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Consensus on the detection and management of patients with depression and pain as an associated somatic symptom
No full textIntroduction: Globally, depression is the most common psychiatric disorder and is frequently associated with somatic symptom disorders, including pain as a physical symptom. There is a current need to improve the detection and management of the individuals in which depression and pain coexist. Hence, the aim of this document is to provide recommendations in the diagnosis and management of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who have pain as a physical symptom (PPS), in order to reduce the variability of clinical practice. Material and methods: The methodology used is based on the internationally recognized RAND/UCLA consensus method. The scientific committee, consisted of a group of eight multidisciplinary experts, defined 12 clinically relevant questions. After the systematic review of the literature, the scientific committee assessed the evidence and developed recommendations. The panel group with 15 participants validated these recommendations using a single Delphi round. To conclude, there was a final consensus meeting held to redefine with minor modifications the final recommendations. Results: The scientific committee developed a total of 19 recommendations on the diagnosis and detection, impact of PPS in MDD, treatment of MDD with associated PPS, use of healthcare resources, additional recommendations, and care coordination of these patients. Globally, a substantial level of agreement (≥80%) was reached on all items during the Delphi round. All the 19 achieved consensus, seven of them (37%) were agreed with unanimity during the Delphi round. The recommendations with higher consensus were in relation to diagnosis, impact of PPS in MDD, treatment and use of healthcare resources. Conclusions: Currently, the evidence base for patients with MDD and PPS is still being developed and this consensus statement aims to bridge that gap by providing practical recommendations
Role of circulating MicroRNAs in prostate cancer diagnosis and risk stratification in the MCC Spain study
No full textTo identify circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with prostate cancer and to develop predictive models capable of distinguishing cases from controls and stratifying patients by Gleason risk categories (low, intermediate, and high risk). This case-control study included 203 prostate cancer cases and 54 population-based controls. Serum samples were analyzed by RT-qPCR (performed at QIAGEN Genomic Services). Total RNA was extracted from 200 µl of serum using the miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Advanced Kit and reverse-transcribed with the miRCURY LNA RT Kit. A panel of 46 candidate miRNAs was profiled, and feature selection was performed using LASSO penalization. Logistic regression models were used to estimate age- and covariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between miRNA expression and prostate cancer risk. Predictive performance was assessed using repeated 5-fold cross-validation with bootstrap resampling (10 repetitions; 1000 resamples), and summarized using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with bias-corrected 95% CIs. Fourteen miRNAs were significantly associated with prostate cancer. Notably, miR-199a-5p (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.13-3.15; p = 0.015) and miR-150-5p (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.06-0.63; p = 0.006) showed consistent differential expression across all Gleason risk categories, with miR-199a-5p overexpressed and miR-150-5p underexpressed, suggesting a potential role in disease progression. miR-145-5p, miR-182-5p, and miR-93-5p were significantly associated with prostate cancer in both the overall model and in low- and intermediate-risk strata, highlighting their potential relevance in early-stage disease. In contrast, miR-24-3p was exclusively overexpressed in high-risk prostate cancer (OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.43-5.98; p = 0.003), indicating a possible link with aggressive tumor phenotypes. Predictive models demonstrated strong discriminatory performance, particularly for the low-risk group (AUC = 0.930, 95% CI: 0.882-0.979), followed by the intermediate-risk (AUC = 0.806, 95% CI: 0.728-0.883) and high-risk groups (AUC = 0.752, 95% CI: 0.658-0.848). The overall model achieved an AUC of 0.824 (95% CI: 0.756-0.892), reflecting robust performance in distinguishing cases from controls. This study identifies key circulating miRNAs associated with prostate cancer and demonstrates their potential in predictive models for risk stratification. The strongest discriminatory performance was observed in low-risk tumors (AUC = 0.930), followed by intermediate- (AUC = 0.806) and high-risk (AUC = 0.752) categories. These findings support the use of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis and personalized management of prostate cancer.This study was partially funded by the “Accion Transversal del Cancer,” approved on the Spanish Ministry Council on the 11 October 2007, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PS09/00773, PS09/01286, PS09/01903, PS09/02078, PS09/01662, PI11/01889, PI11/02213, PI12/00488, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI14/01219, PI14/0613, PI17/01388 and