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Sex differences in chronic postsurgical pain after open thoracotomy
No full textStudy Objective: To determine the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) in women after open thoracotomy. Secondary objectives were to compare relevant patient and procedural variables between women and men. Design: Observational cohort study. Setting: Ten university-affiliated hospitals. Subjects: Ninety-six women and 137 men. Interventions: Scheduled open thoracotomy. Measurements: Pain histories, psychological measures, and perceived health status and catastrophizing scores were obtained. The diagnosis of chronic postsurgical pain was by physical examination at 4 months. Standard preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were also recorded. Main Results: The chronic postsurgical pain incidence was significantly higher in women (53.1%) than in men (38.0%) (p = 0.023). At baseline, women had significantly worse scores on psychological measures (perception of mental state [p = 0.01], depression [p = 0.006], and catastrophizing [p < 0.001]). Women also reported more preoperative pain in the operative area (p = 0.011) and other areas (p = 0.030). Conclusion: These findings show that the incidence of physician-diagnosed chronic postsurgical pain is higher in women than in men after surgeries involving thoracotomy. Sex and gender should be included in future clinical research on pain in surgical settings
The changing dynamics in the translations of Chinese humanities and social sciences into English (1989-2019)
No full textThis article examines the dynamics driving the translation of contemporary Chinese humanities and social sciences into English between 1989 and 2019. Based on a database of 256 translated works, it identifies three phases of translations: (1) the early 1990s, dominated by works on the 1989 social movement and modernization theory; (2) the early 2000s, marked by a growing interest in China¿s intellectual landscape; and (3) the 2010s, characterized by an unprecedented rise in translations, including those initiated and funded by Chinese institutions. This study highlights the mediating role of social, (geo)political, economic and intellectual contexts in shaping translation initiatives, selection processes, and discourse formation. It argues that translation is deeply embedded in geopolitical power structures, influencing the circulation and reception of Chinese humanities and social sciences. By analyzing the evolving dynamics of translation, this article provides insight into how knowledge is transmitted across cultural and political boundaries, revealing the intersection of translation, history, and global power shifts
La irrelevancia de la violencia en el delito de coacciones: comentario a la STS 412/2020, de 20 de julio
No full textHeterogeneity and aggregate fluctuations: insights from TANK models
No full textWe analyze the merits and limitations of simple tractable New Keynesian models (RANK [representative agent New Keynesian] and TANK [two-agent New Keynesian]) in accounting for the aggregate predictions of heterogeneous agent New Keynesian models (HANK). By means of comparison of a number of nested HANK models, we investigate the role played by (1) idiosyncratic income risk, (2) a binding borrowing constraint, and (3) a portfolio choice between liquid and illiquid assets. We argue that the effects of household heterogeneity can be largely understood by looking at the differential behavior of two types of households: hand-to-mouth and unconstrained. We find that a suitably specified and calibrated TANK model (which abstracts from idiosyncratic income risk) can capture reasonably well the aggregate implications of household heterogeneity and the main channels through which it operates. That ability increases in the presence of a policy rule that emphasizes inflation stability. In the limiting case of a strict inflation-targeting policy, heterogeneity becomes irrelevant for the determination of aggregate output.Galí acknowledges the financial support from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant 882332-HEMPEF). Both authors acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) through the Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (Barcelona School of Economics CEX2019-000915-S) and grant PID2020-116268GB-I00 (Debortoli) and from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Programme
Fricciones volumétricas: conversaciones entre estéticas 3D, arte contemporáneo y teorías queer
No full textEl objetivo de esta tesis es analizar las estéticas contemporáneas 3D desde el prisma de las teorías y epistemologías queer, principalmente en el ámbito de las prácticas artísticas. Para ello, introduce el concepto de las fricciones volumétricas, entendidas como aquellas prácticas 3D contra-hegemónicas en las que emergen discursos transformadores—con el foco en los discursos transformadores de género. Metodológicamente, la tesis se inscribe en la tradición de los métodos críticos, con predilección por las herramientas teóricas y el análisis cualitativo. Propone la “bolsa de transporte” como metodología original, una de sus principales contribuciones. La bolsa de transporte guía el análisis en seis principales áreas de interés, que estructuran la tesis y sus resultados: el realismo, la ciencia ficción, el tiempo, el espacio, el cuerpo y la identidad. Concluye sistematizando las conversaciones entre teorías queer, arte contemporáneo y 3D, ofreciendo un punto