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The changing dynamics in the translations of Chinese humanities and social sciences into English (1989-2019)
No full textThis article examines the dynamics driving the translation of contemporary Chinese humanities and social sciences into English between 1989 and 2019. Based on a database of 256 translated works, it identifies three phases of translations: (1) the early 1990s, dominated by works on the 1989 social movement and modernization theory; (2) the early 2000s, marked by a growing interest in China's intellectual landscape; and (3) the 2010s, characterized by an unprecedented rise in translations, including those initiated and funded by Chinese institutions. This study highlights the mediating role of social, (geo)political, economic and intellectual contexts in shaping translation initiatives, selection processes, and discourse formation. It argues that translation is deeply embedded in geopolitical power structures, influencing the circulation and reception of Chinese humanities and social sciences. By analyzing the evolving dynamics of translation, this article provides insight into how knowledge is transmitted across cultural and political boundaries, revealing the intersection of translation, history, and global power shifts
Strategie di intercomprensione in letteratura un confronto tra lettura e ascolto di una poesia in italiano tra partecipanti di lingue romanze e inglese
No full textL'obiettivo di questa ricerca è definire un potenziale profilo di studenti di italiano come lingua addizionale che potrebbero utilizzare la letteratura come materiale autentico fin dall'inizio del loro corso di studi. Nell'insegnamento di una lingua straniera, la letteratura è spesso sconsigliata ai principianti (Spaliviero, 2020). Tuttavia, i risultati di questa ricerca mostrano che, senza conoscenza della lingua italiana, un particolare profilo di partecipanti può utilizzare strategie che consentono un certo livello di comprensione di un testo poetico. Questo studio mira a osservare le strategie spontanee di Intercomprensione nella lettura e nell’ascolto dei primi sette terzetti de La Divina Commedia di Dante Alighieri. I profili dei partecipanti includono utenti di tre lingue diverse (inglese, spagnolo e catalano) che non hanno mai studiato italiano. Sono state prese in considerazione le biografie linguistiche dei trenta partecipanti, insieme alle loro abitudini di lettura, percorsi di studio e carriere professionali. I partecipanti sono stati intervistati via Zoom attraverso interviste semi-strutturate registrate. L'analisi qualitativa dei dati delle interviste è stata condotta con il software Atlas.ti. L'analisi dei dati suggerisce che i bilingui di catalano e spagnolo, a differenza degli altri due gruppi, compensano la loro mancanza di conoscenza dell'italiano con inferenze sul funzionamento della lingua riflettendo sulle corrispondenze morfo-fonologiche promosse dalla conoscenza di due lingue della stessa famiglia linguistica. Tuttavia, i partecipanti abituati a leggere letteratura e poesia per piacere hanno un vantaggio ancora maggiore nella comprensione e interpretazione dei versi di Dante.The objective of this research is to define the potential profile of students of Italian as an additional language who could use literature as authentic material from the beginning of their course of study. Literature in a foreign language classroom has often been discouraged at a beginner level (Spaliviero, 2020). However, the results provided by this research show that, with no knowledge of the Italian language, a specific profile of participants can use strategies that guide a certain level of comprehension of a poetic text. This research aims to observe the spontaneous reading and listening Intercomprehension strategies of Dante Alighieri's first seven tercets of the Divine Comedy. The three profiles of participants consist of users of three languages (English, Spanish, and Catalan) who have never been instructed in Italian. The linguistic biographies of the thirty participants have been taken into consideration, together with their reading habits, educational backgrounds, and professional careers. The participants were interviewed via Zoom through recorded semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data analysis of the interviews was conducted using the software Atlas.ti. The data analysis performed leads us to believe that bilinguals of Catalan and Spanish, in contrast with the other two groups, compensate for their lack of awareness of the Italian language with inferences about the operation of the language by reflecting on the morpho-phonologic correspondences fostered by