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Recent developments in location-routing problems: deterministic single-echelon, single-objective, single-period problems
No full textData de publicació electrònica: 24-10-2025Location-routing problems (LRPs) simultaneously decide on the locations of facilities and routes originating from these facilities to serve a set of customers. This survey describes recent developments in deterministic, single-objective LRPs with a single echelon and a single planning period. We give detailed summaries of the papers, focusing on the central properties of the described problems and the proposed solution methods. We identify shortcomings in the current literature, provide recommendations to mitigate them, highlight application cases, and list promising topics for further research
Recensión jurisprudencial: el diálogo constitucional entre la Sala Constitucional y el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones
No full textA través de su sentencia n.° 9069-E9-2024, el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, en consideración del voto n.° 35449-2024 de la Sala Constitucional, rechazó, por primera vez en su historia, una solicitud de recolección de firmas para la convocatoria a un referéndum por iniciativa ciudadana, dados los roces de constitucionalidad identificados por el tribunal constitucional en la iniciativa legislativa. Al analizar la resolución del TSE, se aprecia la vocación de diálogo con la Sala Constitucional y, por extensión, el cumplimiento de su nuevo rol en el trámite de las iniciativas de referéndum: el de juez que, ante una duda de constitucionalidad, consulta al órgano encargado del control de la constitucionalidad su parecer sobre el particular
Lack of context modulation in human single neuron responses in the medial temporal lobe
No full textIn subjects implanted with intracranial electrodes, we use two different stories involving the same person (or place) to evaluate whether and to what extent context modulates human single-neuron responses. Nearly all neurons (97% during encoding and 100% during recall) initially responding to a person/place do not modulate their response with context. Likewise, nearly none (<1%) of the initially non-responsive neurons show conjunctive coding, responding to particular persons/places in a particular context during the tasks. In line with these findings, taking all neurons together it is possible to decode the person/place being depicted in each story, but not the particular story. Moreover, the neurons show consistent results across encoding and recall of the stories and during passive viewing of pictures. These results suggest a context invariant, non-conjunctive coding of memories at the single-neuron level in the human hippocampus and amygdala, in contrast to what has been described in other species
Nash versus Kant: a game-theoretic analysis of childhood vaccination behavior
No full textThe vaccination game exhibits positive externalities. The standard game-theoretic approach assumes that parents make decisions according to the Nash protocol, which is individualistic and non-cooperative. However, in more solidaristic societies, parents may behave cooperatively, optimizing according to the Kantian protocol, in which the equilibrium is efficient. We develop a random utility model of vaccination behavior and prove that the equilibrium coverage rate is larger with the Kant protocol than with the Nash one. Using survey data collected from six countries, we calibrate the parameters of the vaccination game, compute both Nash equilibrium and Kantian equilibrium profiles, and compare them with observed vaccination behavior. We find evidence that parents demonstrate cooperative behavior in all six countries. The study highlights the importance of cooperation in shaping vaccination behavior and underscores the need to consider these factors in public health interventions.Philippe De Donder acknowledges the French ANR under grant ANR-17-EURE-0010 (EUR CHESS) for financial support. Humberto Llavador acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), through the Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (Barcelona School of Economics CEX2019-000915-S) and the grants PID2023-153318NB-I00 and PID2022-138443NB-I00. John Roemer acknowledges the Institute for Social and Policy Studies at Yale University for financial support
Repensar l'economia de les Illes
No full textResponent a la invitació que ens ha fet la directiva del Cercle d’Economia de Mallorca, resumim tot seguit un conjunt d’idees que considerem operatives per repensar les Illes Balears en el quinquenni que s’albira amb el nou any. Ho volem fer amb humilitat, sabent que ningú posseeix la veritat absoluta, conscients de la dificultat de la tasca i sense cap altra voluntat que contribuir al debat per encaminar un futur de més benestar per als nostres conciutadans. Aquestes són les nostres cinc idees principals. En altres treballs ja n’hem detallat l’abast de la