PI18/00171), Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (API 10/09), the ICGC International Cancer Genome Consortium CLL [The ICGC CLL-Genome Project was funded by Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Red Temática de Investigación del Cáncer (RTICC) del ISCIII (RD12/0036/0036)], the Junta de Castilla y León (LE22 A10-2), the Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía (PI-0571-2009, PI-0306-2011, and salud201200057018 tra), the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana (AP_061/10), the Recercaixa (2010 ACUP 00310), the Regional Government of the Basque Country, the Consejería de Sanidad de la Región de Murcia, by the European Commission grants FOOD-CT-2006-036224-HIWATE, the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation, by the Catalan Government—Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) grants 2017SGR723 and 2014SGR850, the Fundación Caja de Ahorros de Asturias, and the University of Oviedo. ISGlobal acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023” Program (CEX2018-000806-S) and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. AP-C was supported by the MINECO (Ministry of Economy in Spain) Grant no. PRE2019-089038, fellowship
The UN’s sustainable development goal 10 target 10.7 in the Netherlands: the colonial roots of postcolonial migration from Suriname
No full textBachelor's degree in Global Studies. Curs 2024-2025Tutora: Teresa Segura-GarciaThis research examines how Dutch post colonial migration policies shaped migration patterns from its former colony, Suriname, to the Netherlands after the
1950s, resulting in an exodus of many Surinamese in different migration waves for different motives, depending on the period. It takes a historical approach to understand these patterns, understanding some of the colonial history in Suriname, considering Dutch influence and participation in the former colony. This brings to light an analysis of the demographic diversity of Suriname and the socio-economic situation of the emigrants, explaining the different migration waves that took place in the twentieth century, with a focus on the decolonial period of the seventies and eighties . Driven by the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10 on reducing inequalities within and among countries, with a focus on target 10.7, which deals with encouraging individuals to migrate in a safe, regular, and responsible manner, particularly by putting well-thought-out and well-managed migration regulations into place, its goal is to identify where the country stands, and its strengths and weaknesses in relation to the immigration and integration.
The research takes a literature review approach, where already existing research and scholarly perspectives are gathered and critically analyzed to produce new insights and identify gaps. This research aims to contribute to policy discussions on promoting fairer migration structures and lowering the inequalities faced by migrants from former colonies by exposing the post-colonial legacy present since independence and investigating the intersections between colonial legacy and contemporary policy
Local genetic adaptation to habitat in wild chimpanzees
No full textHow populations adapt to their environment is a fundamental question in biology. Yet we know surprisingly little about this process, especially for endangered species such as non-human great apes. Chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, are particularly interesting because they inhabit diverse habitats, from rainforest to woodland-savannah. Whether genetic adaptation facilitates such habitat diversity remains unknown, despite having wide implications for evolutionary biology and conservation. Using 828 newly generated exomes from wild chimpanzees, we find evidence of fine-scale genetic adaptation to habitat. Notably, adaptation to malaria in forest chimpanzees is mediated by the same genes underlying adaptation to malaria in humans. This work demonstrates the power of non-invasive samples to reveal genetic adaptations in endangered populations and highlights the importance of adaptive genetic diversity for chimpanzees.H.J.O. is supported by the Natural Environment Research Council through the London NERC Doctoral Training Programme scholarship, grant no. NE/L002485/1. A.M.A. is supported by UCL’s Wellcome Trust ISSF3 award no. 204841/Z/16/Z, the BBSRC grant no. BB/W007703/1, and the Leverhulme trust grant no. RPG-2021-414. The Pan African Program: The Cultured Chimpanzee (PanAf) is generously funded by the Max Planck Society, the Max Planck Society Innovation Fund, and the Heinz L. Krekeler Foundation. T.M.-B. is supported by funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 864203), grant PID2021-126004NB-100 funded by MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and ERDF/EU (MICIIN/FEDER, UE), and Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca and CERCA Programme del Departament d’Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya (GRC 2021 SGR 00177). We also acknowledge funding from the ‘‘la Caixa’’ Foundation doctoral fellowship program LCF/BQ/DE15/ 10360006 (to C.F.), US National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants from the Office of the Director and National Institute of Mental Health (DP2MH119424 and R01MH132818 to MYD), Formación de Personal Investigador (FPI) PRE2018- 083966 from Ministerio de Ciencia, Universidades e Investigacion (to M.A.-E.), and PID2020-116908GB-I00 (MCIN) (to E.L.). F.A.S. and A.K.P. thank the UCSD/Salk Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA) and Department of Human Origins, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology for support of GMERC, the Issa Valley field site, and ongoing sample collection in Tanzania. The research carried out in the Ituri province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, was supported by AL’s National Geographic Explorer’s grant (NGS-61178C-19)
