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Nach Klimt kein Ende? Ambivalenz und politische Legitimation in der Kunstgeschichte der Zwischenkriegszeit
No full textDie Belvedere-Ausstellung Nach Klimt kein Ende machte 2018 auf ein kurioses Phänomen in der Kunstgeschichte aufmerksam: Während die deutsche Kunst der 1920er und 1930er Jahre immer wieder fasziniert, ist die österreichische auf der internationalen Bühne fast unsichtbar. Dieser Artikel untersucht die Gründe für diese Tatsache. Er argumentiert, dass die marginale Position der österreichischen Kunst nach 1918 zwar den Verlust des internationalen politischen und kulturellen Status von Wien widerspiegelt, aber auch eine Funktion einer Vielzahl politischer Faktoren ist. Dazu gehören beispielsweise die Art und Weise, wie die Kunstgeschichte in umfassendere historische Narrative eingebettet ist, insbesondere in die Mythen der Wiedergeburt der neuen Staaten Mitteleuropas; die Tatsache, dass die figurative Malerei einen herausragenden Aspekt der österreichischen Kunst der Zwischenkriegszeit darstellte (mit geringem Interesse an avantgardistischen Praktiken der Fotomontage oder Fotografie); die Tatsache, dass viele österreichische Künstler offen katholische und andere religiöse Werte vertraten; die Ambivalenz und das Unbehagen gegenüber der autoritären Diktatur in Österreich, die dem Anschluss vorausging. All dies hat es schwierig gemacht, die österreichische Kunst in größere Erzählungen über die Moderne einzuordnen. Letztendlich erinnert uns die Ausstellung im Belvedere daran, dass die impliziten Werte und Rahmenbedingungen, die die Geschichtsschreibung der modernen Kunst bestimmen, niemals als "erledigt" betrachtet werden sollten.In 2018 the Belvedere Exhibition Nach Klimt kein Ende brought attention to a curious phenomenon in the history of art: the fact that while German art of the 1920s and 1930s has been an object of endless fascination, that of Austria is almost invisible on the international stage. This article examines the reasons for this fact. It argues that while the marginal position of Austrian art after 1918 reflects the loss of international political and cultural status of Vienna, it is also a function of a variety of political factors. These include, for instance, the way that the history of art is enmeshed in wider historical narratives, in particular, the myths of rebirth of the new states of central Europe; the fact that figurative painting was a prominent aspect of interwar Austrian art (with little interest in avant-garde practices of photomontage or photography); the fact that many Austrian artists openly endorsed Catholic and other religious values; ambivalence and awkwardness regarding the authoritarian dictatorship of Austria that preceded the Anschluss. All of these have made it difficult to fit Austrian art into larger narratives of modernism. Ultimately, the paper argues, the Belvedere exhibition reminds us that the implicit values and framework governing the historiography of modern art should never be regarded as ›settled‹
Vizualizace dat jako informační bariéra u nevidomých uživatelů
Get PDFÚčel – Při vizuální komunikaci dat v médiích, vědě i vzdělávání musíme brát na zřetel, že jisté procento příjemců bude limitováno ve svém vizuálním vnímání. Znevýhodnění vizuálního vnímání mohou být různorodá a pohybují se na širokém spektru od běžných krátkozrakostí/dalekozrakostí a poruch barvocitu, se kterými je možné se vypořádat relativně jednoduše, až k úplné ztrátě vizuálního vnímání, tedy slepotě. Ta dosud není ve vizualizační komunitě příliš často řešena, přestože vytváří zásadní informační bariéru. Design/metodologie/přístup – Příspěvek je pojat jako koncepční článek, který přináší syntézu poznatků z dosavadních prací a výzkumů v konkrétních tématech a prezentuje je skrze pohled nového kontextu tak, aby poskytl odrazový můstek pro další výzkum, který by měl zaplnit současná palčivá bílá místa. Výsledky – Koncepční článek přináší syntézu dosavadních debat a přístupů k překonávání bariér v oblasti vizuálního vnímání vizualizací a nahlíží na ně v širším kontextu. Jádrem textu jsou pak otázky o smysluplných podobách a přístupech k návrhu možných asistivních technologií i k jejich sociálním aspektům: příspěvek argumentuje, že prostá haptizace vizuálních předobrazů nemusí být dostatečnou cestou, je však nutné promýšlet i sociální aspekty zkoumaných řešení. Originalita/hodnota – Koncepční článek zpracovává v odborné vizualizační debatě upozaděné téma a je v druhém plánu také výzvou k dalšímu bádání v této zásadní problematice.Purpose – While communicating data in media, science, and education visually, we must consider that a certain percentage of recipients will be limited in their visual perception. The disadvantages of visual perception can be varied. They