majoria d’elles
Assessing a domain-adaptive deployment workflow for selective audio recording in wildlife acoustic monitoring
No full textPassive acoustic monitoring is a valuable tool for wildlife research, but scheduled recording often results in large volumes of audio, much of which may not be of interest. Selective audio recording, where audio is only saved when relevant activity is detected, offers an effective alternative. In this work, we leverage a low-cost embedded system that implements selective recording using an on-device classification model and evaluate its deployment for detecting penguin vocalizations. To address the domain shift between training and deployment conditions (e.g., environment, recording device), we propose a lightweight domain adaptation strategy based on fine-tuning the model with a small amount of location-specific data. We replicate realistic deployment scenarios using data from two geographically distinct locations, Antarctica and Falkland Islands, and assess the impact of fine-tuning on classification and selective recording performance. Our results show that fine-tuning with location-specific data substantially improves generalization ability and reduces both false positives and false negatives in selective recording. These findings highlight the value of integrating model fine-tuning into field monitoring workflows, in order to improve the reliability of acoustic data collection
Design, development, and deployment of real-time drum accompaniment systems
No full textThis dissertation examines the generation of real-time symbolic drum accompaniments, with a particular focus on live improvisation contexts. While the research does occasionally focus on the audio domain, the majority of the research is centered on symbolic-to-symbolic systems. This dissertation addresses real-time drum accompaniment from multiple perspectives: (1) conceptual, where a target application is designed based on a set of specified requirements, (2) architectural, where specific generative models are designed and developed for the selected conceptual design, and (3) from a deployment aspect, where the conceptual design is realized and evaluated. Throughout this work, three accompaniment systems were developed and refined. As a secondary outcome, this research also produced NeuralMidiFx, a toolkit designed to streamline the integration of generative neural networks into \acrshort{vst} plugins. Furthermore, two novel datasets, TapTamDrum and El Bongosero, were collected to support future research in areas ranging from rhythm perception to music generation.Aquesta tesi examina la generació d’acompanyaments de bateria simbòlica en temps real, amb un enfocament particular en contexts d’improvisació en directe. Tot i que la recerca es centra ocasionalment en l'àudio, la major part s’enfoca en sistemes simbòlic-a-simbòlic. Aquesta dissertació aborda l'acompanyament de bateria en temps real des de múltiples perspectives: (1) conceptual, on es dissenya una aplicació basada en requisits específics, (2) arquitectònica, on es desenvolupen models generatius per al disseny seleccionat, i (3) de desplegament, on el disseny es realitza i s'avalua. Al llarg d'aquest treball, s'han desenvolupat i perfeccionat tres sistemes d'acompanyament. A més, la recerca ha donat lloc a NeuralMidiFx, una eina per facilitar la integració de xarxes neuronals generatives en VSTs. També es van crear dos conjunts de dades, TapTamDrum i El Bongosero, per donar suport a futures investigacions en percepció rítmica i generació musical.Esta tesis examina la generación de acompañamientos de batería simbólica en tiempo real, con un enfoque particular en contextos de improvisación en vivo. Aunque la investigación cubre ocasionalmente el dominio del audio, la mayor parte se centra en sistemas simbólico-a-simbólico. Esta disertación aborda el acompañamiento de batería en tiempo real desde múltiples perspectivas: (1) conceptual, donde se diseña una aplicación basada en un conjunto de requisitos especificados, (2) arquitectónica, donde se diseñan y desarrollan modelos generativos específicos para el diseño conceptual seleccionado, y (3) de implementación, donde se realiza y evalúa el diseño conceptual. A lo largo de este trabajo, se han desarrollado y refinado tres sistemas de acompañamiento. Además, como resultado secundario, se desarrolló NeuralMidiFx, una herramienta que facilita la integración de redes neuronales generativas en plugins \acrshort{vst}. También se recopilaron dos conjuntos de datos, TapTamDrum y El Bongosero, para apoyar investigaciones futuras sobre percepción rítmica y generación musical.Programa de Doctorat en Tecnologies de la Informació i les Comunicacion