Collective action under repressive conditions: integration of individual, group, and structural level research, recommendations, and reflections
No full textSocial scientific research from different traditions on collective action under repressive conditions is fragmented across different levels of analysis. The current paper takes a first step toward remedying this fragmentation by reviewing research findings on repression and collective action and organizing them into a multilevel framework. We describe the impact of repression on antecedents of collective action at the (a) individual level (including grievances, emotions, efficacy beliefs, politicized identity, and individual differences), (b) group level (including community cohesion and norms), and (c) structural level (including political opportunities and socioecological conditions). We then present an integrative summary reflecting on the broad patterns we observed in the literature. We conclude with policy implications of this work, suggesting recommendations for activists to overcome repression, for authorities to foster pluralist political participation while maintaining stability, and for researchers to further advance knowledge on repression and collective action
Sucesiones transfronterizas: aplicación del derecho civil catalán conforme al reglamento 650/2012
No full textTreball de Fi de Grau en Dret. Curs 2024-2025Tutor: Javier Serrano CopeteEl presente estudio examina el impacto que tiene el Reglamento (UE) n.o 650/2012 en las sucesiones mortis causa de carácter transfronterizo, enfocándose especialmente en el caso del Estado español. El fenómeno de las sucesiones transfronterizas presenta importantes retos legales en un contexto europeo caracterizado por la libre circulación de personas y patrimonios. Por ende, el Reglamento Europeo de Sucesiones proporciona un marco común para determinar la ley aplicable, la competencia judicial y el reconocimiento de resoluciones en materia sucesoria. Este análisis indaga en las repercusiones de la implementación de este instrumento en un Estado plurilegislativo como España, centrándose particularmente en el Derecho civil catalán. A través del estudio de supuestos hipotéticos con y sin professio iuris, se analizan los criterios que permiten la aplicación del derecho civil catalán, ya sea por elección directa o mediante remisión indirecta. Finalmente, la investigación termina con un pequeño estudio de la relación existente entre el Reglamento 650/2012 y el Reglamento 2016/1102
Edición cinematográfica e inteligencia artificial herramientas de análisis con modelos de aprendizaje profundo
No full textEsta tesis doctoral explora la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en el montaje cinematográfico, centrándose en el desarrollo de prototipos de código abierto para abordar necesidades específicas identificadas en el sector. La investigación combina entrevistas en profundidad con editores de cine y estudios de caso de proyectos cinematográficos concretos para detectar áreas de mejora.
Utilizando metodologías ágiles, se desarrollan prototipos que incluyen herramientas para la extracción automática de fotogramas, detección de planos y secuencias, análisis de características visuales, segmentación de objetos, estimación de poses y generación de descripciones de imágenes. El trabajo examina cómo estas herramientas pueden transformar los procesos de edición, mejorando la eficiencia y abriendo nuevas posibilidades creativas.
La tesis también aborda los desafíos éticos y prácticos de implementar IA en la producción cinematográfica, y explora su potencial para redefinir la narrativa y la estética del cine.cinematogràfic, centrant-se en el desenvolupament de prototips de codi obert per abordar necessitats específiques identificades en el sector. La recerca combina entrevistes en profunditat amb editors de cinema i estudis de cas de projectes cinematogràfics concrets per detectar àrees de millora.
Utilitzant metodologies àgils, es desenvolupen prototips que inclouen eines per a l'extracció automàtica de fotogrames, la detecció de plans i seqüències, l'anàlisi de característiques visuals, la segmentació d'objectes, l'estimació de posicions i la generació de descripcions d'imatges. El treball examina com aquestes eines poden transformar els processos d'edició, millorant l'eficiència i obrint noves possibilitats creatives.
La tesi també aborda els reptes ètics i pràctics d'implementar IA en la producció cinematogràfica, i explora el seu potencial per redefinir la narrativa i l'estètica del cinema.This doctoral thesis explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in film editing, focusing on the development of open-source prototypes to address specific needs identified in the industry. The research combines in-depth interviews with film editors and case studies of specific film projects to detect areas for improvement.