the knowledge of two languages from the same linguistic family. However, the participants who are used to reading literature and poetry for pleasure have an even bigger advantage in understanding and interpreting Dante’s verses.El objetivo de esta investigación es definir el perfil de estudiantes de italiano como lengua adicional que optimizaría la utilización de la literatura como material auténtico desde el principio de su aprendizaje de la lengua. A menudo se ha desaconsejado el uso de la literatura en el aula de lenguas extranjeras en el nivel inicial (Spaliviero, 2020). Sin embargo, los resultados aportados por esta investigación muestran que, sin tener conocimientos de lengua italiana, un perfil específico de participantes puede utilizar estrategias que guían un cierto nivel de comprensión de un texto poético. El objetivo de esta investigación es observar las estrategias de intercomprensión lectora y auditiva espontáneas de los siete primeros tercetos de La Divina Comedia de Dante Alighieri. Los tres perfiles de participantes corresponden al de usuarios de distintas lenguas (inglés, español y catalán) que nunca han estudiado italiano. Se han tenido en cuenta las biografías lingüísticas de los treinta participantes, así como sus hábitos de lectura, su formación académica y su trayectoria profesional. Los participantes fueron entrevistados a través de Zoom mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas grabadas. El análisis cualitativo de los datos de las entrevistas se llevó a cabo con el programa informático Atlas.ti. El análisis de datos realizado demuestra que los bilingües de catalán y castellano, a diferencia de los otros dos grupos, compensan su desconocimiento de la lengua italiana con inferencias sobre el funcionamiento de la lengua reflexionando sobre las correspondencias morfofonológicas propiciadas por el conocimiento de dos lenguas de la misma familia lingüística. Sin embargo, los participantes acostumbrados a leer literatura y poesía por placer tienen una ventaja aún mayor para comprender la interpretación de los versos de Dante.L'objectiu d'aquesta investigació és definir el perfil potencial dels estudiants d'italià com a llengua addicional que podrien utilitzar la literatura com a material autèntic des del començament del curs d'estudi. Sovint s'ha desaconsellat l'ús de la literatura a l'aula de llengües estrangeres al nivell inicial (Spaliviero, 2020). Tot i això, els resultats aportats per aquesta investigació mostren que, sense tenir coneixements de llengua italiana, un perfil específic de participants pot utilitzar estratègies que els guien cap a un cert nivell de comprensió d'un text poètic. L´objectiu d´aquesta investigació és observar les estratègies d´intercomprensió lectora i auditiva espontànies dels set primers tercets de La Divina Commedia de Dante Alighieri. Els tres perfils de participants consisteixen en usuaris de diferents llengües (angles, castellà i català) que mai no han rebut instrucció en italià. S'han tingut en compte les biografies lingüístiques dels trenta participants, així com els seus hàbits de lectura, formació acadèmica i trajectòria professional. Els participants van ser entrevistats a través de Zoom mitjançant entrevistes semiestructurades gravades. L'anàlisi qualitativa de les dades de les entrevistes es va fer amb el programa Atlas.ti. L'anàlisi de dades realitzada ens fa pensar que els bilingües de català i castellà, a diferència dels altres dos grups, compensen el seu desconeixement de la llengua italiana amb inferències sobre el funcionament de la llengua reflexionant sobre les correspondències morfofonològiques propiciades pel coneixement de dues llengües de la mateixa família lingüística. Tanmateix, els participants acostumats a llegir literatura i poesia per plaer tenen un avantatge encara més gran per comprendre la interpretació dels versos de Dante.Programa de Doctorat en Traducció i Ciències del Llenguatg
Role of COVID-19 vaccine in the management of gynecologic oncology lymphadenopathies
No full textBackground: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of lymphadenopathies after COVID-19 vaccination and their impact on the clinical management of gynecologic oncology patients. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted involving patients who underwent abdominopelvic or thoracoabdominopelvic CT scans during diagnosis or follow-up. Patients were classified into a vaccinated group (Vac group) and a non-vaccinated group (NoVac group). The radiological appearance of lymphadenopathies was categorized as low or high risk of malignancy, and management strategies were recorded as standard management or additional assessment. Results: 75 patients were included, with 44 in the Vac group and 31 in the NoVac group. The incidence of lymphadenopathies was similar between the groups: 34.1% in the Vac group and 32.3% in the NoVac group (p = 0.868). High-risk lymphadenopathies were observed in 20.4% of the Vac group and 22.6% of the NoVac group, while low-risk lymphadenopathies were seen in 13.6% of the Vac group and 9.7% of the NoVac group (p = 0.691). Standard management was the most common approach, used in 80.0% of the Vac group and 100.0% of the NoVac group (p = 0.25). Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccine does not increase the incidence of lymphadenopathies in imaging tests of gynecological cancer patients