Turbulence as a framework for brain dynamics in health and disease
No full textTurbulence is a universal principle for fast energy and information transfer. Moving beyond the turbulence of fluid dynamics, turbulence has recently been demonstrated in brain dynamics. Importantly, turbulence can be expressed as the rich variability across spacetime of the local levels of synchronisation of coupled brain signals. In fact, the optimal mixing properties of turbulence is what allows for efficient transfer of energy/information over space and time in the brain. This is especially important for survival given the need to overcome the inherent slowness in neural dynamics. Here, we review the research showing that the turbulence offers a convenient framework for describing brain dynamics and that the scale-free nature of turbulence, reflected in power-laws, provides the necessary mechanisms for time-critical information transfer in the brain. Whole-brain modelling of turbulence as coupled-oscillators has been shown to provide precise signatures of many different brain states. The levels of turbulence change in disease, and careful research of the vortex space could potentially help discover new avenues for a better understanding of this breakdown and offer better control of these highly non-linear, non-equilibrium states. Overall, the framework of the turbulent brain is a highly fertile, fast developing field with great potential.G.D. is supported by Grant PID2022-136216NB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe", ERDF, EU, Project NEurological MEchanismS of Injury, and Sleep-like cellular dynamics (NEMESIS) (ref. 101071900) funded by the EU ERC Synergy Horizon Europe, and AGAUR research support grant (ref. 2021 SGR 00917) funded by the Department of Research and Universities of the Generalitat of Catalunya. Y.S.P. is supported by was supported by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant 896354 and the project NEurological MEchanismS of Injury, and Sleep-like cellular dynamics (NEMESIS) (ref. 101071900) funded by the EU ERC Synergy Horizon Europe. M.L.K. is supported by the Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing (funded by the Pettit and Carlsberg Foundations) and Center for Music in the Brain (funded by the Danish National Research Foundation, DNRF117)
La inteligencia artificial y su impacto en el gobierno corporativo: un análisis normativo desde el reglamento (UE) 2024/1689
No full textTreball de Fi de Grau en Dret. Curs 2024-2025Tutor: Fernando Cerdá AlberoEn este trabajo de fin de grado he analizado el impacto jurídico de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en el gobierno corporativo, con especial atención al marco normativo de la Unión Europea, centrado en el Reglamento (UE) 2024/1689 (en adelante, el Reglamento, o RIA, según el contexto). A partir de una revisión sistemática del Reglamento y de instrumentos como el Libro Blanco sobre la IA, he examinado cómo las obligaciones que impone esta normativa afectan directamente a las estructuras de decisión empresarial y a los deberes de los administradores.
He identificado que, si bien el Reglamento establece un marco basado en el riesgo, su implementación en el contexto español presenta vacíos relevantes, especialmente en lo relativo a la integración de estos sistemas en el órgano de gobierno corporativo. La ausencia de directrices específicas en el derecho societario actual puede dar lugar a inseguridad jurídica y dificultades en la atribución de responsabilidades. Asimismo, he analizado la situación de estancamiento legislativo en torno a la Propuesta de Directiva sobre responsabilidad civil por daños causados por sistemas de IA. Aunque su retirada no ha sido confirmada oficialmente, en el draft opinion del Comité IMCO del Parlamento Europeo se exponen los motivos que podrían haber llevado a dicha situación, lo cual también ha sido abordado en diversas publicaciones periodísticas, como Euractiv, Euronews, DPL News y Red Seguridad.
Concluyo que la regulación emergente es necesaria y viable, pero requiere ajustes en el marco jurídico español para garantizar su efectividad y coherencia. Igualmente, este trabajo abre nuevas vías para futuras investigaciones sobre la determinación del alcance de la responsabilidad penal por decisiones algorítmicas, los derechos digitales en el entorno societario, la regulación comparada de la IA en el gobierno corporativo a nivel global, y —de manera cada vez más relevante— el impacto ambiental y económico del uso masivo de IA en las empresas, sobre todo en relación con el consumo energético, la utilización intensiva de agua para refrigeración y la dependencia de materias primas esenciales