range from common refractive errors and colour blindness (these can be dealt with simply) to complete loss of visual perception, i.e. blindness. Blindness is still not often addressed in the data visualisation community, despite creating a significant information barrier. Design/Methodology/Approach – The article is conceived as a conceptual one. It brings a synthesis of findings from past work and research on specific topics and presents them through the perspective of a new context – to provide a springboard for further research. Results – The concept paper synthesises the debates and hitherto approaches to breaking down possible visual barriers in the perception of data visualisations, examining the topic in a broader context. At the heart of this examination are questions about meaningful forms and approaches to the design of assistive technologies and their social aspects. The article argues that simple haptisation of visual sources may not be sufficient and that the social aspects of the solution must also be considered. Originality/Value – The concept article deals with a sidelined topic of data visualization debate. Equally important, it serves as a call to action for further research into this crucial issue
Profiling Tryptophan Catabolites of Human Gut Microbiota and Acute-Phase Protein Levels in Neonatal Dried Blood Specimens
Get PDFNational screening programs use dried blood specimens to detect metabolic disorders or aberrant protein functions that are not clinically evident in the neonatal period. Similarly, gut microbiota metabolites and immunological acute-phase proteins may reveal latent immune aberrations. Microbial metabolites interact with xenobiotic receptors (i.e., aryl hydrocarbon and pregnane-X) to maintain gastrointestinal tissue health, supported by acute-phase proteins, functioning as sensors of microbial immunomodulation and homeostasis. The delivery (vaginal or cesarean section) shapes the microbial colonization, which substantially modulates both the immune system's response and mucosal homeostasis. This study profiled microbial metabolites of the kynurenine and tryptophan pathway and acute-phase proteins in 134 neonatal dried blood specimens. We newly established neonatal blood levels of microbial xenobiotic receptors ligands (i.e., indole-3-aldehyde, indole-3-butyric acid, and indole-3-acetamide) on the second day of life. Furthermore, we observed diverse microbial metabolic profiles in neonates born vaginally and via cesarean section, potentially due to microbial immunomodulatory influence. In summary, these findings suggest the supportive role of human gut microbiota in developing and maintaining immune system homeostasis.
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Oceňování pozemků s vodními díly
Get PDFČlánek se zabývá oceňováním pozemků s vodními stavbami. Nejprve definuje situace, kdy je nutné ocenit pozemek, na kterém se nachází vodní stavba. Pokračuje rozborem způsobu stanovení ceny pozemků, na nichž se nachází vodní stavba ve vlastnictví jiného subjektu než vlastníka pozemku.The paper deals with the valuation of land with hydraulic structures. First, it defines situations where it is necessary to appreciate the land on which the hydraulic structure is located. It continues with the analysis of the method of determining the price of land on which the hydraulic structure owned by a different entity than land owner are located. The contribution focuses on determining the market value of land
A Systematic Literature Review on 30 Years of Empirical Research on Information Systems Business Value
Get PDFInformation systems business value (ISBV) has been a key research topic for the IS research community. While the vast majority of ISBV research demonstrates the positive relationship between IS and firm performance, the fundamental question of the causal relationships between IS and business value remains partly unexplained. Moreover, researchers do not share a unified understanding of ISBV concepts. Therefore, this research intends to synthesize the past 30 years of empirical ISBV research, identify the gaps and shortcomings, conceptualize the ISBV concepts, and propose possibilities for further research that will widen the current narrowly-shared ISBV bottom line. The authors aim to synthesize (1) different operationalization of concepts in existing ISBV research; (2) IS determinants, consequences, and the relations among the variables; (3) the role of contextual factors; and (4) the adopted theoretical views.Information systems business value (ISBV) has been a key research topic for the IS research community. While the vast majority of ISBV research demonstrates the positive relationship between IS and firm performance, the fundamental question of the causal relationships between IS and business value remains partly unexplained. Moreover, researchers do not share a unified understanding of ISBV concepts. Therefore, this research intends to synthesize the past 30 years of empirical ISBV research, identify the gaps and shortcomings, conceptualize the ISBV concepts, and propose possibilities for further research that will widen the current narrowly-shared ISBV bottom line. The authors aim to synthesize (1) different operationalization of concepts in existing ISBV research; (2) IS determinants, consequences, and the relations among the variables; (3) the role of contextual factors; and (4) the adopted theoretical views
