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Values Education in Outdoor Environmental Education Programs from the Perspective of Practitioners
Get PDFShaping environmental values is considered one of the goals of environmental education. At the same time, this creates questions about the line between indoctrination and education. While values education has been widely discussed from various theoretical perspectives, few studies have analyzed how it is being practiced. This article investigates five outdoor environmental education programs and identifies the values the programs promote as well as the means they use to communicate these values to students. Additionally, the article examines the perspectives of 17 program leaders and center directors regarding the ways in which values should be promoted in environmental education and the approaches they use in their practice. According to the findings, all the observed programs applied a normative, value-laden approach, communicating mainly the values of universalism. The most frequently observed strategy was the inculcation of desirable values by moralizing and modeling. Simultaneously, some of the leaders’ beliefs, while highlighting value-free or pluralistic approaches, contradicted their rather normative practice. This article describes the theory–practice gap identified and discusses the implications of the prevailing use of the normative approach in outdoor environmental education for the field. It calls for opening an in-depth debate on what, why, and how values belong in outdoor environmental education practice
Association between Stress Urinary incontinence and Depressive Symptoms after Birth : the Czech eLSpAc Study
Get PDFThe study objectives were to (1) identify risk factors related to stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and postnatal depression (PD) after birth, and (2) investigate both possible directions of association between SUI and PD in population-based sample of Czech mothers. 3,701 nulliparous and multiparous women completed the self-reported questionnaires at 6 weeks and 6 months after birth and were included into the analyses of this prospective cohort study. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions examined relationship between SUI a PD accounting for range of other risk factors. During the first 6 months after birth, 650 mothers (17.6%) developed SUI and 641 (17.3%) displayed signs of PD. The mode of delivery, parity and higher BMI were associated with SUI. The rate of PD symptoms was higher in mothers with positive history of prenatal depression, and in divorced or widowed mothers. Both conditions were associated with worse self-reported health, back pain and stop-smoker status. Initially, SUI at 6 weeks was slightly, but significantly associated with onset of PD at 6 months (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.02–2.23) while PD at 6 weeks was not significantly related to new cases of SUI at 6 months (OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.91–2.39). After full adjustment these OR reduced to 1.41 and 1.38 (both non-significant), respectively. SUI and PD are common conditions in women postpartum that share some risk factors. Our study suggests that both directions of their relationship are possible although a larger study is needed to confirm our findings
Evaluation of untrustworthy journals: Transition from formal criteria to a complex view
Get PDFNot all the journals included in credible indices meet the ethical rules of COPE, DOAJ, OASPA, and WAME, and there may also be trustworthy journals excluded from these indices, which means they cannot be used as whitelists for trustworthy journals. Equally, the many methods suggested to determine trustworthiness are not reliable because they include questionable criteria. The question arises whether valid criteria for identifying an untrustworthy journal can be determined and whether other assessment procedures are necessary. Since 2017, the Masaryk University Campus Library has been developing a suitable evaluation method for journals. A list of 19 criteria based on those originally suggested by Beall, COPE, DOAJ, OASPA, and WAME were reduced to 10 objectively verifiable criteria following two workshops with librarians. An evaluation of 259 biomedical journals using both the list of 19 and then 10 criteria revealed that 74 journals may have been incorrectly assessed as untrustworthy using the longer list. The most common reason for failure to comply was in the provision of sufficient editorial information and declaration of article processing charges. However, our investigation revealed that no criteria can reliably identify predatory journals. Therefore, a complex evaluation is needed combining objectively verifiable criteria with analysis of a journal's content and knowledge of the journal's background
Platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin, and enamel matrix derivative for oral mucosal wound healing
