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Fragmentos de una nación: memoria, melancolía y representación de la historia en la narrativa ecuatoriana de los ochenta
No full textEsta investigación se propone analizar algunos ejemplos de la narrativa ecuatoriana posterior al 1979 en relación con la memoria y las diversas formas de representación de este momento histórico. Desde el análisis de cuatro textos narrativos representativos, se buscará examinar su relación con la memoria individual y colectiva. Asimismo, se buscará aportar nuevos enfoques que partan del estudio formal de las obras del corpus y de la consideración de la crítica y recepción de estas para reinscribir el sentido de estas tanto en la tradición literaria nacional, así como su valor como objetos culturales en el marco de la identidad de país.This research aims to analyze examples of Ecuadorian narrative post-1979 in relation to memory and the various forms of representation of this historical moment. Through the analysis of four representative narrative texts, the study will examine their connection with individual and collective memory. It also seeks to contribute new approaches based on the formal study of the works in the corpus and considering the critique and reception of these, to recontextualize their meaning in both the national literary tradition and their value as cultural objects within the framework of the country's identity.Programa de Doctorat en Humanitat
Dynamics of gut resistome and mobilome in early life: a meta-analysis
No full textBackground: The gut microbiota of infants harbours a higher proportion of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) compared to adults, even in infants never exposed to antibiotics. Our study aims to elucidate this phenomenon by analysing how different perinatal factors influence the presence of ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and their bacterial hosts in the infant gut. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and Embase up to April 3rd, 2023, for studies reporting infant cohorts with shotgun metagenomic sequencing of stool samples. The systematic search identified 14 longitudinal infant cohorts from 10 countries across three continents, featuring publicly available sequencing data with corresponding metadata. For subsequent integrative bioinformatic analyses, we used 3981 high-quality metagenomic samples from 1270 infants and 415 mothers. Findings: We identified distinct trajectories of the resistome and mobilome associated with birth mode, gestational age, antibiotic use, and geographical location. Geographical variation was exemplified by differences between cohorts from Europe, Southern Africa, and Northern America, which showed variation in both diversity and abundance of ARGs. On the other hand, we did not detect a significant impact of breastfeeding on the infants' gut resistome. More than half of detected ARGs co-localised with plasmids in key bacterial hosts, such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. These ARG-associated plasmids were gradually lost during infancy. We also demonstrate that E. coli role as a primary modulator of the infant gut resistome and mobilome is facilitated by its increased abundance and strain diversity compared to adults. Interpretation: Birth mode, gestational age, antibiotic exposure, and geographical location significantly influence the development of the infant gut resistome and mobilome. A reduction in E. coli relative abundance over time appears as a key factor driving the decrease in both resistome and plasmid relative abundance as infants grow. Funding: Centre for Advanced Study in Oslo, Norway. Centre for New Antibacterial Strategies through the Tromsø Research Foundation, Norway
La Tutela ejecutiva en el sistema interamericano de derechos humanos: hacia un estándar convencional de efectividad
No full textLa presente investigación realiza un estudio de las problemáticas en torno al cumplimiento y ejecución de las sentencias de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, uno de los principales desafíos actuales que se presentan en esta jurisdicción.
El punto de partida y la propuesta que atraviesa toda la investigación tiene como eje esencial robustecer los derechos de las personas beneficiarias de las sentencias interamericanas, elevando la protección convencional de su ejecución en la dimensión sustantiva y no meramente procesal.
Con esa finalidad, la tutela ejecutiva cristaliza esa atribución para materializar, en un plazo razonable, las medidas reparatorias y obligaciones de otro tipo declaradas en los fallos que dicta la Corte, ensanchando los mecanismos de reclamo a través de garantías jurisdiccionales específicas que tienden a efectivizar esas resoluciones en el ámbito interno e internacional.The investigation carries out a study of the problems surrounding compliance and enforcement of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights judgements, one of the main current challenges of the inter-american jurisdiction.
The starting point and the proposal have as its essential axis to strengthen the rights of the beneficiaries of inter-American judgments, raising the conventional protection of their enforcement in the substantive dimension and not merely procedural.