Harnessing Mother Tongue Diversity for Education in a Globalized Society: A literature review
Get PDFDiverse cultures and languages traverse borders, including the global educational space, hence the need to create cultural and mother tongue awareness. This paper adopts a theoretical research design, in its review of some articles to discuss the best ways mother tongue diversities can be harnessed in our schools to create a universal system of education that reduces educational inequities and leads to economic growth and cohesion. This review appraises the challenges associated with harnessing mother tongue diversities, and also discusses the benefits of harnessing mother tongue diversities for the students as a preferred solution for maintaining a culturally inclusive learning environment that allows students to flourish in the educational environment by putting their mother tongue into use.Různé kultury a jazyky překračují hranice, včetně globálního vzdělávacího prostoru, a proto je třeba vytvářet povědomí o kultuře a mateřském jazyce. V tomto článku jsme aplikovali teoretický výzkumný design, v němž se na základě přehledu vybraných článků diskutuje o nejlepších způsobech, jak lze využít rozmanitosti mateřských jazyků v našich školách k vytvoření univerzálního vzdělávacího systému, který snižuje nerovnosti ve vzdělávání, vede k hospodářskému růstu a soudržnosti. Představený přehled literatury hodnotí výzvy spojené s využíváním různorodosti mateřských jazyků. Text také diskutuje o výhodách využívání diverzity mateřského jazyka jako preferovaného řešení pro udržení kulturně inkluzivního vzdělávacího prostředí
“Late Hallstatt” hillforts in the Western Carpathians : new contribution to an old discussion
Get PDFThe article presents new research on fortified settlements from the Early Iron Age in the Orava and Dunajec river valleys. Based on the characteristics of the construction of the fortifications and similarities in terms of material culture, we propose recognizing the hillforts discovered here as a manifestation of one cultural and settlement horizon related to the so-called Pre-Púchov stage. The radiocarbon determinations obtained for the contexts stratigraphically related to the ramparts from the Nižná-Ostražica, Zabrzeż-Babia Góra, and Maszkowice-Góra Zyndrama sites are already located on the calibration curve after the so-called Hallstatt plateau and allow this horizon to be dated to the 4th century BC, i.e. to the times corresponding to the La Tène B1–B2 phases. Our observations confirm the opinions appearing in more recent literature about the need to date the Pre-Púchov stage in Slovakia earlier, and discuss the thesis about the continuation of settlement at the beginning of the La Tène period. With regard to the Polish Carpathian zone, arguments indicating the possibility of the survival of settlements with Early Iron Age traditions up to the 4th century BC are presented for the first time. This allows us to assume that the process of the formation of the cultural tradition of the La Tène period here progressed in a similar manner to Slovakia, and it was not solely the result of migration from the latter.Príspevok prezentuje nové výskumy na opevnených sídliskách z doby halštatskej v doline Oravy a Dunajca. Na základe charakteristiky výstavby opevnení a podobností z pohľadu hmotnej kultúry, považujeme prezentované hradiská za prejav jedného kultúrneho a sídliskového horizontu (tzv. predpúchovský horizont). Analyzované radiokarbónové vzorky získané z kontextov stratigraficky súvisiacych s valmi z lokalít Nižná-Ostražica, Zabrzeż-Babia Góra a Maszkowice-Góra Zyndrama, sa nachádzajú na kalibračnej krivke už po tzv. halštatskom plató a umožňujú tento horizont datovať. do 4. storočia pred Kristom, teda do čias zodpovedajúcich laténskej fáze LT B1–B2. Výsledky potvrdzujú názory objavujúce sa v novšej literatúre o potrebe skoršieho datovania predpúchovského horizontu na Slovensku a tiež o pokračovaní osídlenia na začiatku doby laténskej. V súvislosti s karpatskou oblasťou na území Poľska sú po prvýkrát prezentované argumenty naznačujúce možnosť prežívania osád s tradíciami v staršej doby železnej až do 