Get PDFDifferent approaches to enhance healing of hard or soft tissues include the use of cytokines and growth factors to modify cellular behaviour. Numerous growth factors are found in autologous blood concentrates – platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet rich fibrin (PRF). Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) may improve tissue healing via amelogenins. Bilayered collagen matrix (CM) is used for soft tissue augmentation. The aim of the present study was to assess potential benefits of PRP, PRF and EMD in combination with bilayered collagen matrix or CM alone in treatment of oral mucosal defects in rabbits. Twenty-seven New Zealand white rabbits were included in this randomized controlled trial. Artificial oral mucosal defects were treated with one of these five approaches: PRP+CM, PRF+CM, EMD+CM, CM alone, or left untreated as a negative control (CO). The animals were euthanized 1 day, 7 days, or 28 days after surgery and necropsies were harvested. Histological and molecular biological analyses were performed. All defects were healed by day 28. No differences between PRP+CM, PRF+CM, CM alone and CO groups were recorded at any time point. Slower angiogenesis and a higher presence of inflammatory infiltrate were observed in the EMD+CM group 28 days after surgery. Molecular biological analyses did not reveal any statistically significant changes. In conclusion, no improvement in mucosal healing of wounds covered with a collagen membrane and PRP, PRF, or EMD was observed, compared with CM alone or untreated controls.Different approaches to enhance healing of hard or soft tissues include the use of cytokines and growth factors to modify cellular behaviour. Numerous growth factors are found in autologous blood concentrates – platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet rich fibrin (PRF). Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) may improve tissue healing via amelogenins. Bilayered collagen matrix (CM) is used for soft tissue augmentation. The aim of the present study was to assess potential benefits of PRP, PRF and EMD in combination with bilayered collagen matrix or CM alone in treatment of oral mucosal defects in rabbits. Twenty-seven New Zealand white rabbits were included in this randomized controlled trial. Artificial oral mucosal defects were treated with one of these five approaches: PRP+CM, PRF+CM, EMD+CM, CM alone, or left untreated as a negative control (CO). The animals were euthanized 1 day, 7 days, or 28 days after surgery and necropsies were harvested. Histological and molecular biological analyses were performed. All defects were healed by day 28. No differences between PRP+CM, PRF+CM, CM alone and CO groups were recorded at any time point. Slower angiogenesis and a higher presence of inflammatory infiltrate were observed in the EMD+CM group 28 days after surgery. Molecular biological analyses did not reveal any statistically significant changes. In conclusion, no improvement in mucosal healing of wounds covered with a collagen membrane and PRP, PRF, or EMD was observed, compared with CM alone or untreated controls
The Post-9/11 US-Led State-Building in Afghanistan
Get PDFFollowing the fall of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan in 2001, the US shed much blood and spent enormous funds in the country as part of its “War on Terror” as well as for reconstruction and institution-building there. As the US intervention in Afghanistan mainly focused on dismantling Al-Qaeda and toppling the Taliban regime, it also aimed at establishing a functioning state. Along the way, US policy makers also made a number of mistakes which undermined the US-led international coalition’s own stated mission and goals. Thus, after spending around two decades in Afghanistan, the US failed to fully achieve its desired objectives. Based on a literature review, this paper discusses the reasons why the US-led state-building efforts in Afghanistan achieved limited success. It aims to reveal the US’ miscalculations and mistakes in Afghanistan from the perspective of three major components of state-building, i.e. Security and Peace; Democratization; and Reconstruction & Economic Development
Citační etika v pedagogickém výzkumu : k vynucování citací a zakládání citačních kartelů
Get PDFAčkoli počty citací jsou považovány zejména za indikátory reputace a přínosnosti vědců v akademické komunitě, mohou nabývat také určité ekonomické hodnoty. Tento ekonomizující přístup je možné pozorovat také v Česku, což s sebou přináší snahu některých vědců získávat citace eticky spornými z působy. Cílem studie tedy je podrobněji pojednat o problematice citování. Vybrané ukázky, které vycházejí z vlastní akademické zkušenosti a pozorování obou autorů, dokumentují, jak akademici vynucují citace a zakládají citační kartely. Z pohledu Mertonova vědeckého étosu tyto praktiky vedou k rozkladu nezaujatosti, transparentnosti a kritického přístupu ve vědě. V závěru uvádíme vybraná doporučení pro eticky správné citování.Ačkoli počty citací jsou považovány zejména za indikátory reputace a přínosnosti vědců v akademické komunitě, mohou nabývat také určité ekonomické hodnoty. Tento ekonomizující přístup je možné pozorovat také v Česku, což s sebou přináší snahu některých vědců získávat citace eticky spornými z působy. Cílem studie tedy je podrobněji pojednat o problematice citování. Vybrané ukázky, které vycházejí z vlastní akademické zkušenosti a pozorování obou autorů, dokumentují, jak akademici vynucují citace a zakládají citační kartely. Z pohledu Mertonova vědeckého étosu tyto praktiky vedou k rozkladu