To this end, the right to enforce these judgments crystallizes this attribution to materialize, within a reasonable period, the reparatory measures and obligations declared in the Inter-American Court rulings, broadening the claim mechanisms through specific jurisdictional guarantees that ensure its compliance at the domestic and international level.Programa de doctorat en Dre
The Spanish Polygenic Score reference distribution: a resource for personalized medicine
No full textData de publicació electrònica: 24-04-2025Here we present the Polygenic Score (PGS) distributions for 3124 common diseases and quantitative traits observed in the Spanish population. To achieve so, the genomes and exomes of 2190 unrelated individuals of Spanish ancestry were used. The analysis covered a wide range of diseases and traits, including both complex disorders, such as various types of cancer, and disorders associated with the digestive, cardiovascular, neuronal, and immune systems, as well as quantitative traits like hematological and anthropometric measurements. The resulting PGS distributions provide valuable insights into the genetic architecture of the Spanish population, offering a comprehensive framework for investigating disease susceptibility and potential risk factors in this specific population. The study has also explored potential relationships between diseases and traits based on PGS pairwise correlations, revealing significant correlations that warrant further investigation. These findings have contributed to increase our understanding of the genetic basis of human traits and have implications for personalized medicine and public health interventions in the Spanish population. In addition, for the sake of reproducibility, we provide a data processing pipeline, enabling the computation of PGS for external genomes and exomes. The pipeline, accessible on GitHub, supports parallel tasks on various computing platforms and contributes to the standardization of PGS comparisons globally. Lastly, a user-friendly web interface facilitates the exploration of PGS reference distributions, featuring a detailed table, distribution plots, and filtering options. This interface enhances accessibility for researchers and clinicians, fostering informed decision-making based on population-specific PGS distributions. The PGS reference distributions can be explored at the SpPGS Atlas repository through the web interface: https://csvs.clinbioinfosspa.es/?tab=pgs.This work is supported by Postdoctoral Grant RH-0052-2021 of Rosario Carmona from Junta de Andalucía (Consejería de Salud y Familias), co-funded by the European Union, European Social Fund (FSE) 2014-2020, and also by grants PID2020-117979RB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, IMPaCT-Data IMP/00019 from the ISCIII, co-funded with European Regional Development Funds (ERDF)
A Novel method for open-vocabulary panoptic segmentation
No full textTreball fi de màster de: Erasmus Mundus joint Master in Artificial Intelligence (EMAI)Mentor: Prof. dr. Matej Kristan
Co-mentor: Dr. Josip SaricOpen-vocabulary panoptic segmentation aims to segment and classify visual content into both known and unseen categories using natural language supervision. While class-agnostic mask generators produce reasonably high quality masks, this thesis identifies two main bottlenecks limiting performance: mask quality assessment, where valid masks are often mistakenly discarded as background, and semantic classification, which remains challenging especially for unseen categories. To address these, we propose a two part solution: a novel background mask reclassification module that recovers valid masks misclassified as background, and a CLIP fine-tuning strategy that preserves alignment between visual and textual embeddings. Together, these methods improve panoptic quality (PQ) on ADE20K from a baseline of 26.6 to 27.94, with analysis showing that addressing errors in mask quality and semantic classification could theoretically increase PQ to 65.9. These findings offer practical advancements and valuable insights toward bridging the gap between open- and closed-vocabulary segmentation
Prediction and characterizacion of enhancer clusters in an induced cell-fate transition model
No full textLarge clusters of enhancers often regulate lineage instructive genes. Whether individual enhancers of a cluster cooperate or act independently in regulating gene expression is unknown. Current algorithms that identify such clusters are limited to their input genomic dataset types and have been criticized for their specificity and sensitivity. In this thesis, we describe a new computational framework for the identification of enhancer clusters, termed SEGCOND. We applied SEGCOND to next-generation sequencing datasets derived from different time points of a B-cell to macrophage transdifferentiation model. SEGCOND predicted novel, differentiation stage-dependent enhancer clusters that display hallmarks of previously described clusters, such as association with highly expressed, lineage-specific genes. We performed single and combinatorial enhancer excisions in two predicted clusters, harboring the IRF8 and FOS genes, and monitored their effects on gene expression and transdifferentiation dynamics. This revealed that the enhancers within the two clusters either synergize or antagonize each other in a differentiation stage-dependent manner. These results highlight an unexpected functional complexity of enhancer clusters and suggest that they are more than the sum of their constituent individual parts.Grandes grupos de enhancers