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High resolution assessment of air quality and health in Europe under different climate mitigation scenarios
No full textClimate change mitigation policies lower greenhouse gas emissions and generally reduce fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations, hereby bringing health co-benefits. Yet, the spatial and distributional air quality co-benefits in Europe of such policies are not fully understood. Here, We quantify premature mortality from air pollution in 1366 regions of Europe for different scenarios obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. We model PM2.5 concentrations at high spatial resolution and then combine it with population data and regional age structure and total mortality, to calculate attributable deaths. We find that the share of the European population meeting WHO (World Health Organization) guideline value for PM2.5 could exceed 90% by 2100 under the most ambitious scenario, while less than 10% under the least ambitious one. Corresponding premature deaths in Europe would total 67,000 (95% CI: 13,000-141,000) per year by the end of the century compared to 282,000 (95% CI: 202,000-364,000)
Fra lessico geografico e geografia linguistica: il libro XV de l'Elucidari de las proprietatz de totas res naturals
No full textEmergencia y consolidación de regímenes autoritarios de derecha con amplio respaldo de los sectores populares: un estudio comparado entre perú y colombia (1990-2010).
No full textUn nuevo ciclo de las derechas y del autoritarismo político surgió en América Latina tras el fin de la Guerra Fría. Dos casos destacaron por encima del resto: los regímenes políticos de Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000) y de Álvaro Uribe Vélez (2002-2010) en Perú y Colombia respectivamente, los cuales contaron con un significativo respaldo y aprobación popular. Esta investigación se propone, desde una perspectiva histórica comparada, explicar el surgimiento y consolidación del fujimorismo y del uribismo a finales del siglo XX e inicios del XXI, especialmente en las principales ciudades de cada país. Para ello se hace uso de un enfoque multidimensional, que combina factores históricos estructurales y coyunturales, esto es, relaciona tres temporalidades. Asimismo, discute los mecanismos de dominación implementados en cada caso (desde arriba), a la vez que examina la recepción popular de dichos mecanismos de poder (desde abajo). La tesis contribuye a ofrecer explicaciones procesuales que dan cuenta de las complejas relaciones de poder y superan la dicotomía y el mecanicismo prevaleciente en la historiografía.A new cycle of right-wing and political authoritarianism emerged in Latin America after the end of the Cold War. Two prominent cases stand out above the rest: the political regimes of Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000) and Alvaro Uribe Velez (2002-2010) in Peru and Colombia, respectively, which had significant approval and popular support. From a comparative history perspective, this dissertation seeks to explain the emergence and consolidation of fujimorism and uribism at the end of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first century, especially in the main cities of each country. To do this, it makes use of a multidimensional approach, which combines structural and conjunctural historical factors, that is, it relates three temporalities. From a top-down perspective, it discusses the mechanisms of domination implemented in each case, while examining the popular reception of these mechanisms of power from below. This doctoral thesis contributes to offer processual explanations that account for the complex power relations and overcome the dichotomy and mechanism prevailing in historiography.Programa de Doctorat en Històri
Computational multiscale modeling of pulsed field ablation considering conductivity and damage anisotropy reveals deep lesion morphologies
No full textPulsed Field Ablation (PFA) is an electroporation-based treatment modality to perform cardiac tissue ablations. Heart parenchyma is mainly constituted by elongated myocytes organized in fibers. This anisotropic morphology results in a preferential pathway for the electric current to flow along. Assuming conventional PFA modeling approaches in which lesions form where the electric field surpasses a threshold, such conductance anisotropy would result in relatively wide and shallow lesion morphologies when PFA applications are delivered with a focal monopolar catheter. Contrary to that, some recent preclinical data present narrow and deep elongated lesions. This study presents a multiscale simulation approach able to estimate electroporation treatment outcomes when applied in a highly anisotropic tissue such as the myocardium. In this work, a microscopic model was first implemented mimicking the conformation of the cardiac tissue. Longitudinal and transversal electric fields at different frequencies and magnitudes were applied to characterize the expected anisotropic behavior at the tissue level in terms of electric conductivity and expected membrane disruption due to electroporation. Second, the microscopic characterization was integrated into a macroscopic model of a focal ablation catheter in contact with the myocardial tissue to simulate the delivery of monopolar PFA treatments. The microscopic simulations results show that when low electric field magnitudes are applied, the induced membrane disruptions predominantly appear in fibers parallel to the electric field. However, at higher field magnitudes, a demarcated superior sensitivity is observed in perpendicular orientation. The integration of these anisotropic properties into the macroscopic model predicts width/depth ratios of 1.2 compared to the ratios of about 2 predicted with conventional modeling. In this work, the presented multiscale model and approach can predict relatively narrow and deep lesions, as observed preclinically
Circadian regulation of macrophages in homeostasis and disease
No full textEls ritmes circadians són oscil·lacions diàries en paràmetres fisiològics necessaris per a què els organismes adaptin la seva activitat als cicles de llum i foscor. A nivell molecular, la maquinària circadiana consisteix en bucles oscil·latoris de traducció-transcripció dirigides per l’activitat de les proteïnes BMAL1 i CLOCK de manera autònoma a cada cèl·lula. La maquinària circadiana regula l’activitat de diversos tipus de cèl·lules immunitàries, inclosos els macròfags. Concretament, BMAL1 pot controlar la magnitud diària de les respostes inflamatòries dels macròfags.