nezaujatosti, transparentnosti a kritického přístupu ve vědě. V závěru uvádíme vybraná doporučení pro eticky správné citování.Although numbers of citations are considered to be indicators of a researcher's reputation and contributions in academia, citations can also be assigned a certain economic value. This economic approach can be observed in Czechia, too, which motivates some researchers to gain citations using ethically problematic methods. Therefore, the aim of this study is to discuss issues related to citations. Selected excerpts, which originate from the authors' academic experience and observations, document how researchers coerce citations and establish citation cartels. Viewed from the perspective of Merton's scientific ethos, these practices undermine openmindedness, transparency, and a critical approach in research. We present some recommendations for ethically correct citations in the conclusion of this paper
Une mémoire a toutes les sauces : Rien et autres souvenirs d’Anne Élaine Cliche
Get PDFA partir de quoi fabrique-t-on la/une mémoire. Comment une mémoire se constitue-t-elle ? Se conserve-t-elle, se perpétue-t-elle ? Si oui, de quelle maniere ? Peut-elle etre altérée ? Quel est le role de la parole et la relation entre la mémoire et l’écriture ? Le roman d’Anne Élaine Cliche, romanciere et universitaire québécoise, conjugue ces questions a plusieurs niveaux qui se renvoient les réponses en jeu de miroirs. Le roman, publié en 1998, se déploie entre Montréal, New York et Jérusalem et si le noyau de l’histoire est formé par l’époque contemporaine, le rappel des Relations des jésuites renvoie les lecteurs a l’épopée missionnaire du XVIIe siecle. L’analyse du roman insiste sur ses aspects phénoménologiques et philosophiques, a la maniere de Kundera. Alors que la premiere partie du roman met l'accent sur la constitution et la préservation de la mémoire a travers le corps, la voix et la transposition dans le langage, dans la seconde partie, l'interrogation de la mémoire concerne sa véracité et l'interaction entre la mémoire constituée dans le récit et la réalité, entre un acte individuel et une mémoire collective.Z čeho a jak se vytváří paměť. Jak se uchovává a udržuje? Může se proměňovat? Jaká je role řeči a vztah mezi pamětí a psaním? Román Anne Élaine Cliche, quebecké prozaičky a literární teroretičky, kombinuje tyto otázky na několika úrovních a konfrontuje jednotlivé možné odpovědi. Román, publikovaný v roce 1998, se odehrává mezi Montrealem, New Yorkem a Jeruzalémem, a zatímco jádro příběhu tvoří současná doba, připomíkan jezuitských Relations vrací čtenáře zpět k misijnímu eposu 17. století. Analýza románu klade důraz na jeho fenomenologické a filozofické aspekty, podobné jako ty, s nimiž se setkáváme u Kundery. Zatímco první část románu zdůrazňuje vytváření a uchování paměti tělem, hlasem a transpozicí paměti do jazyka, v druhé části se klade otázka zpochybňování paměti, zkoumá se její věrohodnost a interakce mezi pamětí vytvořenou v příběhu a realitou, mezi individuálním aktem a kolektivní pamětí.What is the source of memory? How is a memory constituted? Could memory conserve itself and be perpetuated? If yes, how? What is the role of language and the relationship between memory and writing? Anne Élaine Cliche’s novel, published in 1998, unfolds between Montreal, New York and Jerusalem and even if the core of the story is situated in contemporary times, the recall of the Jesuit Relations refers to missionary adventures of the seventeenth century. The analysis of the novel insists on its phenomenological and philosophical aspects, in Kundera’s manner. While the first part of the novel places emphasis on the constitution and the preservation of memory through body, voice and transposition into language, in the second part, the questioning of memory concerns its truthfulness and the interaction between memory constituted in narrative and reality, between an individual act and a collective memory
Geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope characteristics of Miocene basalt-trachyte rock association in transitional zone between the Outer Western Carpathians and Bohemian Massif
Get PDFRepresentative samples covering all petrographic types of the Miocene subvolcanic (dykes and sills) basalt-trachyte rock association from the Uherský Brod area (UB, Moravia) in the Czech Republic were studied. The UB area is associated with the Klippen Zone in the neighbourhood of the contact of the Carpathian-Pannonian Block with the Bohemian Massif. The petrographic and geochemical features of the subvolcanic rocks from the UB area only partly resemble those of the calc-alkaline rocks in a similar structural position in the coeval Pieniny area in Poland as well as of the transitional calc-alkaline rocks from the Central Slovakian volcanic field. The Miocene subvolcanic rocks were generated by melting of the variably metasomatised sub-lithospheric source and subsequent fractional crystallisation of the primary basaltic magma. The compositional characteristics of this rock series straddle the alkaline and subalkaline volcanic rock fields, while the rocks from the Pieniny area and from the Central Slovakian volcanic field are predominantly calc-alkaline andesites. The distribution of incompatible elements such as