4. storočia pred Kristom. To umožňuje predpokladať, že proces formovania kultúrnej tradície doby laténskej tu prebiehal podobne ako na Slovensku a nebol len dôsledkom neskoršej migrácie.The article presents new research on fortified settlements from the Early Iron Age in the Orava and Dunajec river valleys. Based on the characteristics of the construction of the fortifications and similarities in terms of material culture, we propose recognizing the hillforts discovered here as a manifestation of one cultural and settlement horizon related to the so-called Pre-Púchov stage. The radiocarbon determinations obtained for the contexts stratigraphically related to the ramparts from the Nižná-Ostražica, Zabrzeż-Babia Góra, and Maszkowice-Góra Zyndrama sites are already located on the calibration curve after the so-called Hallstatt plateau and allow this horizon to be dated to the 4th century BC, i.e. to the times corresponding to the La Tène B1–B2 phases. Our observations confirm the opinions appearing in more recent literature about the need to date the Pre-Púchov stage in Slovakia earlier, and discuss the thesis about the continuation of settlement at the beginning of the La Tène period. With regard to the Polish Carpathian zone, arguments indicating the possibility of the survival of settlements with Early Iron Age traditions up to the 4th century BC are presented for the first time. This allows us to assume that the process of the formation of the cultural tradition of the La Tène period here progressed in a similar manner to Slovakia, and it was not solely the result of migration from the latter
Evidence of flexoelectricity in graphene nanobubbles created by tip induced electric field
Get PDFStrain engineering in graphene nanobubbles (GNB) has made significant progress in recent years opening new possibilities to observe quantum phenomena such as Newton's ring oscillation and generation of pseudomagnetic field. Here, we demonstrated that controlled formation of graphene nanobubbles is possible on transferred graphene on standard SiO2/Si substrate by the application of external electric field through the tip of piezoelectric force microscope (PFM). We manipulated their dimensional attributes (height, area and volume) by varying tip ramp voltage and tip distance. Prominent out-of-plane piezo-response (flexoelectricity) was observed using PFM in the newly created nanobubbles due to the presence of non-uniform strain gradients in the nanobubbles. Moreover, we found quadratic dependence of the effective piezoelectric coefficient proportional to the increasing bubble creation ramp voltage. Our work motivates the exploration of flexoelectric properties and related applications with 2D nanobubbles on different substrates
Colorectal Tumour Mucosa Microbiome Is Enriched in Oral Pathogens and Defines Three Subtypes That Correlate with Markers of Tumour Progression
Get PDFDysbiosis of the gut microbiome may contribute to the heterogeneity of colorectal cancer from phenotypic, prognostic and response to treatment perspectives. We analysed CRC microbiome by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of paired tumour mucosa, adjacent visually normal mucosa and stool swabs of 178 patients with stage 0–IV CRC. We observed that tumour mucosa is dominated by pathogenic bacteria of oral origin and proposed a CRC tumour microbiome subtyping system. The subtypes and tumour mucosa genera were associated with prognostic clinical covariates (tumour grade, localisation, TNM, BRAF mutation and MSI). In contrast, changes in the stool microbiome were associated with lymph node involvement and the presence of synchronous metastases. We discovered new associations between microorganisms and CRC and clinical parameters. Our study represents a step forward in understanding the role of the microbiome and its interactions with factors involved in tumour progression, and it opens novel avenues for exploring new treatments and biomarkers
Transformation der Institutionen – Kontinuität der Problemdeutung. Überlegungen zum Problemfeld Transformation, Tradierung und qualitative Forschung aus einer bildungshistorischen Perspektive