A Mudejar community of saints: reconfiguring sanctity among the Mudejars of Aragón (13 th - 14 th centuries)
No full textEnhancing immunotherapy through PD-L1 upregulation: the promising combination of anti-PD-L1 plus mTOR inhibitors
No full textImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway have transformed urothelial cancer (UC) therapy. The correlation between PD-L1 expression and ICI effectiveness is uncertain, leaving the role of PD-L1 as a predictive marker for ICI efficacy unclear. Among several ways to enhance the efficacy of ICI, trials are exploring combining ICIs with serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR (mTOR) inhibitors in different tumor types. The potential interaction between mTOR inhibitors and PD-L1 expression in UC has not been well characterized. In our study, we investigated how phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors (TAK-228, everolimus and TAK-117) affect PD-L1 expression and function in preclinical bladder cancer cell models. TAK-228 increased cell surface levels of glycosylated PD-L1 in all but one of the seven cell lines, regardless of baseline levels. TAK-228 promoted the secretion of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and interferon-β (IFNβ), both linked to PD-L1 protein induction. Blocking EGF and IFNβ receptors reversed the TAK-228-induced PD-L1 increase. Additionally, TAK-228 enhanced IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression and intracellular HLA-I levels in some cells. TAK-228-treated bladder cancer cells exhibited resistance to the cytotoxic effects of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8)+ T cells. The addition of an anti-PD-L1 antibody diminished this resistance in T24 cells. Increased expression of PD-L1 under TAK-228 exposure was confirmed in patient-derived explants (PDEs) treated ex vivo. These preclinical findings suggest that mTOR inhibition with TAK-228 can increase PD-L1 levels, potentially impacting the specific immune response against UC cells. This highlights the rationale for exploring the combination of mTOR inhibitors with ICIs in patients with advanced UC
Nanosensors quantifying the role of labile zinc on metastasis
No full textThis thesis focuses on developing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based nanosensors for real-time quantification of labile zinc in cancer cells and investigating the relationship between zinc dyshomeostasis and cancer metastasis. Zinc nanosensors were synthesized by modifying hollow plasmonic silica nanocapsules with a zinc-chelating Raman probe (2,2':6',2''-Terpyridine-4'-thiol), achieving ultrasensitive detection with a limit of detection as low as 10-12.77 M. The nanosensors were validated in various biological systems and Calibration curves were established using peak intensity ratios, area under the curve ratios, and partial least squares modelling, which ensured high accuracy and selectivity while minimizing interference from other cations. To enhance sensor performance, the plasmonic properties of the nanosensors were optimized by increasing the plasmonic surface area. Density functional theory was employed to interpret the nanosensor’s Raman signals, clarifying the interactions between zinc ions and 2,2':6',2''-Terpyridine-4'-thiol molecules and also confirming the bind ratio of complex (probe: zinc= 2:1). Chemometric analysis, particularly partial least squares modelling, further optimized nanosensor performance by analyzing the entire spectrum of Raman probe, we could distinguish zinc-specific interactions. This modelling was trained to recognize these unique features to improving accuracy and selectivity while minimizing interference from other cations. The optimized nanosensors, combined with partial least square modelling, quantified intracellular labile zinc levels in breast cancer cell lines with different metastatic potentials. The results indicated the intracellular zinc values of MDA 10-6.25, LM2 10-8.01 and BrM2 10-6.93 M were causing an increase