43569 research outputs found
Sort by
Configuraciones estatales, regiones y sociedades locales. América Latina, siglos XIX-XX
No full textDesde las configuraciones estatales (y sus posibilidades diversas), hasta la vida política de las comunidades locales, pasando por esos planos intermedios que resultan ser las regiones, este volumen quiere mostrar algunos de los desafíos más apremiantes que presenta hoy la discusión sobre los distintos niveles que operan simultáneamente en el largo y complejo proceso de State Building en América Latina durante el siglo XIX e inicios del XX
Derecho internacional humanitario, jurisdicción penal militar y responsabilidad del Estado por violación a los derechos humanos. Un comentario a la sentencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos «Masacre de Santo Domingo vs. Colombia»
No full textMediante la aplicación de la metodología de estudio de caso, el comentario a la Sentencia Santo Domingo vs. Colombia se centra en aspectos estructurales sobre la protección de los derechos humanos en el ámbito interamericano, en especial, el uso que la Corte Interamericana hace del Derecho Internacional Humanitario en situaciones que se producen en contextos de conflictos armados internos, la relación entre la jurisdicción penal militar y la investigación de las violaciones a los derechos humanos cometidas por miembros de las Fuerzas Armadas, los requisitos de los actos de reconocimiento de la responsabilidad del Estado y la interacción entre las instancias judiciales nacionales e internacionales en materia de reparación de violaciones a los derechos humanos. Por razones de oportunidad, se prescinde del análisis del pronunciamiento de la Corte IDH sobre cada uno de los derechos de la Convención Americana que fueron violados por el Estado de Colombia
JACINT VERDAGUER, UNA FAMA SEMPRE VIVA. L’autor i la seva obra en la creació artística i en l’espai públic (1865-2024))
No full textAquesta tesi analitza la construcció i consolidació de la figura de Jacint Verdaguer com a autor hipercanònic dins la literatura catalana, examinant els mecanismes socials, literaris i culturals que han contribuït a mantenir viva la seva fama i centralitat canònica fins als nostres dies.This thesis examines the presence of Jacint Verdaguer in artistic creation and public spaces, from his first triumph at the Jocs Florals in 1865 up to 2024. The documentation of both areas of study, along with a comparison to contemporary European writers, demonstrates that Verdaguer is an immortal cultural saint of great resilience. Despite being appropriated during the 20th-century dictatorships, his symbol remained permeable to all ideologies, with civic agents playing a crucial role in preserving his cult. In the 1980s, academia and institutions revitalized Verdaguerism, culminating in the celebration of the Year of Verdaguer (2002). Verdaguer is a hypercanonical writer due to his role as the refounder of the literary language, the richness of his legacy, the universality of his themes, and his enduring ability to attract successive generations of readers who reinterpret his work.Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Doctorat en Humanitat
The Hajar Mountains of Southeastern Arabia: a laboratory to understand how reptile diversity is generated, distributed and maintained in arid environments
No full textThis thesis provides new insights into the evolution of biodiversity in arid regions by exploring the patterns and drivers of reptile diversity in the Hajar Mountains of Southeastern Arabia. We first assemble a genomic dataset including the entire endemic reptile community to unravel the diversity, distribution and structure of reptiles at multiple biological scales. Then, we focus on four particular groups to assess the systematics of some selected taxa, to investigate the effects of gene flow on species delimitation, and to evaluate the conservation status of one of its most imperiled species. Results show that reptile diversity is greatly structured, with paleoclimate emerging as a determinant driver in the evolution of this montane arid community. We reveal high levels of cryptic diversity leading to the description of four new species of geckos, and show that coastal development is having a negative impact on the survival of a Critically Endangered species. Additionally, we evaluate the performance of the genomic techniques used in this thesis and discuss their strengths and limitations for species delimitation and description.Aquesta tesi ofereix nous punts de vista en l’evolució de la biodiversitat en regions àrides, explorant els patrons i processos que afecten la diversitat de rèptils a les muntanyes dels Hajars del sud-est de la Península Aràbiga. Primer, generem un “dataset” genòmic incloent tota la comunitat endèmica de rèptils per descobrir la diversitat, la distribució i l’estructura dels rèptils a diverses escales biològiques. Després, ens centrem en quatre casos d’estudi amb la finalitat de determinar la sistemàtica d’alguns taxons concrets, investigar els efectes del flux genètic en la delimitació d’espècies i avaluar l’estat de conservació d’una de les espècies més amenaçades de les muntanyes. Els resultats mostren que la diversitat de rèptils està molt estructurada, amb el paleoclima emergint com a un procés determinant en la formació i evolució d’aquesta comunitat. També, desvelem alts nivells de diversitat críptica descrivint quatre noves espècies de dragons, i demostrem que el desenvolupament costaner està tenint un impacte negatiu en la supervivència d’una espècie que es troba en Perill Crític d’extinció. Finalment, avaluem les diferents tècniques genòmiques utilitzades en aquesta tesi i discutim les seves avantatges i limitacions per a la delimitació i descripció d’espècies.Programa de Doctorat en Biomedicin
Xeno-ludens afectos no humanos en el videojuego contemporáneo
