It points out the deficits in this young field that need to be addressed in further challenges
A qualitative study to explore the patient experience of hypertriglyceridemia-related acute pancreatitis
No full textData de publicació electrònica: 10-04-2025Background: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a common cause of acute pancreatitis (AP) and can be exacerbated by acquired metabolic conditions or rare inherited disorders (eg, familial chylomicronemia syndrome [FCS]), leading to HTG-induced AP (HTG-AP). HTG-AP is associated with severe abdominal pain typically requiring hospitalization and significantly impacts health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Objective: To understand patients' perspectives on the HRQoL impacts of HTG-AP. Methods: Interviews were conducted with adults with severe/very severe HTG and/or FCS, experiencing ≥1 HTG-AP episode in the past 2 years requiring an overnight hospitalization. An interview guide, developed with patient and clinical expert input, explored symptoms, long-term HRQoL impacts, and management of HTG-AP. Participants completed a background questionnaire, the EQ-5D-5L and select items from the PROMIS Profile v1.0-FCS 28 prior to interview. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic and content analysis. Results: Twelve participants completed the study (aged 32-66 years), 3 with genetically confirmed FCS. Participants described a sudden onset of HTG-AP episodes and a gradual recovery following medical intervention (up to several weeks). Participants described substantial symptomatic burden during episodes, including severe abdominal pain, fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, fever, and appetite loss. These impacted psychological wellbeing, relationships, and daily activities. Many of the symptoms and impacts on HRQoL (eg, pain, work impacts) persisted between episodes and had long-term effects. Participants reported substantial lifestyle restrictions (eg, dietary) to manage symptoms. Conclusion: HTG-AP has a substantial symptomatic and HRQoL burden during episodes, which can persist postrecovery. Treatments that reduce the incidence of HTG-AP have potential to improve HRQoL