in the cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness. These findings demonstrate that zinc dyshomeostasis plays a critical role in metastasis and highlight the potential of SERS-based nanosensors as precise diagnostic tools for real-time zinc monitoring in complex biological environments.Esta tesis se centra en el desarrollo de nanosensores basados en espectroscopia Raman mejorada por superficie (SERS) para la cuantificación en tiempo real de zinc lábil en células cancerosas y la investigación de la relación entre la desregulación del zinc y la metástasis del cáncer. Se sintetizaron nanosensores de zinc modificando nanocápsulas de sílice plasmónica huecas con una sonda Raman quelante de zinc (2,2':6',2''-Terpiridina-4'-Tiol), logrando una detección ultrasensible con un límite de detección tan bajo como 10-12.77 M. Los nanosensores fueron validados en varios sistemas biológicos y se establecieron curvas de calibración utilizando las proporciones de intensidad de picos, las áreas bajo la curva y el modelado de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS, por sus siglas en inglés), lo que garantizó una alta precisión y selectividad mientras se minimizaba la interferencia de otros cationes. Para mejorar el rendimiento del sensor, se optimizaron las propiedades plasmónicas de los nanosensores incrementando el área de superficie plasmónica. Se empleó la teoría del funcional de la densidad para interpretar las señales Raman del nanosensor, aclarando las interacciones entre los iones de zinc y las moléculas de 2,2':6',2''-Terpiridina-4'-Tiol, y confirmando también la proporción de enlace del complejo (sonda:zinc = 2:1). El análisis quimiométrico, en particular el modelado de mínimos cuadrados parciales, optimizó aún más el rendimiento del nanosensor al analizar el espectro completo de la sonda Raman, lo que permitió distinguir interacciones específicas del zinc. Este modelo fue entrenado para reconocer estas características únicas, mejorando la precisión y selectividad mientras se minimizaba la interferencia de otros cationes. Los nanosensores optimizados, combinados con el modelado de mínimos cuadrados parciales, cuantificaron los niveles intracelulares de zinc lábil en líneas celulares de cáncer de mama con diferentes potenciales metastásicos. Los resultados indicaron que los valores intracelulares de zinc en células metastásicas MDA 10-6.25, LM2 10-8.01 y BrM2 10-6.93 M estaban provocando un aumento en la proliferación, migración e invasividad celular. Estos hallazgos demuestran que la desregulación del zinc desempeña un papel crítico en la metástasis y destacan el potencial de los nanosensores basados en SERS como herramientas de diagnóstico precisas para la monitorización en tiempo real del zinc en entornos biológicos complejos.Programa de Doctorat en Biomedicin
On variation in classifier choice in Mandarin Chinese
No full textAquesta tesi explora aspectes pragmàtics i cognitius de la variació en l’ús dels classificadors nominals per part de parlants del xinès mandarí, un fenomen relativament poc estudiat. Concretament, examino el paper tan del nivell taxonòmic (categoria bàsica vs. subordinada) del nom classificat com de la presència d'altres entitats competidors en el context. Un conjunt de nous experiments de producció indiquen que l'elecció entre un classificador general vs.\ un d’específic està correlacionada amb el nivell taxonòmic del nom. Un altre experiment, de seguiment ocular, suggereix que els oients utilitzen els classificadors com a recurs interpretatiu que facilita les inferències contrastives i una identificació més ràpid del referent. Entre els seves resultats, la tesi identifica nous factors que influeixen en la selecció de classificadors, té implicacions per a les explicacions de l’ús del llenguatge basades en la teoria de la informació i presenta un nou exemple d'inferència contrastiva en el processament pragmàtic.Esta tesis explora aspectos pragmáticos y cognitivos de la variación en el uso de los clasificadores nominales por parte de hablantes del chino mandarín, un fenómeno relativamente poco estudiado. Concretamente, estudio el papel tanto del nivel taxonómico (categoría básica vs. subordinada) del sustantivo clasificado, como el de la presencia de otras entidades competidoras en el contexto referencial. Presento unos nuevos experimentos de producción que indican que la elección entre un clasificador general vs.