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Architecture of the Strasbourg System of Human Rights
No full textThis chapter sketches the basic features of the domestic effects of the Strasbourg judgments, namely the inter partes effect and the so-called res interpretata effect. It also presents the typical roles domestic authorities play in the processes of the ECtHR’s case law implementation, and shows their “diffusing” and “filtering” functions vis-a-vis the Strasbourg Court. Subsequently, it problematizes the model of diffusers and filters, and provides a more nuanced account of the domestic actors’ significance in the Convention system. In the chapter, it is concluded that the implementation process and its outcome depend on (1) the number of (domestic) actors taking part in the implementation process, (2) their stances towards the ECtHR’s judgment to be implemented, (3) mutual relations and interactions among these actors, and (4) their respective power within the system and their ability and readiness to act
Fluorescent substrates for haloalkane dehalogenases: Novel probes for mechanistic studies and protein labeling
Get PDFHaloalkane dehalogenases are enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds in halogenated compounds. They serve as model enzymes for studying structure-function relationships of >100.000 members of the alpha/beta-hydrolase superfamily. Detailed kinetic analysis of their reaction is crucial for understanding the reaction mechanism and developing novel concepts in protein engineering. Fluorescent substrates, which change their fluorescence properties during a catalytic cycle, may serve as attractive molecular probes for studying the mechanism of enzyme catalysis. In this work, we present the development of the first fluorescent substrates for this enzyme family based on coumarin and BODIPY chromophores. Steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics with two of the most active haloalkane dehalogenases, DmmA and LinB, revealed that both fluorescent substrates provided specificity constant two orders of magnitude higher (0.14-12.6 mu M(-1)s(-1)) than previously reported representative substrates for the haloalkane dehalogenase family (0.00005-0.014 mu M(-1)s(-1)). Stopped-flow fluorescence/FRET analysis enabled for the first time monitoring of all individual reaction steps within a single experiment: (i) substrate binding, (ii-iii) two subsequent chemical steps and (iv) product release. The newly introduced fluorescent molecules are potent probes for fast steady-state kinetic profiling. In combination with rapid mixing techniques, they provide highly valuable information about individual kinetic steps and mechanism of haloalkane dehalogenases. Additionally, these molecules offer high specificity and efficiency for protein labeling and can serve as probes for studying protein hydration and dynamics as well as potential markers for cell imaging. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology
Psychometric Evaluation of the Czech Version of Group Cohesiveness Scale (GCS) in a Clinical Sample : A Two-Dimensional Model
Get PDFThe Group Cohesiveness Scale (GCS, 7 items) measures patient-rated group cohesiveness. The English version of the scale has demonstrated good psychometric properties. This study describes the validation of the Czech version of the GCS. A total of 369 patients participated in the study. Unlike the original study, the ordinal confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a two-dimensional solution (RMSEA = 0.075; TLI = 0.986). The analysis demonstrated the existence of two moderately to highly associated (r = 0.79) domains of group cohesiveness—affective and behavioral. The two-dimensional model was invariant across genders, age, education, and time (retest after 6 weeks) up to factor means level. Internal consistency reached satisfactory values for both domains (affective, omega = 0.86; behavioral, omega = 0.81). In terms of convergent validity, only weak association was found between the GCS domains and the group working alliance measured by the Group Outcome Rating Scale (GSRS). This is the first revision of the factor structure of the GCS in the European context. The scale showed that the Czech version of the GCS is a valid and reliable brief tool for measuring both aspects of group cohesiveness
Protocol for robust and efficient preparation of the self-blotting nanowire TEM grids
Get PDFFunctional sample comprises a protocol for preparation of the TEM grids coated with the Cu(OH)2 nanowires. Such TEM grids are specifically suitable for preparation of the macromolecular samples for cryo-electron microscopy using spray of piezo-dispenzing devices.Funkční vzorek poskytuje protokol pro přípravu TEM mřížek potažených vrstvou Cu(OH)2 nanovláken. Takové TEM mřížky jsou specificky vhodné pro přípravu komplexů makromolekul pro účely kryo-elektronové mikroskopie pomocí sprejovacího zařízení.Functional sample comprises a protocol for preparation of the TEM grids coated with the Cu(OH)2 nanowires. Such TEM grids are specifically suitable for preparation of the macromolecular samples for cryo-electron microscopy using spray of piezo-dispenzing devices
Lead isotope evolution of the Central European upper mantle: Constraints from the Bohemian Massif
Get PDFThis study focuses on Pb isotope data and whole-rock geochemistry of intrusive and extrusive volcanic rocks of the Bohemian Massif that sampled the upper mantle. Special attention is paid on whether Late Palaeozoic to Quaternary Central European mantle-derived rocks sampled different mantle sources on a local to regional scale and through time.Tato studie se zabývá Pb izotopovými daty a horninovou geochemií intruzivních i výlevných vulkanických hornin Českého masivu, které vzorkovaly svrchní plášť. Speciální důraz je kladen na to, zda pozdně paleozoické až kvartérní středoevropské horniny odvozené z pláště vzorkují odlišné plášťové zdroje v lokálním až regionálním měřítku a v průběhu času
Jak obstála ústava první republiky?