No full textLa presente tesis propone una teoría de los afectos desde una perspectiva deleuziana para pensar el videojuego contemporáneo y otros fenómenos de la cultura ludificada. Se trata de una investigación con una dimensión aplicada que culmina con el desarrollo de un prototipo experimental de videojuego, un trabajo de world-building cuyas premisas estéticas se fundamentan en el estudio de un jugar contemporáneo saturado por afectos íntimos, micro-acciones y gestos que hibridan lo humano con experiencias propias de una xeno-afectividad no-humana, algorítmica y extraña. Para la comprensión de estos fenómenos se propone un modelo semiótico-afectivo desarrollado a partir de una síntesis de las teorías del signo que Deleuze proyectó inspirándose en Baruch Spinoza y Henri Bergson. La tesis navegará así por distintos objetos que participan de las cualidades intensivas del afecto deleuziano, desde la crítica algorítmica y los estilos heréticos de juego (glitch-hiking, slow-play, counter-play, etc) hasta una disección de los espacios y los tiempos afectivos en el videojuego reciente.This thesis proposes a theory of affects from a Deleuzian perspective to think the contemporary video game and other phenomena of the ludified culture. It is a research with an applied dimension that culminates with the development of an experimental video game prototype, a world-building work whose aesthetic premises are based on the study of contemporary game practices saturated by intimate affects, micro-actions and gestures that hybridize the human with experiences of a non-human and algorithmic xeno-affectivity. In order to understand these phenomena, a semiotic-affective model is proposed, developed from a synthesis of the theories of the sign that Deleuze outlined inspired by Baruch Spinoza and Henri Bergson. The thesis will thus navigate through different objects that participate in the intensive qualities of Deleuzian affect, from algorithmic critique and heretical styles of play (glitch-hiking, slow-play, counter-play, etc) to a dissection of affective spaces and times in recent video games.Programa de Doctorat en Comunicaci
GWAS and meta-analysis identifies 49 genetic variants underlying critical COVID-19
No full textCritical illness in COVID-19 is an extreme and clinically homogeneous disease phenotype that we have previously shown1 to be highly efficient for discovery of genetic associations2. Despite the advanced stage of illness at presentation, we have shown that host genetics in patients who are critically ill with COVID-19 can identify immunomodulatory therapies with strong beneficial effects in this group3. Here we analyse 24,202 cases of COVID-19 with critical illness comprising a combination of microarray genotype and whole-genome sequencing data from cases of critical illness in the international GenOMICC (11,440 cases) study, combined with other studies recruiting hospitalized patients with a strong focus on severe and critical disease: ISARIC4C (676 cases) and the SCOURGE consortium (5,934 cases). To put these results in the context of existing work, we conduct a meta-analysis of the new GenOMICC genome-wide association study (GWAS) results with previously published data. We find 49 genome-wide significant associations, of which 16 have not been reported previously. To investigate the therapeutic implications of these findings, we infer the structural consequences of protein-coding variants, and combine our GWAS results with gene expression data using a monocyte transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) model, as well as gene and protein expression using Mendelian randomization. We identify potentially druggable targets in multiple systems, including inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte-macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A)
Standard-setting and the incentives to innovate: evidence from the IEEE patent policy update
No full textThis paper investigates how stricter licensing rules affect firms' incentives to innovate in standardrelated technologies. I study the 2015 patent policy revision by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), which limited SEP holders' ability to seek injunctions and encouraged royalties based on the smallest salable unit. Using a continuous difference-in-differences approach, I show that the new policy increases standard-related patenting, with the strongest effects among firms furthest from the standards' technology space. However, the effects differ across firm types. SEP holders reduced their innovation activity, consistent with weaker royalty incentives, while non-SEP firms expanded patenting, benefiting from lower licensing costs and new opportunities to reposition themselves. Although the policy created challenges for SEP owners, my results suggest that the broader increase in innovation among other firms outweighed these declines. These results highlight how patent policy design within standard setting organizations can reallocate innovation incentives across firms.Financial support from the ERC consolidator grant for the project Foundations for Antitrust and Policy on Digital Platforms (No. 101044072) is gratefully acknowledged
Multi-therapeutic modelling for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: impact of the pulmonary ridge
No full textAtrial Fibrillation affects 33.5 million people worldwide. It is associated with life-threatening consequences such as stroke, placing a heavy burden on healthcare resources. Stroke prevention is based on administering direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and for those contraindicated left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is recommended. Still, after LAAO, a short-term period of anticoagulation is needed to avoid device-related thrombus. Predicting the minimal dose of anticoagulant administered after the intervention might reduce DOAC’s side effects. Therefore, we present a multi-therapeutic model that combines LAAO flow simulations with DOAC monitoring. Six simulations representing different clinical practice scenarios are performed: LAAO covering and uncovering the pulmonary ridge with or without 2.5 mg apixaban. Results show that applying 2.5 mg of Apixaban reduces the risk of DRT no matter the position of the occluder in the pulmonary ridge. Future steps should address the integration of more anticoagulant therapies. Despite being a proof-of-concept, we successfully developed a multi-therapeutic approach that evaluates the formation of DRT in different clinical scenarios.This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science (GENERALITAAT: PID2022-143239OB-I00) and the European Union (GA 101136438- GEMINI and 101016496 Sim-CardioTest). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them
