Revistas Científicas de la Universidad de Deusto
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Observaciones críticas al vigente marco legal de las sociedades cooperativas de Andalucía
No full textOn December 23, 2011, Law 14/2011 of Andalusian Cooperative Societies was promulgated. This Law of third generation, after those of 1985 and 1999, along with its Regulation of development approved by Decree 123/2014, set up the legal framework of the cooperatives that mainly develop their corporate activity in Andalusia, which has the largest number of cooperatives from Spain. The new legal framework was conceived as required adaptation to the logical evolution of the economic and regulatory environment in which cooperatives are inserted, but also explained as necessary internal reform, as an evolution of the corporate type itself. In both aspects numerous and important changes are introduced with respect to the previous legislation. It is also in the vanguard of a certain matter with respect to the other autonomic cooperative laws. This justifies the elaboration of a critical analysis of the content of the new legal framework of the cooperatives of Andalusia.
Received: 29 May 2017Accepted: 04 July 2017El 23 de diciembre de 2011 se promulgó la Ley 14/2011 de Sociedades Cooperativas Andaluzas. Esta Ley, de tercera generación, tras las de 1985 y 1999, junto a su Reglamento de desarrollo aprobado por el Decreto 123/2014, configuran el marco legal de las cooperativas que desarrollen principalmente su actividad societaria en Andalucía, Comunidad Autónoma con mayor número de cooperativas de España. El nuevo marco legal fue concebido por el legislador andaluz como obligada adaptación a la lógica evolución del entorno económico y normativo en que se insertan las cooperativas, pero también explicada como necesaria reforma interna, como evolución del propio tipo societario. En ambas vertientes son numerosos e importantes los cambios que se introducen respecto a la legislación anterior, situándose además en vanguardia en cierta materia respecto al resto de leyes cooperativas autonómicas, lo que justifica la elaboración de un análisis crítico del contenido del nuevo marco legal de las cooperativas de Andalucía.
Recibido: 29 mayo 2017Aceptado: 04 julio 201
El tardío reconocimiento del carácter mercantil de las sociedades cooperativas y su consecuencia
No full textThe wide range of legislation existing on cooperative societies is the result of historical and political circumstances that go beyond the decision of the Constitutional Court of 1983 accepting the constitutionality of Act 1/1982, of 1 February, on Cooperatives, of the Basque Country, which was followed by others from other autonomous communities until the current legal cooperative framework was reached. This stemmed from the fact that the commercial nature of cooperative societies had not been accepted by the national legislator before 1979, when the first Statute of Autonomy was published. However, the discussions and conclusions on the commercial nature of cooperative societies have been present in the legal doctrine far before that date. This paper briefly reviews the legal concepts and grounds that have been provided with regard to cooperatives through to their current perceived status as commercial societies.
Received: 03 July 2017 Accepted: 26 September 2017La dispersión normativa en materia de sociedades cooperativas es el efecto de circunstancias históricas y políticas que van más allá de la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional de 1983 asumiendo la constitucionalidad de la Ley 1/1982, de 1 de febrero, sobre Cooperativas, del País Vasco, a la que siguieron otras de diversas comunidades autónomas hasta el actual marco legal cooperativo. El que no se hubiera asumido por el legislador nacional antes de 1979, fecha de publicación del primer estatuto de autonomía, la naturaleza mercantil de las sociedades cooperativas ha dado lugar a esta situación, sin embargo, el debate y conclusiones del carácter mercantil de las sociedades cooperativas ha estado presente en la doctrina desde mucho antes de dicha fecha. En este trabajo se hace un repaso a las concepciones y justificaciones legales que se ha dado a las cooperativas hasta su actual percepción como sociedades de naturaleza mercantil.
Recibido: 03 julio 2017Aceptado: 26 septiembre 201
La Resolución 4.327/2014, del Banco Central de Brasil, en el escenario de las cooperativas financieras brasileñas
No full textThe Brazilian financial system was instituted by Law 4.595, of December 31, 1964. At the core of its regulatory structure, the Central Bank of Brazil composes the normative subsystem. In order to maintain the connection of financial institutions with the commitment of sustainable development, the Central Bank of Brazil issued Resolution 4.327/2014, determining that the obligation of financial institutions to implement socio-environmental responsibility policies. In this context, financial cooperatives, submissive to the rules of the Brazilian financial system, have an adequate tool in the values and cooperative principles to promote socio-environmental responsibility.
