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MUJERES Y BANDAS. VOCES DESDE DENTRO, RELATO Y REPRESENTACIÓN MEDIÁTICA EN EL PAÍS (2003-2023)
No full textAquesta investigació ofereix una anàlisi exploratòria de la cobertura periodística sobre el fenomen de les bandes al diari espanyol El País entre 2003 i 2023, identificant la seva matriu ideològica i contrastant-la amb testimonis de dones vinculades a aquestes bandes. La investigació incorpora la perspectiva de gènere per revelar patrons relacionats amb la socialització diferenciada de dones i homes tant a les dinàmiques de les bandes, com al discurs mediàtic. Per això, s'ha analitzat una selecció de peces publicades per El País entre els anys 2003 i 2023 i s'han fet entrevistes a nou dones relacionades amb les bandes, per contrastar la informació i l'opinió publicada amb la informació proporcionada pels qui coneixen les bandes des de dins.Esta investigación ofrece un análisis exploratorio de la cobertura periodística sobre el fenómeno de las bandas en el diario español El País entre 2003 y 2023, identificando su matriz ideológica y contrastándola con testimonios de mujeres vinculadas a estas bandas. La investigación incorpora la perspectiva de género para revelar patrones relacionados con la socialización diferenciada de mujeres y hombres tanto en las dinámicas de las bandas, como en el discurso mediático. Para ello, se ha analizado una selección de piezas publicadas por El País entre los años 2003 y 2023 y se han realizado entrevistas a nueve mujeres relacionadas con las bandas, para contrastar la información y la opinión publicada con la información proporcionada por quienes conocen las bandas desde dentro.This research offers an exploratory analysis of the journalistic coverage of the gang phenomenon in the Spanish newspaper El País between 2003 and 2023, identifying its ideological matrix and contrasting it with testimonies from women linked to these gangs. The research incorporates the gender perspective to reveal patterns related to the differentiated socialization of women and men both in the dynamics of the gangs and in the media discourse. To do this, a selection of pieces published by El País between 2003 and 2023 have been analyzed and interviews have been conducted with nine women related to the gangs, to contrast the information and opinion published with the information provided by those who know the gangs from the inside.Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Doctorat en Comunicaci
La subtitulación de webinarios médicos: un análisis comparativo de problemas y técnicas de traducción
No full textTreball d'investigació/Fi de màster. Directors: Dra. Sonia González Cruz i Dr. Joan Parra ContrerasEn este trabajo, se comparan los problemas y técnicas de traducción aplicadas al subtitulado al español de dos webinarios médicos disponibles en YouTube, considerando factores como el registro, los emisores y los destinatarios. La investigación se basa en la clasificación de problemas de traducción de Hurtado Albir (2001) y en las técnicas de traducción propuestas por Molina y Hurtado Albir (2001). Los resultados indican que ambos seminarios presentan principalmente problemas lingüísticos y pragmáticos, y que las técnicas empleadas no varían según el registro, sino que obedecen a otros factores, los cuales no se han podido precisar. Se concluye que la subtitulación médica enfrenta retos específicos relacionados a la terminología y a las limitaciones del formato audiovisual, y se destaca su utilidad como herramienta de divulgación y educación en salud.This final paper compares the translation problems and techniques applied in the Spanish subtitling of two medical webinars available on YouTube, considering factors such as register, speakers, and target audience. The research is based on Hurtado Albir’s (2001) classification of translation problems and the translation techniques proposed by Molina and Hurtado Albir (2001). The results indicate that both webinars mainly present linguistic and pragmatic problems, and that the techniques used do not vary according to the register, but rather to other factors that could not be clearly identified. It is concluded that medical subtitling faces specific challenges related to terminology and the constraints of the audiovisual format, and its usefulness as a tool for health communication and education is highlighted
Auto-induced uplink 4G and 5G RF-EMF exposure assessment using a network monitoring application in different microenvironments across seven European countries
No full textThe auto-induced uplink (a-UL) radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure, often the dominant part of the total RF-EMF exposure, has not been included in previous microenvironmental studies. As 5G exposure depends more on mobile phone usage, monitoring typical transmit power levels is crucial towards more accurate personal exposure assessment. This study describes spatial differences in average mobile phone transmit power and investigates the influence of uplink duty cycles and frequency band usage. A novel methodology using the network monitoring application QualiPoc in fourth-generation (4G) and non-standalone fifth-generation (5G) networks was presented. For the first time, the assessment of 4G and 5G a-UL RF-EMF exposure was conducted simultaneously in a large-scale microenvironmental study in Europe. Measurements were performed along predefined routes in 282 different microenvironments (e.g., parks, residential areas) across seven European countries, during a maximum uplink usage scenario. The Netherlands had the highest average transmit powers per microenvironment (median 20.6 dBm). Transmit powers in villages were 0.6-2.1 dB higher than in big cities. The study suggested that base station density is a key predictor of a-UL exposure. Comparing technologies and frequency bands, average transmit powers for 5G were about 3.3 dB lower than for 4G and lowest for frequency bands with a time division duplexing (TDD) scheme due to the low uplink duty cycle (below 20%). This study provides crucial measurement data for epidemiologists and governments to enhance the understanding of the a-UL component of personal RF-EMF exposure.This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101057262. