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Fables of the past : landscape (re-)constructions and the bias in the data
Get PDFPrehistoric landscape reconstructions are still considered an unsolved methodological issue in archaeological research, and this includes the perception and transformation of an individual landscape in relation to situational and local ecosystem performances. Which parts of the landscape offered the potential for land-use and which areas were rather unsuitable due to a variety of environmental preconditions? The modern perception of the archaeological record that is distributed in the modern landscape does not necessarily represent a realistic dispersal of past human activity, but rather reflects the current state of archaeological research and modern land-use strategies. This contribution provides a critical assessment of spatial analyses of large and unstructured archaeological datasets and the non-reconstructibility of past, individually perceived palaeolandscape
Webová aplikace pro vizualizaci bezpečnostní situace v počítačové síti
Get PDFSoftware ve formě webové aplikace prezentuje a vizualizuje data o aktuální kyberbezpečnostní situaci v počítačové síti. Webová aplikace nabízí různé pohledy na data sesbíraná jinými nástroji. Mezi významné pohledy na data patří vizualizace kontextu k dané entitě v síti a globální přehled zranitelností a zranitelných zařízení v síti. Webová aplikace dále implementuje ovládací prvky a přehledy o fungování dalším softwarových výsledků stejného projektu. Tyto prvky a přehledy umožňují vizuálně ovládat a kontrolovat sběr dat a jejich další zpracování, čímž vytvářejí alternativu k výchozímu ovládání těchto nástrojů.The software in the form of a web application presents and visualize the data on current cybersecurity situation in a computer network. The web application enable various views on the data collected by other tools. The important views are the visualization of a context of an entity in the network and an overview of vulnerabilities and vulnerable hosts in the network. The web application further implements dashboards for other tools developed in the same project. The dashboards enable control and checks of data collection and their further processes, which is an alternative to the default controll of such tools
The Sin and Merit of Killing a Tiger: Mentions about rituals connected to the tiger hunting in the oral tradition of Altai Uriankhais
No full textThe extant literature on Mongolian customs include a few mentions about a special tradition of hunting tigers – animals with a highly symbolic value in the whole Inner and East-Asian area. The tradition should have included symbolic and ritual constituent moments: official authorisation of the hunters, ritual communication with local spirits before the hunt, symbolic punishment of the hunters, and rewarding of the hunters by a tax exemption. The written records refer supposedly to traditions connected with the Qing imperial hunting areas. However, a few narratives collected during the field documentation of the current oral tradition of Altai Uriankhais in Western Mongolia testify that a very similar notion of tiger hunting was known far away among Oirat groups despite only marginal occurrence of tigers in their areas in the recent past
The Politics of Appointment of Top Civil Servants : Career Backgrounds and Civil Service Politicization in the Czech Republic
Get PDFTh is contribution seeks to answer the question whether the new civil service legislation that entered into force in 2015 in the Czech Republic led to the depoliticization of the country’s ministerial bureaucracy. To that end, we compare the career backgrounds of top civil servants before and aft er the entry into force of the new Civil Service Act. Th e article examines the career backgrounds of the persons appointed as ministerial deputies between 2013 and 2018, focusing on their last “pre-deputy” jobs and considering a broader set of their career attributes. A focus on the previous job reveals that even before the law was introduced, bureaucrats constituted the largest share of appointees, and their share even increased with the new legislation. Th e incidence of deputies appointed directly from party-related jobs dropped considerably. However, when a broader set of career attributes is considered, the share of partisans among the pre-2015 deputies nearly matches that of the career bureaucrats. Ostensibly political careers among the post-2015 deputies declined but remain signifi cant. Hence, there has been a decline in the open politicization of the ministerial bureaucracy aft er 2015. Party political eff ects also matter, as the new ANO party, aft er entering the executive, has taken a diff erent approach to top bureaucratic appointments than the other major governing Czech parties. Typically, deputies appointed into the positions under the ANO’s control would not have links to the party itself but would be recruited via non-party channels, e.g. from pre-political networks of the ANO ministers and leaders. Consequently, though less politicized by party agents, the current Czech system is more a product of choices made by government ministers of the day than a stable arrangement resulting from fi rmly established norms and rules
ANALYZA – Datový sklad
