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Aranda Bustamante, Gilberto y López Zapico, Misael Arturo (eds): Resonancias de un golpe: Chile 50 años, Catarata, Madrid, 2023, 192 pp.
Get PDFLa defensa de la opinión personal ante el poder. Cartas a la gobernadora Isabel de Bobadilla: Defending personal opinion against Authority: Letters to Governor Isabel de Bobadilla
Get PDFThe appointment of Isabel de Bobadilla as the governor of Cuba in 1539, in the absence of her husband Hernando de Soto, marked a significant moment in Spanish colonial history in the Americas. This study explores the notable position of authority held by a woman within a predominantly male historical framework, utilizing an analysis of the correspondence exchanged between Andrés de Parada and the governor.
These missives reveal a structure of linguistic and pragmatic mechanisms employed in a twofold manner: on one hand, to claim before the governor one's stance on events, and on the other, to express recognition of Isabel de Bobadilla's role as the authority of the island and intermediary with the Spanish crown.La designación de Isabel de Bobadilla como gobernadora de Cuba en 1539, en ausencia de su esposo Hernando de Soto, marcó un momento significativo en la historia colonial española en América. Esta contribución examina la destacada posición de poder ocupada por una mujer en un contexto histórico eminentemente masculino, a través de un análisis de las cartas enviadas por Andrés de Parada a la gobernadora.
Las misivas revelan una elaborada estructura de mecanismos lingüísticos y pragmáticos utilizados en una doble vía: de una parte, para reivindicar ante la gobernadora la opinión ante sucesos y, de otra, para expresar el reconocimiento del papel de Isabel de Bobadilla como autoridad insular y mediadora ante la corona española
Mentality and ideologies in letters from the first years of contact in ‘America’? : ¿Mentalidad e ideologías en cartas de los primeros años de contacto en “América”?
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to gain insight into the mentality and ideology of the people who lived at the end of the 15th century in “America”: the new arrivals and the natives. We will base our research on two letters, one by Diego Álvares Chanca (a former royal physician) and another by Michele da Cuneo (a merchant? from northern Italy). By doing so, we aim to contribute to the study of mentalities and ideologies from a linguistic perspective. We will use historical data, ecdotic tools, discourse analysis, and the concept of discursive traditions. These letters represent some of the earliest examples of colonial American textuality. We believe that the data we find in these texts allow us to gain insight into what was going on the in the minds of those present and into their mentality, but not into their ideology in the classical sense of the term.El objetivo de este estudio es acercarnos a la mentalidad y la ideología de las personas que vivían a finales del siglo XV en “Améric”: los recién llegados y los nativos. Basaremos nuestra investigación en dos cartas, una de Diego Álvares Chanca (antiguo médico real) y otra de Michele da Cuneo (¿mercader? italiano). Con ello pretendemos contribuir al estudio de las mentalidades e ideologías desde una perspectiva lingüística. Utilizaremos datos históricos, herramientas de la ecdótica y del análisis del discurso y el concepto de tradiciones discursivas. Estas cartas están entre los primeros ejemplos de textualidad colonial americana. Creemos que los datos de estos textos nos permiten hacernos una idea de las cuitas y la mentalidad de los protagonistas de aquellos hechos, pero no de su ideología en el sentido clásico del término
Presentación: Ideología y mentalidades del siglo XV al XVII a través de la correspondencia epistolar
No full textTo historicise mentalities and, to a certain extent, ideologies is as old as history itself. An example of this would be Herodotus' exploration of the culture and customs of the Persians or his attempt to scrutinise and reproduce what the inhabitants of the places he visited thought. Some centuries later, Plutarch would endorse the importance of paying attention to what happens in human beings.Historiar las mentalidades y, hasta cierto punto, las ideologías es tan antiguo como la historia. Pues no de otro modo han de entenderse, ya en Heródoto, la exploración de la cultura y las costumbres de los persas o su intento de escudriñar y reproducir lo que pensaban los habitantes de los sitios que visita (Heródoto [c. 484 - 425 a. C.] 1992). Algunos siglos después, Plutarco avalaría la importancia de atender a aquello que sucede en el ser humano
De Dr. Jekyll a Mr. Hyde: as obras de Gilberto Freyre e sua trajetória intelectual: From Dr. Jekyll to Mr. Hyde: the works of Gilberto Freyre and his intellectual trajectory