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Health and Digital Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. We acknowledge support from the grant CEX2023-0001290-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. Mònica Guxens was funded by a Miguel Servet II fellowship (CPII18/00018) awarded by the Spanish Institute of Health Carlos III
¿Crear derecho o pensarlo?: reflexiones jurídicas a propósito del descubrimiento de América
No full textTreball de Fi de Grau en Dret. Curs 2024-2025Tutor: Tomàs De Montagut EstraguésEste trabajo pretende cuestionar cómo de novedoso fue el descubrimiento de América por parte de la Monarquía Universal Hispánica en términos jurídicos. La tesis que se plantea es que, si bien la Conquista ayudó a pensar sobre el Derecho, no ayudó necesariamente a crear Derecho, pues que las principales fuentes jurídicas empleadas estaban ampliamente consolidadas en la tradición jurídica Castellano-continental.Aquest treball pretén qüestionar com de nou va ser el descobriment d'Amèrica per part de la Monarquia Universal Hispànica en termes jurídics. La tesi que es planteja és que, si bé la Conquesta va ajudar a pensar sobre el Dret, no va ajudar necessàriament a crear Dret, atès que les principals fonts jurídiques emprades estaven àmpliament consolidades en la tradició jurídica Castellano-continental.This dissertation aims to question whether the discovery of America by the Hispanic Monarchy was as much of a discovery for Law. The thesis put forward is that, although the conquest helped to think about Law, it did not necessarily help to create Law, since most of the legal sources used were well established in the Castilian-continental legal tradition
Optimal estimation of the local time and the occupation time measure for an α-stable Lévy process
No full textA novel theoretical result on estimation of the local time and the occupation time measure of an α-stable Lévy process with α∈(1,2) is presented. The approach is based upon computing the conditional expectation of the desired quantities given high frequency data, which is an L2-optimal statistic by construction. The corresponding stable central limit theorems are proved and a statistical application is discussed. In particular, this work extends the results of [20], which investigated the case of the Brownian motion.The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support of ERC Consolidator Grant 815703 "STAMFORD: Statistical Methods for High Dimensional Diffusions."
Epigenetic timing effects on child developmental outcomes: a longitudinal meta-regression of findings from the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics Consortium
No full textBackground: DNA methylation (DNAm) is a developmentally dynamic epigenetic process; yet, most epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have examined DNAm at only one timepoint or without systematic comparisons between timepoints. Thus, it is unclear whether DNAm alterations during certain developmental periods are more informative than others for health outcomes, how persistent epigenetic signals are across time, and whether epigenetic timing effects differ by outcome. Methods: We applied longitudinal meta-regression models to published meta-analyses from the PACE consortium that examined DNAm at two timepoints-prospectively at birth and cross-sectionally in childhood-in relation to the same child outcome (ADHD symptoms, general psychopathology, sleep duration, BMI, asthma). These models allowed systematic comparisons of effect sizes and statistical significance between timepoints. Furthermore, we tested correlations between DNAm regression coefficients to assess the consistency of epigenetic signals across time and outcomes. Finally, we performed robustness checks, estimated between-study heterogeneity, and tested pathway enrichment. Results: Our findings reveal three new insights: (i) across outcomes, DNAm effect sizes are consistently larger in childhood cross-sectional analyses compared to prospective analyses at birth; (ii) higher effect sizes do not necessarily translate into more significant findings, as associations also become noisier in childhood for most outcomes (showing larger standard errors in cross-sectional vs prospective analyses); and (iii) DNAm signals are highly time-specific, while also showing evidence of shared associations across health outcomes (ADHD symptoms, general psychopathology, and asthma). Notably, these observations could not be explained by sample size differences and only partly to differential study-heterogeneity. DNAm sites changing associations were enriched for neural pathways. Conclusions: Our results highlight developmentally-specific associations between DNAm and child health outcomes, when assessing DNAm at birth vs childhood. This implies that EWAS results from one timepoint are unlikely to generalize to another. Longitudinal studies with repeated epigenetic assessments are direly needed to shed light on the dynamic relationship between DNAm, development and health, as well