Received: 16 April 2018Accepted: 18 May 2018El sistema financiero brasileño fue instituido por la Ley 4.595, del 31 de diciembre de 1964. En el núcleo de su estructura normativa, el Banco Central de Brasil compone el subsistema normativo. Para mantener la conexión de las instituciones financieras con el compromiso del desarrollo sostenible, el Banco Central de Brasil editó la Resolución 4.327/2014, determinando que la obligación de las instituciones financieras implementar políticas de responsabilidad socio ambiental. En este contexto, las cooperativas financieras, sumisas a las reglas del sistema financiero brasileño, tienen en los valores y principios cooperativos una herramienta adecuada a la promoción de la responsabilidad socio ambiental.
Recibido: 16 abril 2018Aceptado: 18 mayo 201
Do processo de formação da legislação cooperativa brasileira à atualidade das cooperativas agrícolas e de consumo: a nova estrutura do cooperativismo brasileiro
No full textThe present work addresses the historical process of formation of Brazilian cooperative legislation, going through the expression of Cooperativism in the plan of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, of 1988. Likewise, and considering its importance for the socioeconomic development of Brazilian society, it portrays the main characteristics of the agricultural and consumer sectors. Finally, and taking into account the activities of the Organization of Brazilian Cooperatives, it presents the current structure of the cooperative branches.
Received: 08 February 2021Accepted: 10 March 2021O presente trabalho aborda o processo histórico de formação da legislação cooperativa brasileira, perpassando pela expressão do Cooperativismo no plano da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, de 1988. Assim mesmo, e tendo em vista sua importância para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico da sociedade brasileira, retrata as principais características dos ramos agropecuário e de consumo. Finalmente, e levando em consideração a atuação da Organização das Cooperativas Brasileiras, apresenta a atual estruturação dos ramos cooperativos.
Recibido: 08 febrero 2021Aceptado: 10 marzo 2021O presente trabalho aborda o processo histórico de formação da legislação cooperativa brasileira, perpassando pela expressão do Cooperativismo no plano da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, de 1988. Assim mesmo, e tendo em vista sua importância para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico da sociedade brasileira, retrata as principais características dos ramos agropecuário e de consumo. Finalmente, e levando em consideração a atuação da Organização das Cooperativas Brasileiras, apresenta a atual estruturação dos ramos cooperativos.
Recibido: 08 febrero 2021Aceptado: 10 marzo 202
A intervenção positiva do Estado no domínio econômico por meio da forma cooperativa
No full textThis article proposes that the cooperative economic form, in Brazil, is a means determined by the Federal Constitution for the State to promote socioeconomic balance. State intervention cannot be limited to neutralizing market failures, but on the contrary, by constitutional order, the State is given the duty to support and encourage the cooperative economic form to provide yet another tool for citizens to participate in free competition. In this way, it is guaranteed, as a fundamental right, that the citizen has the possibility to get rid of hyposufficiency and become an agent within the scope of free competition, thus also acting for the achievement of the common social wellbeing.
Received: 15 February 2021Accepted: 25 March 2021Este artigo propõe que a forma econômica cooperativa, no Brasil, seja um meio determinado pela Constituição Federal para que o Estado promova o equilibro socioeconômico. A intervenção estatal não pode se limitar a neutralizar falhas de mercado, mas pelo contrário, por ordem constitucional, é determinado ao Estado o dever de apoio e estímulo à forma econômica cooperativa para proporcionar mais uma ferramenta aos cidadãos para participar da livre concorrência. Dessa maneira, garante-se, como direito fundamental, que o cidadão tenha a possibilidade de se livrar da hipossuficiência e passar a ser agente no âmbito da livre concorrência, assim também atuando para a obtenção do bem-estar social comum.
Recibido: 15 febrero 2021Aceptado: 25 marzo 2021Este artigo propõe que a forma econômica cooperativa, no Brasil, seja um meio determinado pela Constituição Federal para que o Estado promova o equilibro socioeconômico. A intervenção estatal não pode se limitar a neutralizar falhas de mercado, mas pelo contrário, por ordem constitucional, é determinado ao Estado o dever de apoio e estímulo à forma econômica cooperativa para proporcionar mais uma ferramenta aos cidadãos para participar da livre concorrência. Dessa maneira, garante-se, como direito fundamental, que o cidadão tenha a possibilidade de se livrar da hipossuficiência e passar a ser agente no âmbito da livre concorrência, assim também atuando para a obtenção do bem-estar social comum.