Risk factors and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common complication in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, which increases morbidity and negatively affects outcomes. Risk factors and outcomes in these patients remain controversial. The aim of the present study is to explore the risk factors and clinical outcomes of patients with VAP and TBI. Methods: Two researchers conducted independent systematic literature searches of Pubmed, Cochrane Database, Scopus, Medline Ovid, Science Direct databases, published from inception to January 2024. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess study quality. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model when heterogeneity I2 > 50 % and a fixed-effects model when I2 < 50 %; in addition, a subgroup analysis was performed to explore VAP risk factors, and publication bias was assessed with the funnel plot and Begg's and Egger's tests. All results were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) methodology. Results: Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis with a total of 2883 patients. Male gender [OR 1.58 (95 % CI 1.23, 2.02) p < 0.05 I2 0 %] and abbreviated injury scale (head: H-AIS) [≥ 3 OR 2.79 (95 % CI 1.58, 4.93) p < 0.05 I2 0 %] increased the risk of VAP. After subgroup analysis, blood transfusion on admission [OR 1.97 (95 % CI 1.16-3.35) p ≤0.05 I2 5 %] and barbiturate infusion [OR 3.55 (95 % CI 2.01-6.30) p ≤0.05 I2 0 %] became risk factors. Prophylactic antibiotic use [OR 0.67 (95 % CI 0.51-0.88) p ≤0.05 I2 0 %] and younger age MD -3.29 (95 % CI -5.18, -1.40) p ≤0.05 I2 41 %] emerged as significant protective factors. In VAP patients ICU stay [MD 7.02 (95 % CI 6.05-7.99) p ≤0.05 I2 37 %], duration of mechanical ventilation [MD 5.79 (95 % CI 4.40, 7.18) p ≤0.05 I2 79 %] and hospital stay [MD 11.88 (95 % CI 8.71-15.05) p ≤0.05 I2 0 %] were significantly increased. The certainty of the evidence was moderate-high for the outcomes studied. Conclusions: Male gender, H-AIS ≥ 3, blood transfusion on admission, and barbiturate infusion were risk factors for VAP. In patients with VAP, ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, hospital stay were significantly increased
Dissecting motor behaviour alterations in Parkinson's disease using genetically modified zebrafish models
No full textLos trastornos neurodegenerativos como la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) implican la degeneración progresiva del sistema nervioso, lo que provoca alteraciones tanto motoras como cognitivas. La EP afecta a millones de personas en todo el mundo y su incidencia aumenta con el envejecimiento de la población. Aunque los factores genéticos son responsables del 10-20% de los casos, las causas exactas de la EP son complejas. A pesar de las importantes investigaciones realizadas, no existe cura y los tratamientos actuales se centran en el control de los síntomas. Esta tesis se centra en la caracterización conductual de modelos genéticos y transgénicos de pez cebra de EP, en particular park8/lrrk2, park2/parkin, park6/pink1, park7/DJ-1, y park1/snca. Los resultados revelan que, en la etapa larval, los modelos de EP exhiben problemas locomotores sutiles, tales como natación reducida, aumento de las pausas de movimiento, que reflejan los síntomas motores tempranos en los pacientes con EP. Estos defectos son más pronunciados en la etapa juvenil, donde emergen patrones consistentes de disfunción motora, reflejando la naturaleza progresiva de la enfermedad. Esto apoya la relevancia de estos modelos de pez cebra para simular la progresión de la EP. Nuestro estudio concluye que estos modelos son herramientas valiosas para futuras investigaciones sobre la EP. Al avanzar en la comprensión del impacto conductual de mutaciones genéticas específicas, ofrecen un potencial significativo para el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas. Estos conocimientos contribuyen a la búsqueda de mejores tratamientos para aliviar la carga que la EP supone para los pacientes y la sociedad.Neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD) involve the progressive degeneration of the nervous system, causing both motor and cognitive impairments. PD affects millions globally, with its incidence rising as populations age. Though genetic factors account for 10-20% of cases, the exact causes of PD are complex. Despite significant research, there is no cure, and current treatments focus on symptom management. This thesis focuses on the behavioural characterization of genetic and transgenic zebrafish models of PD, particularly park8/lrrk2, park2/parkin, park6/pink1, park7/DJ-1, and park1/snca. The results reveal that at the larval stage, PD models exhibit subtle locomotor issues, such as reduced swimming, increased movement pauses, which mirror early motor symptoms in PD patients. These defects are more pronounced at the juvenile stage, where consistent patterns of motor dysfunction emerge, reflecting the disease’s progressive nature. This supports the relevance of these zebrafish models in simulating PD’s progression. Our study concludes that these models are valuable tools for further research into PD. By advancing understanding of the behavioural impact of specific genetic mutations, they offer significant potential for developing new therapeutic strategies. These insights contribute to the search for better treatments to alleviate PD's burden on patients and society.Programa de Doctorat en Biomedicin