En el present treball, es caracteritza la regulació circadiana dels macròfags en contextos encara no explorats. Hem analitzat l’expressió i els patrons oscil·ladors dels components del rellotge en poblacions de macròfags i també hem valorat el paper potencial dels rellotges en les funcions dels macròfags. Presentem resultats identificant aspectes de la funció del rellotge en macròfags que poden ajudar a comprendre la influència dels ritmes circadians en la modulació de respostes immunitàries innates.Circadian rhythms are daily oscillations in physiological parameters required for organisms to adapt their activity to cycles of light and darkness. At the molecular level, the circadian machinery consists of cell-autonomous transcription-translation oscillation loops led by the activity of BMAL1 and CLOCK proteins. The circadian machinery regulates the activity of diverse immune cell types, including macrophages. Specifically, BMAL1 can control the daily magnitude of macrophage inflammatory responses.
In the present work we characterize the circadian regulation of macrophages in yet unexplored contexts. We have analyzed the expression and oscillatory patterns of clock components in macrophage populations, and also assessed the potential role of clocks in macrophage functions. We present results identifying aspects of clock function in macrophages that can help understand the influence of circadian rhythms in the modulation of innate immune responses.Programa de doctorat en Biomedicin
Critical analysis of preprints and inquiry-based lessons improve the synthetic biology learning experience
No full textSynthetic biology is a transformative field crucial to address global challenges. It is highly interdisciplinary, integrating different subjects beyond biology. Therefore, traditional lecture-based teaching methods often fall short in effectively covering the diverse and rapidly evolving advancements in synthetic biology. We developed active learning workflows for complementing classic theoretical lectures in universities to improve the synthetic biology learning experience. We used preprints as an educational resource for the students to critically analyze differences comparing manuscripts and the final published work. In addition, we designed a practical laboratory session where students had to infer the logic behind CRISPRi-based gene circuits that they assembled, thus engaging with every step of the design-build-test-learn cycle. Following these activities, 90% of the students reported having improved critical analysis skills and 80% felt that they had learned a wide range of synthetic biology concepts. These approaches demonstrate the potential of innovative teaching for synthetic biology, which helps students with both technical and soft skills at the same time and has the potential to be adapted to other fields.These teaching activities were funded by the Plan de Ayudas a la Calidad y la Innovación en el Aprendizaje y el Conocimiento (PlaCLIK) given by the Universitat Pompeu Fabra (E2023015973). J.S.-M. was funded by a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 882387) and a Juan de la Cierva Incorporación Fellowship (Grant IJC2020-043621-I funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR). G.N. was funded by an FI Fellowship (AGAUR-Catalan Government) cofunded by the European Social Fund (Award 2020 FI-B 00107)
Deep indel mutagenesis reveals the impact of amino acid insertions and deletions on protein stability and function
No full textAmino acid insertions and deletions (indels) are an abundant class of genetic variants. However, compared to substitutions, the effects of indels on protein stability are not well understood. To better understand indels here we analyse new and existing large-scale deep indel mutagenesis (DIM) of structurally diverse proteins. The effects of indels on protein stability vary extensively among and within proteins and are not well predicted by existing computational methods. To address this shortcoming we present INDELi, a series of models that combine experimental or predicted substitution effects and secondary structure information to provide good prediction of the effects of indels on both protein stability