No full textZhodnocení Ústavní listiny z roku 1920. Věnuje se postavením prezidenta, soudní mocí i jazykovým zákonem.Evaluation of the Constitutional Charter of 1920. It deals with the position of the president, the judiciary and the language law
Prezident a ozbrojené síly a bezpečnostní sbory
Get PDFText se věnuje postavení prezidenta jako vrchního velitele ozbrojených sil k ozbrojeným silám, ale také jeho pravomocem vůči bezpečnostním sborům a jiným institutům v oblasti vojenství.The article deals with the president as the supreme commander of the armed forces and his right to appoint generals and Chief of Staff of the Army of the Czech Republic
Finding Larger Transnational Media Markets : Media Practices of the Vietnamese Diasporic Community
Get PDFAddressing a concern about the absence of Vietnamese migrants in the Czech media landscape, this chapter first reviews various life contexts of the different Vietnamese populations in the Czech Republic (CR) and then discusses how they have generally lacked participation in the Czech media landscape because of their adoption of transnational media practices. This study also demonstrates how the diasporic community has failed to establish a conventional form of diasporic media but instead has found new translocal information outlets on social media. While the old and new first generations have relied more on media outlets from their country of origin, young migrant children have explored media markets beyond the binational border. However, Vietnamese migrants have recently begun to use social media platforms as networked information outlets, reaching a variety of communities and media outlets located in the CR, Vietnam and their own diasporic community
Analýza Íránských revolučních gard v kontextu jejich zařazení na seznam zahraničních teroristických organizací
Get PDFSpojené státy americké zařadily v roce 2019 Íránské revoluční gardy na seznam „zahraničních teroristických organizací“. Článek analyzuje důsledky tohoto kroku. Text v úvodu představuje Gardy a upozorňuje na odlišnosti oproti „klasickým“ teroristickým organizacím. Cílem stěžejní části textu je analýza amerických kroků a popis dopadů z toho plynoucích. Práce dochází k závěru, že legální důsledky zařazení Gard na seznam „zahraničních teroristických organizací“ jsou minimální, avšak praktický dopad tohoto kroku byl značný. Byly též zjištěny souvislosti mezi zařazením Gard na tento seznam a novou americkou strategií „maximálního tlaku“ vůči Íránu.United states of America classified from 2019 Iranian revolution guards as “foreign terrorist organisation”. Article analyses consequences of this step. Text in the introduction presents Guards and highlights the differences between this organization and “classical” terrorist organization. Goal of the main part of text is to analyze American steps and finds consequences resulting from it. This work concluded that though legal consequences of putting Guards on the list of “foreign terrorist organization” are small, on the other hand its practical impacts are huge. There was also found link between putting Guards on this list and new American strategy of “maximal pressure” against Ira
Universal semantic features and the typology of cardinal numerals
Get PDFThe paper proposes a unified morpho-semantic account for the typological variation in the form and meaning of cardinal numerals. In particular, we investigate the morphological marking of two different types of cardinals and argue that it is possible to identify cross-linguistically stable semantic ingredients, which compositionally provide the attested types of numerals. We adopt the framework of Nanosyntax (Starke 2009 et seq.) as a model of morphology which, when applied to the semantic structures we propose, delivers the relevant marking patterns