Using agile methodologies, prototypes are developed that include tools for automatic frame extraction, shot and sequence detection, visual feature analysis, object segmentation, pose estimation, and image description generation. The work examines how these tools can transform editing processes, enhancing efficiency and opening new creative possibilities.
The thesis also addresses the ethical and practical challenges of implementing AI in film production and explores its potential to redefine cinema's narrative and aesthetics.Programa de Doctorat en Comunicaci
When your name matters: two field experiments on ethnic discrimination in Spain’s main online consumer-to-consumer market
No full textUnderstanding ethnic discrimination is essential for effective policymaking in multicultural societies like Spain, where the foreign-born population has grown significantly. This study examines ethnic discrimination in one of Spain’s largest online consumer-to-consumer (C2C) markets through two field experiments. The results reveal that buyers with Arabic or Chinese names face discrimination compared to those with Spanish names, but only when they bid at the listed price. In contrast, sellers do not experience similar bias, regardless of the price at which they mark their products. These findings align with the “second-moment” theory of statistical discrimination, which argues that bias arises not from prejudice against minorities or stereotypes about their abilities but from a lack of familiarity with minorities in traditional buyer roles. Sellers’ discriminatory behavior appears tied to their perception of risk: they are more likely to discriminate against minorities when aiming to minimize potential losses in favorable sales. Conversely, they show a preference for minorities when seeking to maximize gains in less-than-optimal transactions
A call to action to address the steatotic liver disease public health threat in Barcelona
No full textDespite their high prevalence worldwide, steatotic liver diseases (SLDs) are largely excluded from most non-communicable disease (NCD) guidelines and strategies. We propose policies and strategies to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of reducing NCD premature mortality by one-third by 2030. To assess this gap -the exclusion of SLDs from NCD policies- in urban areas, we reviewed Barcelona's strategies for NCD risks (e.g., alcohol, tobacco, healthy food access). We then explored applications of geo-spatial visualisation and whole-of-society approaches (e.g., citizen science engagement) aligned with the World Health Organization (WHO) Best Buys to provide recommendations to address NCDs, generally, and SLDs specifically.Funds from European Commission/EFPIA IMI2 853966-2, IMI2 777377, H2020 847989, HLTH-2023-TOOL-05-03, ISCIII PI19/01898 and PI22/01770, MICIN IBEC_ProyectCompl22, DTS24/00035, and "La Caixa" Foundation and Barcelona City Council (COVID-SHINE and StopALD). JB reports having received grants or contracts for "Study of the drivers of late diagnosis of alcohol related disease, alone or in combination with metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and implementation and evaluation of interventions to reduce its burden (StopALD)", ID: 22S07286-001. Barcelona City Council. 2022-2024. EM, LAG NB, AN, AA, DB, LR, CJK, DIW declare that they have no conflicts of interest. JVL, JEMS, LAG, NB, AN, AA, DB, LRD, and DIW acknowledge support to ISGlobal from the grant CEX2023-0001290-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program
Coaliciones discursivas y animales para entretenimiento: el debate de la “ley de bienestar animal” en la prensa española
No full textL'article (Discourse coalitions and animals for entertainment: the debate on the "Animal welfare act" in the Spanish press) també està disponible en anglès.Este estudio se centra en la cobertura mediática de la Ley 7/2023 y la reforma del Código Penal en materia de maltrato y abandono de animales. El objetivo principal es la identificación de actores y discursos que han quedado reflejados en la agenda mediática, en concreto sobre los animales usados con fines de entretenimiento. Se han examinado textos de diez periódicos españoles desde antes de la presentación del anteproyecto (1 de octubre de 2021) hasta el mes de su aprobación (3 de marzo de 2023) mediante una metodología de análisis de redes discursivas. El análisis identifica dos coaliciones discursivas: una a favor y otra en contra de una propuesta legislativa más estricta en materia de protección animal. Los resultados revelan que aparecen más actores en la coalición contraria. Los argumentos más introducidos en el debate giran en torno a la inclusión de perros utilizados para la caza en la ley; el uso de animales para entretenimiento en competiciones, espectáculos y otros formatos; la necesidad de que la ley sea aprobada, la crítica al lobby animalista y la crítica al de la caza. Las coaliciones identificadas compiten por institucionalizar su discurso y ejercer influencia sobre los partidos políticos y la opinión pública