and pathogenicity. Moreover, quantifying the effects of indels on protein-protein interactions suggests that insertions can be an important class of gain-of-function variants. Our results provide an overview of the impact of indels on proteins and a method to predict their effects genome-wide.This work was funded by a European Research Council (ERC) Advanced (883742) grant, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (LCF/PR/HR21/52410004, EMBL Partnership, Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence), the Bettencourt Schueller Foundation, the AXA Research Fund, Agencia de Gestio d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR, 2017 SGR 1322), and the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. M.T. was funded by a Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Severo-Ochoa fellowship PRE2020-093984-SO. T.B. was funded by an EMBO (ALTF 183-2020) and Marie Skłodowska-Curie (101030961) fellowship
La presencia de la mística en el anarquismo postmetafísico
No full textLa mística, como fenómeno radical e irreductible a la institucionalidad religiosa, ha supuesto una corriente heterodoxa y antiautoritaria susceptible de ser interpretada en términos políticos. En el presente trabajo nos detendremos en algunos de los autores que han incurrido en esta interpretación desde la óptica del anarquismo y que lo han hecho además para replantearse las propias bases del pensamiento anarquista como tal. Así pues, de la mano de Reiner Schürmann, Saul Newman y Gustav Landauer y sus respectivas aproximaciones a la tradición mística —y, en particular, al misticismo especulativo del Maestro Eckhart— analizaremos el impacto y la presencia del pensamiento místico en aquellas rearticulaciones del anarquismo que, asumiendo el giro postmetafísico que ha marcado el devenir del pensamiento del siglo XX, han tratado de desembarazar al anarquismo clásico de sus supuestos ontológicos y epistemológicos para dar lugar a una comprensión más depurada y radical de la anarquía
"I jo duc una pena": animals i solitud en tres contes de Katherine Mansfield, Mercè Rodoreda i Clarice Lispector
No full textTreball de Fi de Grau en Humanitats. Curs 2024-2025Directora: Teresa VinardellAquest Treball de Final de Grau analitza, interpreta i compara tres contes de la narrativa contemporània: «Mr. and Mrs. Dove» (1922), de Katherine Mansfield, «La gallina» (1967), de Mercè Rodoreda, i «O búfalo» (1960), de Clarice Lispector, amb el propòsit d’aprofundir el lligam que s’hi estableix entre el tema de la solitud i el motiu literari de l’animal. En un primer moment, l’estudi fa un repàs de l’obra i la vida de les autores, amb la voluntat de destacar-ne els seus punts d’unió i justificar-ne la tria. Més endavant, s’aporten algunes consideracions entorn els animals, es defineixen ambdues espècies, la humana i l’animal, i s’aborden diverses paradoxes del seu vincle. Posteriorment, es fa un recorregut històric i teòric sobre el sentiment de la solitud, posant el focus en la seva percepció al s. XX, moment en què s’escriuen les històries escollides. Tot seguit, s’introdueix el gènere conte i el lloc que ocupen les escriptores estudiades en aquesta tradició literària. A l’últim, considerant aquestes tres bases teòriques — sobre els animals, la solitud i el conte—, el treball desenvolupa de manera més exhaustiva una anàlisi dels tres relats esmentats
Españoles en Cantón: los Diarios de Manuel de Agote, primer factor de la Real Compañía de Filipinas en China (1787-1796)
No full textManuel de Agote y Bonechea, viajero y primer factor de la Real Compañía de Filipinas en Cantón entre 1787 y 1796, dejó escritas sus impresiones en una serie de diarios que se conservan en el Untzi Museoa-Museo Naval de San Sebastián. En el presente artículo analizamos su labor al frente de la factoría partiendo de la información que se desprende de sus Diarios, y en los que se pueden ver las actividades de la Compañía en China, sus relaciones con los comerciantes chinos y los sobrecargos de las compañías privilegiadas, además de la realidad del comercio e imperialismo europeos en China a finales del siglo XVIII, así como del papel de la Compañía en la agenda política e imperial de la monarquía borbónica