as to enable the creation of more reliable and generalizable epigenetic biomarkers. More broadly, this study underscores the importance of considering the time-varying nature of DNAm in epigenetic research and supports the potential existence of epigenetic "timing effects" on child health.The work of AN and CAMC was supported by the European Research Council (TEMPO; grant agreement No 101039672) and the European Union’s HorizonEurope Research and Innovation Programme (FAMILY, grant agreement No 101057529). The work of CAMC is further supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (EarlyCause, grant agreement No 848158; HappyMums, grant agreement No 101057390). CAMC and JFF are supported by the European Union’s Horizon Europe Programme (STAGE project, grant agreement no.101137146). This research was conducted while CAMC was a Hevolution/AFAR New Investigator Awardee in Aging Biology and Geroscience Research. LST was supported by the CAPICE (Childhood and Adolescence Psychopathology: unravelling the complex etiology by a large Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Europe) project, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, Marie Sklodowska Curie Actions – MSCA-ITN-2016 – Innovative Training Networks under grant agreement number 721567. SJL was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH (NIEHS Z01 ES49019). SEH and CMP were partly supported by The Norwegian Research Council no 262700 and the Norwegian Cancer Society project no 244291. See additional file 3 for cohort-specific funding
Prenatal exposure to synthetic phenols assessed in multiple urine samples and dysregulation of steroid hormone homeostasis in two european cohorts
No full textBackground: Some synthetic phenols alter hormonal pathways involved in successful pregnancy and fetal development. Despite high within-subject temporal variability of phenols, previous studies mostly utilized spot urine samples to assess pregnancy exposure. Herein, we investigated associations between pregnancy exposure to eight phenols assessed in multiple pooled urine samples and steroid hormones assessed in maternal hair reflecting cumulative hormone levels over the previous weeks to months. Methods: We assessed phenol-hormone associations in 928 pregnant women from two pooled cohorts recruited in Spain [Barcelona Life Study Cohort (BiSC), 2018-2021] and France [Assessment of Air Pollution exposure during Pregnancy and Effect on Health (SEPAGES), 2014-2017] using pools of up to 21 samples each, collected in early pregnancy (median gestational age: 18.0 wk), as well as hair collected in late pregnancy (BiSC) or at birth (SEPAGES). We measured two bisphenols, four parabens, benzophenone-3, and triclosan along with metabolites of three adrenal (∑cortisol, ∑cortisone, and 11-dehydrocorticosterone) and two reproductive (progesterone and testosterone) hormones. We ran adjusted linear regressions for each exposure biomarker-outcome pair and Bayesian kernel machine regression for phenols mixture. Results: Bisphenol S was associated with higher cortisol and 11-dehydrocorticosterone concentrations. Propylparaben was associated with lower levels of cortisol, cortisone, and 11-dehydrocorticosterone, while methylparaben was linked to a reduction in cortisol levels. Interestingly, associations identified for parabens were stronger for women carrying female fetuses. No associations for phenol mixture were detected. Conclusions: Our study suggests that pregnancy exposure to bisphenol S and some parabens (propyl- and methylparaben) may affect production of maternal corticosteroid hormones that are important for a successful pregnancy and fetal development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15117.This project was supported by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES, HyPAxE project number EST2019/1/039), the French National Agency for Research (ANR, EDeN project number ANR-19-CE36-000301), and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 874583 [ATHLETE]. The SEPAGES cohort was supported by the ANR (MEMORI project number ANR-21-CE34-0022, SYMER project number ANR-15-IDEX-02) and the ANSES (PNREST PENDORE 2018/1/264). Paulina Jedynak was supported by grants from ANR SYMER project number ANR-15-IDEX-02 and ANSES (HyPAxE and PENDORE project numbers EST-2019/1/039 and 2018/1/264). The SEPAGES cohort was supported by the European Research Council (number 311765-E-DOHaD), the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-206, number 308333-892 HELIX), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (number 874583 ATHLETE Project, number 825712 OBERON Project), ANR (PAPER project number ANR-12-PDOC-0029-01; SHALCOH project number ANR-14-CE21-0007, ANR-15-IDEX-02, and ANR-15-IDEX5; GUMME project number ANR-18CE36-005; ETAPE project ANR – EDeN project number ANR-19-CE36-000301; and ORANDANI project number ANR-22-CE36-0018), ANSES (CNAP project number EST-2016-121, HyPAxE project number EST2019/1/039), the Plan Cancer (Canc’Air project), the French Cancer Research Foundation Association de Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC), the French Endowment Fund AGIR for chronic diseases (APMC, projects PRENAPAR, LCI-FOT, DysCard), the French Endowment Fund for Respiratory Health, the French Fund – Fondation de France (CLIMATHES 00081169, SEPAGES 5 – 00099903, ELEMENTUM - 00124527). The BiSC cohort was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (785994 – AirNB project) and the Health Effects Institute (HEI), an organization jointly funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Assistance Award number R-82811201) and certain motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views