frecuentemente controlan la expresión de genes reguladores del linaje celular. Se desconoce si los enhancers de un grupo cooperan entre ellos o actúan de forma independiente en la regulación de la expresión génica. Los algoritmos actuales para la identificación de dichos grupos están limitados por los tipos de datos genómicos que utilizan y además presentan una baja sensibilidad y especificidad. En esta tesis, describimos una nueva herramienta informática para la identificación de grupos de enhancers, denominada SEGCOND. Aplicamos SEGCOND a un conjunto de datos de secuenciación masiva derivados de diferentes puntos temporales de un modelo de transdiferenciación de células B a macrófagos. SEGCOND predijo nuevos grupos de enhancers con características específicas de los estadios de diferenciación del sistema descrito anteriormente, como la asociación con genes marcadores de linaje con niveles altos de expresión. Para validar la importancia de los nuevos grupos de enhancers identificados con SEGCOND, realizamos escisiones de enhancers individuales y en combinación en dos de los grupos predichos, que albergan los genes IRF8 y FOS. Posteriormente, analizamos los efectos de las escisiones sobre la expresión génica y la dinámica de transdiferenciación. Estos experimentos revelaron que los enhancers dentro de los dos grupos actúan de manera sinérgica o se antagonizan entre sí en función del grado de diferenciación. En conjunto, los resultados presentados en esta tesis ponen de manifiesto que los grupos de enhancers tienen una complejidad funcional superior a la anteriormente descrita lo cual sugiere que su función reguladora no deriva de la simple suma de sus partes individuales.Programa de Doctorat en Biomedicin
Aproximación criminológica al delito fiscal
No full textTreball de Fi de Grau en Criminologia i Polítiques Públiques de Prevenció. Curs 2024-2025Tutor: Albert González JiménezEl delito fiscal representa una de las manifestaciones más graves de la delincuencia de cuello blanco, con consecuencias significativas para el erario público y el sistema económico. Su complejidad técnica, junto con el perfil socioeconómico de sus autores y la percepción social que lo rodea, dificultan su investigación y persecución, generando un clima de impunidad que menoscaba la confianza en las instituciones.
Ante esta problemática, este trabajo busca analizar el delito fiscal desde una perspectiva criminológica, examinando el proceso de investigación y persecución de este fenómeno en España, así como las dificultades que le son inherentes. Para ello, se ha empleado una metodología basada en entrevistas semi-estructuradas a ocho fiscales de la Fiscalía del área especializada en Delitos Económicos, complementadas con una revisión bibliográfica de algunas de las principales aportaciones criminológicas sobre la delincuencia de cuello blanco y el delito de defraudación tributaria.
Los resultados obtenidos destacan la existencia de importantes obstáculos en la persecución del delito fiscal, como la sofisticación de los métodos defraudatorios, la falta de especialización judicial y la escasa conciencia social sobre su impacto. Asimismo, se evidencian limitaciones en la aplicación efectiva de las sanciones
Comunicació de crisi en ajuntaments de menys de cinc mil habitants: diagnosi i manual d’actuació per a una gestió eficaç
No full textMàster en Comunicació Política i Institucional (UPF Barcelona School of Management). Curs 2024-2025Tutor: Carles Pont SorribesEls municipis de menys de 5.000 habitants representen més del 80% del total a Catalunya i són una peça clau de l’estructura territorial i social del país (Idescat, 2024). Tanmateix, presenten limitacions importants en matèria de comunicació, especialment en situacions d’emergència i crisi, on la rapidesa, la claredat i la credibilitat són crucials. Sense protocols ni equips especialitzats, el risc que el relat de la crisi escapi del control institucional creix i genera desinformació i desconfiança. Malgrat la seva importància, la comunicació de crisi al món local és un camp poc estudiat: la literatura se centra sobretot en grans institucions i empreses, deixant en segon pla la realitat dels municipis petits. Aquest projecte aborda aquest buit amb una aproximació qualitativa que posa de relleu les dificultats, pràctiques i pors dels equips municipals, per finalment elaborar un manual d’actuació adaptat a les seves necessitats. El treball combina recerca acadèmica i aplicació professional, amb la voluntat de ser útil a alcaldes, regidors i equips locals que sovint han d’afrontar emergències en condicions de màxima pressió i amb pocs recursos.Municipalities with fewer than 5,000 inhabitants account for more than 80% of the total in Catalonia and are a key component of the country’s territorial and social structure (Idescat, 2024). However, they face significant limitations in terms of communication, especially in emergency and crisis situations, where speed, clarity, and credibility are crucial. Without protocols or specialized teams, the risk that the narrative of a crisis escapes institutional control increases, generating misinformation and distrust. Despite their importance, crisis communication at the local level is an under -researched field: the literature mainly focuses on large institutions and corporations, leaving the reality of small municipalities in the background. This project addresses this gap through a qualitative approach that highlights the difficulties, practices, and concerns of municipal teams, ultimately developing an operational manual tailored to their needs. The work combines academic research and professional application, aiming to be useful for mayors, councillors, and local teams who often have to face emergencies under maximum pressure and with limited resources