Get PDFGilberto Freyre was a fundamental sociologist in understanding the formation of Brazilian society, its contradictions and complexity. However, due to his long-standing intellectual production, some of his texts are controversial, causing noise in academic reception. Given this, researchers are focusing on organizing Freyre's production into stages. The objective of this article is opposite, as it seeks to understand not the intervals or stages, but the continuity in Gilberto Freyre's work, from his formative period in the United States, to his association with the Salazar regime. Thus, we seek to understand its nuances, contradictions and permanence, as well as its objectives, passions and intellectual influences.Gilberto Freyre foi sociólogo fundamental na compreensão da formação da sociedade brasileira, suas contradições e complexidade. Todavia, por possuir produção intelectual longeva, alguns de seus textos são polêmicos provocando ruídos na recepção acadêmica. Diante disso, pesquisadores se debruçam por organizar em etapas a produção de Freyre. O objetivo deste artigo é oposto, por justamente buscar compreender não os intervalos ou etapas, mas a continuidade na obra de Gilberto Freyre, desde de seu período de formação nos Estados Unidos, até sua associação ao regime salazarista. Assim, busca-se compreender suas nuances, contradições e permanências, tal como seus objetivos, paixões e influências intelectuais
Conversación con Craig Parsons: s: Los desafíos de la escuela ideacional en ciencia política y relaciones internacionales : The challenges of the ideational school in political science and international relations
Get PDFCraig Parsons is Professor of Political Science at the University of Oregon, USA. He is one of the foremost exponents of the ideational school of political science. His academic work initially focused on the ideas and institutions that converged in the construction of today's Europe. This interview covers the different moments of his brilliant academic career. The conversation provides a better understanding of how the ideational approach has made its way into American political science over the last three decades. The interview has a didactic purpose. As such, it provides very clear definitions of some central concepts such as ideas, institutions, and interests. Parsons also shares his reflections on the philosophy of science, methods, and research techniques, topics that are increasingly part of his academic agenda.Craig Parsons es profesor de Ciencia Política en la Universidad de Oregon, Estados Unidos. Es uno de los referentes más destacados de la escuela ideacional en ciencia política. Su trabajo académico se enfocó inicialmente en las ideas e instituciones que confluyeron en la construcción de la Europa actual. En esta entrevista se recorren los distintos momentos de su brillante carrera académica. La conversación permite entender mejor cómo ha ido abriéndose paso, a lo largo de las últimas tres décadas, el enfoque ideacional en la ciencia política norteamericana. La entrevista tiene fines didácticos. Por eso, aparecen definiciones muy claras de algunos conceptos centrales como los de ideas, instituciones e intereses. Parsons también comparte sus reflexiones sobre filosofía de la ciencia, métodos y técnicas de investigación, asuntos que ocupan una parte creciente de su agenda académica
The Intensification of the Caste Divide: Increasing Violence on the Dalits in Neoliberal India: La intensificación de la división por casta: el aumento de la violencia contra los dalits en la India neoliberal
Get PDFThis paper is a study of the increasing instances of violence on the Dalits in contemporary India. It contextualises such violence in the new economic reforms of the 1990s which inaugurated the neo-liberal policies of privatisation and signified a withdrawal from a certain kind of state welfare. Apart from the extended role for the market, such a transition is also worked out by manoeuvring with the constitutional mandated form of social justice. By examining the physical, structural, and the symbolic infliction of violence on the Dalits, this paper argues that the caste divide has intensified
ESTRUCTURAS ABIERTAS AL CAMBIO. LA TRASCENDENCIA DE LO RELACIONAL