of HEI or its sponsors nor do they necessarily reflect the views and policies of the EPA or motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. A full list of the funding sources that supported specific parts of the project can be found at https://projectebisc.org/en/funding-sources. Mireia Gascon holds a Miguel Servet fellowship (grant CP19/00183) funded by Acción Estratégica de Salud – Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-funded by European Social Fund “Investing in your future.” Ioar Rivas received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement number 886121 and Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RYC2021-032781-I), funded by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union «NextGenerationEU»/PRTR. ISGlobal acknowledges support from the grant CEX2018-000806-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. Vicente Mustieles was supported by a Sara Borrell postdoctoral research contract (CD22/00176), granted by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain) and «NextGenerationEU» funds. Isabelle Ouellet-Morin is the Canadian Research Chair in the Developmental Origins of Vulnerability and Resilience
Hosting a football club as a source of social trust and civic pride
No full textThis research conducted an analysis to ascertain the role that a professional sports club plays in the development of social capital and civic pride within its host community. We analysed the determinants of social trust and civic pride by means of an ordered Probit model and a standard binary Probit model based on the information provided in a survey. Our results suggest the existence of a link between club identification and civic pride, but there is no relationship with social trust (the proxy of social capital). The proposed models offer a clearer understanding of the intangible and indirect impacts on a community associated with hosting a professional football club. They emphasize certain social and community impacts that exhibit characteristics of non-pecuniary public goods.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades [Grant number PID2020-115018RB-C31 and Grant number ID2023-147602OB-I00]
k-mer manifold approximation and projection for visualizing DNA sequences
No full textIdentifying and illustrating patterns in DNA sequences are crucial tasks in various biological data analyses. In this task, patterns are often represented by sets of k-mers, the fundamental building blocks of DNA sequences. To visually unveil these patterns, one could project each k-mer onto a point in two-dimensional (2D) space. However, this projection poses challenges owing to the high-dimensional nature of k-mers and their unique mathematical properties. Here, we establish a mathematical system to address the peculiarities of the k-mer manifold. Leveraging this k-mer manifold theory, we develop a statistical method named KMAP for detecting k-mer patterns and visualizing them in 2D space. We applied KMAP to three distinct data sets to showcase its utility. KMAP achieves a comparable performance to the classical method MEME, with ∼90% similarity in motif discovery from HT-SELEX data. In the analysis of H3K27ac ChIP-seq data from Ewing sarcoma (EWS), we find that BACH1, OTX2, and KNCH2 might affect EWS prognosis by binding to promoter and enhancer regions across the genome. We also observe potential colocalization of BACH1, OTX2, and the motif CCCAGGCTGGAGTGC in ∼70 bp windows in the enhancer regions. Furthermore, we find that FLI1 binds to the enhancer regions after ETV6 degradation, indicating competitive binding between ETV6 and FLI1. Moreover, KMAP identifies four prevalent patterns in gene editing data of the AAVS1 locus, aligning with findings reported in the literature. These applications underscore that KMAP can be a valuable tool across various biological contexts
Inteligencia artificial en revisiones de la literatura para tesis doctorales: procedimientos, riesgos, implicaciones éticasy declaración
No full textLa presentación aborda el uso de inteligencia artificial (IA) en tesis doctorales, especialmente su aplicación en revisiones de la literatura y scoping reviews. Se destaca que la IA puede ofrecer asistencia significativa en tareas como búsquedas exploratorias, exploración de marcos teóricos y metodológicos, y categorización de documentos, pero advierte sobre los riesgos de reemplazar competencias humanas, lo que genera una “deuda cognitiva” y debilita el proceso de formación investigadora.
Se subraya la importancia ética de que el investigador mantenga responsabilidad total sobre el contenido, aplicando pensamiento crítico, verificación de fuentes y edición personalizada antes de incorporar aportes de IA. El trabajo académico debe ser evaluativo y cualquier uso sustancial de IA debe declararse conforme a normativas institucionales y recomendaciones internacionales.
La presentación analiza los riesgos del uso de sistemas de inteligencia artificial para generar revisiones de la literatura completas y señala que estas carecen de validez y de fiabilidad al ser generadas enteramente sin control humano. Además, con las revisiones de la literatura generadas por IA se pierden los bienes de proceso, esto es, la formación del doctorando.
La presentación propone modelos como la interacción humano-IA en ciclos escalonados (“human-in-the-loop”) y el marco Veritas para transformar, verificar y atribuir los contenidos generados por IA. Aunque se reconoce la utilidad de la IA en tareas exploratorias y metodológicas, se concluye que no puede sustituir el análisis ni la síntesis en revisiones de la literatura en tesis doctorales