Get PDFSoftwarová komponenta Datový sklad implementuje úložiště veškerých dat v systému ANALYZA, prakticky uložených ve formě (rozměrných) souborů, objektů a vazeb mezi nimi. Mimo uložení dat určených k analýze představuje Datový sklad i prostor, do kterého je možné ukládat mezivýsledky analytických operací – například v podobě rozšíření stávajících objektů o nové informace, atributy nebo i vytvořením zcela nových objektů či souborů. Hlavní důraz vytvořeného software je kladen na škálovatelnost, spolehlivost, rychlost a flexibilitu celého řešení. Kromě samotného datové skladu obsahuje archiv demonstraci doplňujícího software zajišťujícího propojení více Datových skladů (tzv. proxy komponenta) a demonstraci jejich plnění pomocí uživatelsky přívětivého prostředí.The Data Warehouse software component implements the storage of all data in the ANALZA system, practically stored in the form of (large) files, objects, and links between them. In addition to storing data for analysis, the Data Warehouse also represents a space in which it is possible to store intermediate results of analytical operations – for example, in the form of extending existing objects with new information, attributes, or creating entirely new objects or files. The primary emphasis of the created software is placed on the scalability, reliability, speed, and flexibility of the whole solution. In addition to the data warehouse itself, the archive contains additional demonstrator software ensuring the interconnection of several Data warehouses (proxy component) and demonstrator of data insertion using a user-friendly environment
ANALYZA – Výpočetní a orchestrační subsystém
No full textSoftwarová komponenta Výpočetní a orchestrační subsystém slouží pro vlastní zpracování a analýzu vybraných dat v rámci systému ANALYZA. Komponenta zajišťuje dostupnost infrastruktury umožňující běh analytických modulů a možnosti jejich sestavování do analytických workflow (tzv. analytických operací). Mezi její hlavní úkoly pak patří správa a řízení infrastruktury, a integrované propojení jednotlivých analytických částí vyvinutého systému. Komponenta si udržuje přehled o všech běžících analytických projektech a analýzách v rámci nich realizovaných, včetně informací k nim přiřazeným, a připravuje tak prostředí pro import či výměnu dat a řídících informací mezi analytickými moduly. Kromě samotné komponenty obsahuje archiv doplňující software příkladů analytických operací a demonstrační software ilustrující jednoduchost zadávání a správy integrovaných funkcí.The Computation and Orchestration subsystem software component is used to process and analyze selected data within the ANALYZA system. The component ensures the availability of infrastructure, enabling the running of analytical modules and their connection into analytical workflow (analytical operations). Its main tasks include the administration and management of infrastructure and integrated interconnection of individual analytical parts of the developed system. The component maintains an overview of all running analytical projects and analyzes performed within them, including information assigned to them, and thus prepares the environment for import or exchange of data and control information between analytical modules. In addition to the component itself, the archive contains additional software with use-cases of analytical operations and demonstrator of insertion of integrated functions
Kocourkovská fikce v českém a slovenském kontextu
Get PDFPříspěvek se zabývá kvazitoponymy Kocourkov, resp. Kocúrkovo, které nejen, že se vyskytují v české a slovenské frazeologii, ale fungují též jako specifická alegorie. Kocourkov/Kocúrkovo je fiktivní lokalita charakteristická specifickou strukturou svých obyvatel. V příspěvku mapujeme jejich výskyt v české a slovenské literatuře a filmu a také se pokoušíme odhalit motivaci pro pojmenování fiktivních lokalit těmito kvazitoponymy.The paper deals with the quasitoponym “Kocourkov”, also “Kocúrkovo”, which not only occurs in Czech and Slovak phraseology, but also works as a specific allegory. “Kocourkov/Kocúrkovo” is a fictional locality characterized by a specific structure of its population. In the paper we map its occurrence in Czech and Slovak literature and film and we also tried to reveal the motivation for naming fictitious localities with these quasitoponyms
FIRO-B : Recenze metody
Get PDFDotazník FIRO-B môže byť použitý v oblasti pracovnej psychológie, napríklad pri práci so skupinou, ďalej v oblasti individuálneho, párového alebo skupinového poradenstva. Konkrétne môže poslúžiť ako pomocný nástroj pri poznávaní svojich interpersonálnych potrieb a ich kompatibility vo vzťahu k druhým ľuďom. FIRO-B môže slúžiť ako facilitačná metóda, ktorá umožňuje či už dvojici alebo členom skupiny zistiť, čo od seba navzájom vyžadujú a ako si myslia, že sa sami prejavujú. Predpokladáme, že vzhľadom k vysokej zjavnej validite a len mierne líšiacim sa položkám proband vie, čo svojimi odpoveďami vyjadruje. FIRO-B môže poslúžiť ako pomocná metóda, ktorá môže poskytnúť podnet k rozhovoru, alebo ako doplnková metóda k iným nástrojom. Pričom je dôležité upozorniť participanta na vyššie uvedené nedostatky metódy a najmä na zastaranosť noriem, aby na svoje výsledky nahliadal s potrebnou rezervou a odstupom. Taktiež je dôležité, aby si bol týchto nedostatkov vedomý aj samotný užívateľ metódy, najmä kvôli nejasnostiam v spôsobe interpretovania skóre (prisudzovanie váhy interpretačným absolútnym meradlám a normám). Metódu však neodporúčame používať ako samostatný diagnostický nástroj a jeho výsledky interpretovať za účelom individuálnej diagnostiky
Hungarian media policy 2010 – 2018: the illiberal shift.