\ uno de específico está correlacionada con el nivel taxonómico del sustantivo. Otro experimento, de seguimiento ocular, sugiere que los oyentes utilizan los clasificadores como recurso interpretativo que facilita las inferencias contrastivas y una identificación más rápida del referente. Entre sus resultados, la tesis identifica a nuevos factores que influyen en la selección de clasificadores, tiene implicaciones para los modelos del uso del lenguaje basadas en la teoría de la información, y presenta un nuevo ejemplo de inferencia contrastiva en el procesamiento pragmático.This dissertation explores cognitive and pragmatic factors influencing intraspeaker variation in Mandarin Chinese nominal classifier use, a comparatively underexplored phenomenon. Specifically, I examine the role of the taxonomic level of the classified noun (basic vs. subordinate) and the presence of certain kinds of distractor entities in the visual context. Through a series of novel production experiments, I offer evidence that speaker choice between general and specific classifiers based correlates with whether the noun they use is more general (basic level) or specific (subordinate level). I then present an eye-tracking study that suggests that, from the listener’s perspective, classifier variability serves as an interpretive resource, facilitating contrastive inferences for efficient referent identification. Among the implications of its results, the dissertation identifies new factors influencing classifier selection, has implications for information-theoretic accounts of language use, and presents a new example of contrastive inference in pragmatic processing.Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Doctorat en Traducció i Ciències del Llenguatg
Índex de sonets i de primers versos
No full textEl sonet és una composició poètica, normalment lírica, amb una llarga tradició en la literatura occidental. Els seus orígens es remunten a principis del segle xiii, a la cort siciliana de Frederic II, amb el poeta Giacomo da Lentini (1210-1260), que en fou l'inventor. Qui en fixà les regles, però, fou Guittone d'Arezzo (1230-1294). Més tard el seguiren Dante (Vita nuova, 1295), Petrarca (Canzoniere, 1374) i Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564), i d'Itàlia s'expandí, a partir dels segles xv i xvi, a Europa, sobretot a Espanya, França i Anglaterra, i ha estat una forma conreada fins als nostres dies, també en català.Aquest volum ha estat elaborat en el marc del projecte FFI2014-54915-P, finançat pel Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, i també en el del Grup de Recerca Consolidat 2014 SGR 486 de l’AGAUR de la Generalitat de Cataluny
Benjamin Péret - Jordi de Sant Jordi: une rencontre marginale
No full textIn “Le Noyau de la comète”, the prologue to the Anthologie de l’Amour sublime, courtly love is extensively studied by the surrealist poet Benjamin Péret as he forges his own theory of love. Within the antho-logy, however, the only representation of courtly love is a figure situated in the margins of this tradition: Jordi de Sant Jordi, central in Catalan literature, but dislocated with regard to trouba-dours in time, place and language.This article studies the relationship between the eroticism of Jordi de Sant Jordi and his poem “Estramps” and the poetics and ideology of “amour sublime” through the history of the text, its language and the subsequent translation into French, quoted by Péret, by the occi-tanist René Nelli, a writer also found on the margins of XX century French literature
The first adaptations of the myth of Romeo and Juliet in Catalan Literature
No full textThe first adaptations of the Romeo and Juliet theme in Catalan literature are Víctor Balaguer's "Les esposalles de la morta" (1878) and Josep Maria Codolosa's "Les ventalles de la porta" (1881). Balaguer's title alludes to the state of the 'dead' Catalan language with which he engages. After centuries of Spanish-language prevalence, Balaguer writes one of the first tragedies in Catalan literature by resorting to the Romeo and Juliet myth, grafting it with the Romantic motif of the living dead and writing in a highly rhetorical, archaic language. Codolosa's work is a parody of Balaguer's tragedy: the readers' expectations of sublimity clash with the ridiculous situations in which the local working-class characters get involved, and the language used is 'the Catalan that is now spoken'. Each writer uses the Romeo and Juliet theme for his own literary and linguistic agenda. In the case of Balaguer, he sows the seeds for the construction of a Catalan tragic literary tradition. In the case of Codolosa, his purpose is to entertain through lowbrow literature, and he does so by recurring both to popular language and to intertextual parody, which includes not only Balaguer's text, but also the comic and parodic Catalan literary tradition as well as the Spanish and Catalan parodies of Shakespeare's tragedies that were in vogue at the time