The role of Frutiger Aero aesthetics as a visual nostalgic medium in Chinese Dreamcore Visual imagery
No full textTreball de Fi de Màster en Estudis d'Àsia-Pacífic en un context global. Curs 2024-2025Tutora: Nausikaä El-MeckyThis thesis investigates the role of Frutiger Aero aesthetics as a visual medium of nostalgia within Chinese Dreamcore imagery, a genre of algorithmically disseminated videos that integrate visual references from the 2000s. The study examines how the rise of Chinese Dreamcore on Chinese video platform Bilibili reflects the emergence of a digitally mediated and emotionally coded form of reflective nostalgia. Through this study of Chinese Dreamcore, the thesis contributes to current debates on affective media and the politics of nostalgia. It concludes that visual nostalgia in the digital age is a technologically mediated emotional template shaped by algorithmic infrastructures that respond to and reinforce platform-driven affective demands. This structure offers comfort while simultaneously stylizing collective memory, raising critical questions about how emotional perception is structured, circulated, and consumed within platform-based visual culture
The multi-omics signatures of telomere length in childhood
No full textBackground: Telomere length is an important indicator of biological age and a complex multi-factor trait. To date, the telomere interactome for comprehending the high-dimensional biological aspects linked to telomere regulation during childhood remains unexplored. Here we describe the multi-omics signatures associated with childhood telomere length. Methods: This study included 1001 children aged 6 to 11 years from the Human Early-life Exposome (HELIX) project. Telomere length was quantified via qPCR in peripheral blood of the children. Blood DNA methylation, gene expression, miRNA expression, plasma proteins and serum and urinary metabolites were measured through microarrays or (semi-) targeted assays. The association between each individual omics feature and telomere length was assessed in omics-wide association analyses. In addition, a literature-guided, sparse supervised integration method was applied to multiple omics, and latent components were extracted as predictors of child telomere length. The association of these latent components with early-life aging risk factors (child lifestyle, body mass index (BMI), exposure to smoking, etc.), were interrogated. Results: After multiple-testing correction, only two CpGs (cg23686403 and cg16238918 at PARD6G gene) out of all the omics features were significantly associated with child telomere length. The supervised multi-omics integration approach revealed robust associations between latent components and child BMI, with metabolites and proteins emerging as the primary contributing features. In these latent components, the contributing molecular features were known as involved in metabolism and immune regulation-related pathways. Conclusions: Findings of this multi-omics study suggested an intricate interplay between telomere length, metabolism and immune responses, providing valuable insights into the molecular underpinnings of the early-life biological aging.The study has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 874583 (ATHLETE project). Data were collected as part of the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007 − 206) under grant agreement no 308333 (HELIX project). The genotyping was supported by the projects PI17/01225 and PI17/01935, funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-funded by the European Union (ERDF, “A way to make Europe”) and the Centro Nacional de Genotipado-CEGEN (PRB2-ISCIII). BiB received core infrastructure funding from the Wellcome Trust (WT101597MA) and a joint grant from the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the Economic and Social Science Research Council (ESRC) (MR/N024397/1). INMA data collections were supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERESP, and the Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT. KANC was funded by a grant from the Lithuanian Agency for Science Innovation and Technology (6-04-2014_31V-66). The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research. The Rhea project was financially supported by European projects (EU FP6-2003-Food-3-NewGeneris, EU FP6. STREP Hiwate, EU FP7 ENV.2007.1.2.2.2. Project No 211250 Escape, EU FP7-2008-ENV-1.2.1.4 Envirogenomarkers, EU FP7-HEALTH-2009- single stage CHICOS, EU FP7 ENV.2008.1.2.1.6. Proposal No 226285 ENRIECO, EU- FP7- HEALTH-2012 Proposal No 308333 HELIX), and the Greek Ministry of Health (Program of Prevention of obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders in preschool children, in Heraklion district, Crete, Greece: 2011–2014; “Rhea Plus”: Primary Prevention Program of Environmental Risk Factors for Reproductive Health, and Child Health: 2012-15). ISGlobal acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023” Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. L.M. is funded by a Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación fellowship (IJC2018-035394-I) awarded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad. The CRG/UPF Proteomics Unit is part of the Spanish Infrastructure for Omics Technologies (ICTS OmicsTech). D.S.M. holds a postdoctoral grant from the Research Foundations Flanders (FWO grants 12 × 9623 N)