Get PDFWährend ein besseres Verständnis gerade gegenwärtiger institutioneller Transformationen als dringlich empfunden wird, lassen sich Transformationsprozesse aus einiger zeitlicher Distanz besser beurteilen. Möglicherweise kann also die historische Bildungsforschung sinnvolle Beiträge leisten – nicht so sehr zur konkreten Analyse gegenwärtiger Transformationsprozesse, aber zur Sondierung des Problemfeldes. Der vorgeschlagene Beitrag fokussiert auf abgeschlossene Transformationsprozesse der pädagogischen Institution Schule und dabei auf die Akteursgruppe der Lehrerinnen und Lehrer und ihre Problemdeutungen vor dem Hintergrund des Wandels ihres Arbeitsumfeldes. Ausgehend von der Untersuchung einer Schulreformdebatte in einer longue durée-Perspektive, die ich im Rahmen meiner Dissertation betrieben habe, und von meinem aktuellen Forschungsvorhaben über den Wandel berufsbezogener Deutungsmuster bei Lehrerinnen und Lehrern in historischer Perspektive soll dabei folgende These entwickelt werden: Vor dem Hintergrund von Veränderungen des Berufsfeldes waren die Muster der Problemdeutung von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern der Herstellung von subjektiv wahrgenommener Kontinuität verpflichtet. Das heißt, in der Auseinandersetzung mit Wandel wurde selektiv vorgegangen, und zwar so, dass eine möglichst problemlose Integration des Neuen in bestehende und bewährte Muster der Problemdeutung und seine Bearbeitung entlang dieser Muster möglich war. Tatsächlich vollzogener institutioneller Wandel ist häufig etwas, das den Akteurinnen widerfährt, und nur äußerst selten die Verwirklichung ihrer selbstgesetzten Ziele. Ihre Wahrnehmungen von Wandlungsprozessen sind dabei noch gebrochen durch das eben beschriebene spezifische Muster der Problemdeutung. Für die Frage nach den Möglichkeiten qualitativer Forschung zum Wandel pädagogischer Institutionen ergibt sich daraus, dass sie aufgrund der Perspektivität ihrer Zugänge vor grundlegende Probleme gestellt ist. Zwar wäre etwa gerade in der historischen Bildungsforschung auch eine Rekonstruktion des Wandels pädagogischer Institutionen jenseits einer akteursgebundenen Perspektive möglich, diese greift dann aber auch auf andere Quellensorten zurück als auf Selbstzeugnisse der Akteurinnen. Qualitative Forschung, die sich mit gegenwärtigem Wandel pädagogischer Institutionen auseinandersetzen will, müsste sich demnach entweder auf die Frage des Umgangs der Akteurinnen mit diesem Wandel konzentrieren, für die Beschreibung des Wandels selbst aber auf die Beiträge anderer Forschungszweige zurückgreifen (bzw. konsequent eine sozialkonstruktivistische Position vertreten, die diese Frage überhaupt suspendiert) oder sie müsste sich die Frage stellen, ob und wie eine Erforschung institutionellen Wandels jenseits einer Akteursperspektive überhaupt möglich ist.While a better understanding of current institutional transformations is felt to be urgent, transformation processes can be better assessed from a certain distance in time. It is therefore possible that historical educational research can make meaningful contributions – not so much for the concrete analysis of current transformation processes, but for probing the problem area. The proposed contribution focuses on completed transformation processes of the pedagogical institution school and on the actor group of teachers and their interpretation of the problem against the background of the change in their working environment. Based on the investigation of a school reform debate in a longue durée perspective, which I conducted as part of my dissertation, and on my current research project on the change in job-related interpretation patterns among teachers from a historical perspective, the following thesis is to be developed: Against the background of Due to changes in the professional field, the patterns of problem interpretation by teachers were committed to the creation of subjectively perceived continuity. This means that when dealing with change, a selective approach was taken in such a way that the new could be integrated into existing and proven patterns of problem interpretation and processed along these patterns with as few problems as possible. Actual institutional change is often something that happens to the actors and very rarely the realization of their self-imposed goals. Their perceptions of change processes are still broken by the specific pattern of problem interpretation just described. The question of the possibilities of qualitative research on the change in pedagogical institutions results from the fact that it is faced with fundamental problems due to the perspective of its approaches. In historical educational research in particular, it would be possible to reconstruct the change in pedagogical institutions beyond an actor-related perspective, but this would then also fall back on other types of sources than the self-testimonies of the actors. Qualitative research that wants to deal with the current change in educational institutions should therefore either concentrate on the question of how the actors deal with this change, but for the description of the change itself it would have to fall back on the contributions of other branches of research (or consistently represent a social-constructivist position , which suspends this question at all) or it would have to ask itself whether and how research into institutional change is even possible beyond an actor's perspective