Get PDFThis research addresses the manner in and extent to which certain invisible but operative relational structures facilitate the adaptation of the city to contemporary social and technological changes. It analyses how these structures, far from responding to a hierarchical logic, operate within the construction of the city through micro-actions and transactions that reinforce urban cohesion. It examines examples from the 20th century and from more recent times, as well as the influence of information and data networks on the evolution of the urban space. It concludes that these apparently fragile systems of interaction possess the transformative potential to render the urban structure more adaptive and resilient without it being necessary to modify its material configuration. The research methodology, based on comparative case analysis and the interrelating of urban and architectural theories with recent approaches to information networks, proposes a reading of urban planning in which the relational and the contingent play a key role in the resilience of the city.La investigación aborda el modo en que ciertas estructuras relacionales, invisibles pero operativas, facilitan la adaptación de la ciudad a los cambios sociales y tecnológicos contemporáneos. Se analiza cómo estas estructuras, lejos de responder a una lógica jerárquica, actúan en la construcción de la ciudad mediante microacciones y transaccionalidades que refuerzan la cohesión urbana. Se estudian ejemplos del siglo XX y más recientes, así como la influencia de redes de información y datos en la evolución del espacio urbano. Se concluye que estos sistemas de interacción, aunque frágiles en apariencia, poseen un potencial transformador capaz de hacer más adaptativa y resiliente la estructura urbana sin necesidad de modificar su configuración material. La metodología se basa en el análisis comparado de casos y en la interrelación de teorías urbanas y arquitectónicas con enfoques recientes sobre redes de información. Se plantea una lectura del urbanismo en la que lo relacional y lo contingente desempeñan un papel clave en la resiliencia de la ciudad
Spatial analysis of CO₂ emissions and their relationship with economic activity in the states of Mexico
Get PDFThe present study uses a spatial econometric model to analyze the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, economic activity, and the state population in Mexico. Official data from 2022 were used, integrating financial, demographic and spatial variables. The results highlight that the Gross State Domestic Product and the population positively and significantly impact emissions. In addition, relevant spatial patterns were identified, highlighting the need to consider economic, demographic, and spatial factors in formulating public policies. This approach allows us to understand the regional interdependence in generating emissions and proposes strategies to design more effective environmental policies. It is concluded that mitigation policies must consider both economic dynamics and spatial interactions to maximize their effectiveness.El presente estudio analiza la relación entre las emisiones de dióxido de carbono, la actividad económica y la población estatal en México, utilizando un modelo econométrico espacial. Se emplearon datos oficiales del año 2022, integrando variables económicas, demográficas y espaciales. Los resultados destacan que el Producto Interno Bruto Estatal y la población tienen un impacto positivo y significativo en las emisiones. Además, se identificaron patrones espaciales relevantes, donde las emisiones de una entidad están influenciadas por las de sus vecinas. Este enfoque permite entender la interdependencia regional en la generación de emisiones y propone estrategias para diseñar políticas ambientales más efectivas. Se concluye que las políticas de mitigación deben considerar tanto las dinámicas económicas como las interacciones espaciales para maximizar su efectividad
Dynamics of forest landscapes associated with bours crops in Morocco’s High Atlantic Atlas (case of the lower Oued Tamri valley)
Get PDFThe forest landscape of the lower Oued Tamri valley, is the result of a complex interaction between natural environments and human activities, shaped by ecological and human factors. This diversity is due to the interaction of landscape elements with varied biophysical and socio-spatial characteristics. Our approach combines the results of field surveys (floristic, natural regeneration), surveys of heads of household and satellite image processing. By crossing these different sources of data, we hope to gain a better understanding of the ecological and socio-economic factors that influence the evolution of landscapes over time. We have chosen a diachronic approach based on digital processing of Landsat images (1984, 2000, 2022) and supervised classification. This analysis reveals the degradation of the forest cover, mainly associated with recurrent long periods of drought, often seen as an indicator of climate change. This dynamic process is also linked to alternating phases of rural and agricultural encroachment and abandonment, leading to a degradation or retreat of the argan and cedar landscapes, as well as an increasingly marked trend towards the extension of the matorral. Between 1984 and 2022, 37% of the area of argan and cedar forest cover was lost, resulting in an increase of almost 20% in the area of bare soil and cultivated land.