de partida para posteriores proyectos de investigación o curadoría.The goal of this thesis is to examine contemporary 3D aesthetics through the lens of queer theories and epistemologies, particularly within the realm of artistic practices. To achieve this, it introduces the concept of “volumetric frictions,” referring to counter-hegemonic 3D practices where transformative discourses emerge, with a specific emphasis on gender-transformative discourses. Methodologically, the thesis aligns itself with critical methods, favoring theoretical frameworks and qualitative analysis. It presents the “carrier bag” as an innovative methodology, which stands as one of its primary contributions. The carrier bag framework facilitates the analysis across six key areas of interest, shaping the thesis and its findings: realism, science fiction, time, space, the body, and identity. It concludes organizing the discourse between queer theories, contemporary art, and 3D, providing a foundation for future research endeavors or curatorial projects.Programa de Doctorat en Comunicaci
Puig i Cadafalch a Romania: arquitectura, recerca, política
No full textJosep Puig i Cadafalch és principalment conegut, a Europa i els Estats Units, com a historiador de l'art romànic. Si bé la seva relació intel·lectual amb França és àmpliament coneguda, fins ara no s'ha parat prou atenció als seus contactes amb altres països. Basant- se principalment en els materials fins ara inèdits del Fons Puig i Cadafalch de l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya, aquest article explora les relacions de Puig més enllà del nucli francès, tot parant una atenció especial al cas de Romania. S'analitza el paper que l'estudi de les esglésies policromades de Moldàvia va tenir en la seva teoria sobre l'origen i evolució del primer art romànic, així com la dimensió política dels seus contactes amb Nicolae Iorga i altres intel·lectuals romanesos de primer ordre. A partir d'aquests nous materials, l'article pretén replantejar la naturalesa de la filiació de Puig al positivisme historiogràfic, així com oferir una nova perspectiva sobre la continuïtat de la seva activitat política i de recerca abans i després del cop d'estat de Primo de Rivera el 1923
Adaptative mechanisms of sleep for cognition and memory
No full textDurant el son, els estímuls sensorials externs es filtren mentre el cervell es prepara per consolidar nous records. Aquest equilibri sorgeix d’alternar recursos endògens entre la vigilància de l’entorn i la consolidació de memòries. Els fusos i les oscil·lacions lentes mantenen la continuïtat del son filtrant estímuls sensorials i afavorint la memòria. Hem investigat la resposta a estímuls auditius complexos durant el son, utilitzant un paradigma naturalista per avaluar si fusos i oscil·lacions lentes es modulaven segons expectatives musicals generades. Per aprofundir en el paper de les oscil·lacions en l’estabilització de l’aprenentatge diari, vam examinar una malaltia neurodesenvolupamental amb discapacitat intel·lectual sense tasca prèvia al son. Vam trobar que les oscil·lacions del son poden passar de filtrar estímuls auditius complexos a donar suport a processos endògens de consolidació. Els dèficits d’aquestes oscil·lacions en consolidar memòries van revelar un perfil matisat amb potencial per estratificar pacients i guiar estratègies terapèutiques.During sleep, external sensory stimuli are filtered as the brain prepares to consolidate new memories. This balance arises from alternating endogenous resources between environmental monitoring and enabling systems consolidation and synaptic regulation. Spindles and slow oscillations preserve sleep continuity by filtering sensory input and aiding memory strengthening. We investigated how complex auditory stimuli are processed during sleep, using a novel naturalistic auditory paradigm to assess whether spindles and SOs were modulated by musical expectations. To further explore sleep oscillations’ role in stabilizing daily learning, we examined a neurodevelopmental disease with intellectual disability to address trait-like memory consolidation mechanisms without a pre-sleep task. We found that sleep oscillations may shift from gating complex auditory stimuli to supporting endogenous consolidation processes. Sleep oscillation deficits in memory consolidation revealed a nuanced profile potentially aiding patient stratification and guiding novel therapeutic strategies.Programa de Doctorat en Biomedicin
"Conversion and persuasion in medieval islamicate cultures": ensayo introductorio
No full textExamining coherence and cohesion errors in writing Catalan as an additional language
No full textThis study presents an analysis of a corpus of short texts written by French-speaking students of Catalan as an additional language. The research showed the frequent occurrence of errors of coherence and cohesion, though frequencies varied somewhat according to the student's prior knowledge of other languages in writing. These results were the basis for online exercises featuring brief grammatical explanations for each error. The exercises were tested on French-speaking students of intermediate-level Catalan, who also answered an online questionnaire about their perceptions of the exercises as well as their use of first and additional languages. Scores and questionnaire responses together suggest that combining corpus-based error analysis and online exercises anticipating these errors may constitute a feasible and effective methodology to enhance language learning