U, Th, REE, Nb, Ta, Sr, Ba as well as LaN/YbN ratios and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope composition of the rocks from the UB and Pieniny areas differ substantially, whereas the geochemical patterns of the UB rocks are slightly similar to those of the transitional rocks from the Central Slovakian volcanic field. The modest contents of incompatible trace elements in the andesitic rocks from the Pieniny area share several characteristics of the prevalent calc-alkaline andesitic rocks from the Carpathian-Pannonian region. Basaltic-trachytic series from the UB area are characterised by higher epsilon Nd (similar to 2.5) and lower Sr-87/Sr-86 (similar to 0.704) and Pb-207/Pb-204 (similar to 15.65) initial values in comparison with the calc-alkaline rocks from the Carpathian-Pannonian region including the Pieniny area. Nevertheless, the basaltic-trachytic rocks from the UB, richer in some of the incompatible trace elements (e.g., U, Th, REE, Sr and Ba) partly resemble (including Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes) the Na-alkaline Miocene volcanic rock series of the NE shoulder of the Cheb-Domažlice Graben in the Bohemian Massif.Článek se zabývá studiem reprezentativních vzorků pokrývajících všechny petrografické typy miocenní subvulkanické (pravé a ložní žíly) bazalt-trachytové horninové asociace z oblasti Uherského Brodu (UB, Morava) v České republice. Oblast UB leží v blízkosti kontaktu karpatsko-pannonské oblasti s podložním Českým masivem. Petrografické a geochemické vlastnosti subvulkanických hornin z oblasti UB se pouze částečně podobají vápenato-alkalickým horninám stejného stáří a v podobné strukturní pozici v oblasti Pienin v Polsku a stejně tak také přechodným vápenato-alkalickým horninám ze středoslovenské vulkanické oblasti. Miocenní subvulkanické horniny vznikly tavením variabilně metasomatizovaného sub-litosférického zdroje a následnou frakční krystalizací primárního bazaltického magmatu. Kompoziční charakteristika této horninové série se překrývá s poli pro alkalické a subalkalické vulkanické horniny, zatímco horniny z oblasti Pienin a ze středoslovenské vulkanické oblasti jsou převážně vápenato-alkalické andezity. Distribuce nekompatibilních prvků jako U, Th, REE, Nb, Ta, Sr, Ba, stejně tak jako poměry LaN/YbN a izotopové složení Sr-Nd-Pb v horninách z oblatí UB a Pienin se výrazně liší, zatímco geochemická charakteristika hornin UB se podobá přechodným horninovým typům ze středoslovenské vulkanické oblasti. Relativně nízké obsahy nekompatibilních stopových prvků v andezitických horninách z oblasti Pienin částečně sdílejí charakteristiku převažujících vápenato-alkalických andezitických hornin z karpatsko-pannonské oblasti. Bazalticko-trachytické série z oblasti UB jsou charakterizovány vyššími hodnotami epsilon Nd (okolo 2,5) a nižšími iniciálními hodnotami Sr-87/Sr-86 (okolo 0,704) a Pb-207/Pb-204 (okolo 15,65) ve srovnání s vápenato-alkalickými horninami z karpatsko-pannonské oblasti včetně oblasti Pienin. Nicméně, bazalticko-trachytické hornin z UB, obohacené o některé nekompatibilní stopové prvky (např. U, Th, REE, Sr a Ba) se částečně podobají (včetně izotopů Sr-Nd-Pb) Na-alkalickým miocenním vulkanickým horninovým sériím sv. ramene chebsko-domažlického příkopu v Českém masivu
Cizinci a státní funkce
Get PDFText se zabývá možností cizinců vykonávat funkci člena vlády v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku. Uvádí historické příklady, zvláště z období Československa. Tuto možnost nevidí jako vhodnou, ale, za stávající právní úpravy, je to možné.The text deals with the possibility of foreigners to perform the function of a member of the government in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. It presents historical examples, especially from the period of Czechoslovakia. He does not see this option as appropriate, but, under current legislation, it is possible
Weak Negative Correlation between the Present Day Popularity and the Mean Emotional Valence of Late Victorian Novels
Get PDFDespite the recent upswing of computational research on Victorian novels, it has largely overlooked insight from cultural evolution and the cognitive sciences. This study aims to contribute to this incipient scholarship by testing the hypothesis that novels containing content with a lower mean emotionals valence are more likely to trigger recommendation-based transmission chains, and as a result tend to have greater cultural longevity. This study performs a correlation analysis between the mean sentiment and the contemporary popularity (using the number of user ratings from Goodreads) of a selection of late Victorian novels published in the United Kingdom between 1891 and 1901, taken from Project Gutenberg (n=846). Moreover, the study looks into the implications of this correlation for the differences between novels that were bestsellers at the time of publication and those that can be considered canonical today (that have recently had Broadview, Oxford University, or Penguin Press editions). The results show a weak negative correlation between the present day popularity and the mean emotional valence of the novels, which nevertheless holds true for both the bestselling and canonical novels. Moreover, canonical novels tend to have a lower mean emotional valence than the bestsellers