No full textThe chapter discusses developments of Hungarian media policy in the years 2010 to 2018 in the context of an overall shift in the Hungarian government’s understanding of democracy. In terms of Hungarian media regulation and ownership, Viktor Orbán’s governments have abandoned policy making that is traditionally associated with normative ideals of the media in democratic countries such as the public sphere, the fourth estate, the watchdog etc. This chapter outlines developments – legislative as well as broader ones such as the party colonization of the media, the re-emergence of “old style” propaganda, the spread of hate speech in political communication – that have contributed to the Hungarian government’s control of public service and commercial media. The chapter argues that while none of the government’s practices are illegal (they are in line with legislation passed by the Hungarian Parliament in which government MPs have a two-third majority), they are nonetheless detrimental in terms of the democratic roles of media and the broader policy making process. The chapter discusses developments of Hungarian media policy in the years 2010 to 2018 in the context of an overall shift in the Hungarian government’s understanding of democracy. In terms of Hungarian media regulation and ownership, Viktor Orbán’s government has abandoned policy making that is traditionally associated with normative ideals of the media in democratic countries such as the public sphere, the fourth estate, the watchdog etc. This chapter outlines developments – legislative as well as broader ones such as the party colonization of the media, the re-emergence of “old style” propaganda, the spread of hate speech in political communication – that have contributed to the Hungarian government’s control of public service and commercial media. The chapter argues that while none of the government’s practices are illegal (they are in line with legislation passed by the Hungarian Parliament in which government MPs have a two-third majority), they are nonetheless detrimental in terms of the democratic roles of media and the broader policy making process. The chapter discusses developments of Hungarian media policy in the years 2010 to 2018 in the context of an overall shift in the Hungarian government’s understanding of democracy. In terms of Hungarian media regulation and ownership, Viktor Orbán’s government has abandoned policy making that is traditionally associated with normative ideals of the media in democratic countries such as the public sphere, the fourth estate, the watchdog etc. This chapter outlines developments – legislative as well as broader ones such as the party colonization of the media, the re-emergence of “old style” propaganda, the spread of hate speech in political communication – that have contributed to the Hungarian government’s control of public service and commercial media. The chapter argues that while none of the government’s practices are illegal (they are in line with legislation passed by the Hungarian Parliament in which government MPs have a two-third majority), they are nonetheless detrimental in terms of the democratic roles of media and the broader policy making process.Kapitola analyzuje změny v mediální politice Maďarska v letech 2010 – 2018 v kontextu celkového posunu v přístupu vlády ke konceptu liberální demokracie. V oblasti mediálního vlastnictví a širšího regulačního rámce vlády Viktora Orbána upustily od normativních ideálů, které charakterizují role médií v liberálních demokraciích: veřejná sféra, hlídací pes demokracie atd. Kapitola popisuje změny, které vedly k rostoucí vládní kontrole nad médii veřejné služby a médii v soukromém vlastnictví, mezi jiným pojednáva o legislativních změnách, o kolonizaci médií politickými stranami, o propagandě a také o projevech nenávisti v politické komunikaci
The Expansion of Higher Education and Post-Materialistic Attitudes to Work in Europe : Evidence from the European Values Study
Get PDFThe article focuses on the relationship between higher education and post-materialistic attitudes to work, and how it has changed following the recent expansion of systems of higher education in Europe. Using data from the European Values Study on 28 countries with the time frame between 1990 and 2008, the analysis shows that the previously observed link between higher education and post-materialism also applies to work values. Higher-educated Europeans were both more post-materialistic and less materialistic in their work orientations than their lower-educated counterparts. This association was, however, weakened by tertiary expansion. Work-related post-materialism declined with the increasing share of university-educated individuals in the working-age population. Interestingly, so, too, did work-related materialism, yet only until the expansion reached 25%, then it gradually increased. It is suggested that these developments, at least in part, stem from the changing position of higher-educated workers in the labour market