Recibido: 15 febrero 2021Aceptado: 25 marzo 202
Empresas recuperadas por cooperativas
No full textLa recuperación de empresas por cooperativas de trabajo ha sido un fenómeno que se ha forjado no solo desde la práctica sino también por la normativa que atraviesa parte de estos procesos. En el presente trabajo se analiza cómo ha sido este camino desde lo legal, haciendo foco en el momento histórico en el que aparecen las empresas recuperadas por sus trabajadores (ERTs) en la ley de concursos y quiebras y su exigencia de conformarse bajo la figura de cooperativa de trabajo. También se realizará un mapeo a nivel nacional, provincial y municipal de toda la normativa donde se menciona a las empresas recuperadas, categorizándola de manera tal de permitir un análisis. Finalmente se abordarán otras particularidades a nivel regulación.
Recibido: 29 septiembre 2021Aceptado: 08 octubre 2021The recovery factories by worker cooperatives has been a phenomenon that has been forged not only by practice but also by the regulations that have been part of these processes. This paper analyzes the legal aspects of this process, focusing on the historical moment in which the worker-recuperated enterprises (ERTs) appear in the bankruptcy law and its requirement to be established as worker cooperatives. A mapping will also be made at the national, provincial and municipal levels of all the regulations that mention recovery factories, categorizing them in such a way as to allow an analysis. Finally, other particularities at the regulatory level will be addressed.
Received: 29 September 2021Accepted: 08 October 202
The future challenges of scientific and technical higher education
No full textThe world is experiencing significant changes, including exponential growth of the global population, global warming and climate change, biodiversity loss, international migration, digitalization, smart agriculture/farming, synthetic biology, and most recently a global human health pandemic. These trends pose a set of relevant challenges for the training of new graduates as well as for the re-skilling of current workers through lifelong learning programs. Our paper seeks to answer two research questions: (1) are current study programs suitable to prepare students for their professional future and (2) are study programs adequate to deliver the needs of current and new generations of students? We analyzed the professional figures and the skills required by the job market, as well as the number of students enrolled in technical-scientific HE study programs in Europe. We discuss the needs of future students considering how the teaching tools and methods enabled by digitalization might contribute to increasing the effectiveness of training these students. Finally, we shed light on the different types of HE study programs that can meet the educational challenges of the future.
Received: 23 June 2020Accepted: 04 May 202
LIFECOMP: El Marco de Referencia Europeo para la competencia personal, social y de aprender a aprender. Relevancia en el contexto de la Covid-19
No full textWhile respecting the subsidiarity principle, the European Union fosters the Key competencies for lifelong learning. One of the eight key competences proposed by the European Council in its Recommendation of 2018 on Key Competences is ‘Personal, social and learning to learn’. LifeComp is the European conceptual framework for this competence. It establishes three areas and nine subcompetences: Self-regulation, Flexibility and Wellbeing (Personal area); Empathy, Communication and Collaboration (Social area); Growth mindset, Critical thinking and Managing learning (Learning to learn). The conceptual framework was released in June 2020. Having the LifeComp competences have proven to be relevant in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. We describe the framework and provide indications on its potential for citizens now and in the post pandemic era.
Received: 29.05.2021Accepted: 18.06.2021
Respetando el principio de la subsidiariedad, la Unión Europea promueve las competencias clave para el aprendizaje permanente. Una de las ocho que enunció el Consejo Europeo en su Recomendación de 2018 sobre competencias clave es la competencia ‘Personal, Social y de Aprender a aprender’. LifeComp es el marco conceptual europeo para esta competencia, que establece las tres áreas y las nueve subcompetencias que la componen: Autorregulación, Flexibilidad y Bienestar (Área personal); Empatía, Comunicación y Colaboración (Área social); Mentalidad de crecimiento, Pensamiento crítico y Gestión del aprendizaje (Aprender a aprender). El marco conceptual fue publicado en junio de 2020. Tener las competencias enunciadas por LifeComp se ha mostrado de particular relevancia en el contexto de la pandemia de la Covid-19. Describimos el marco y damos algunas indicaciones sobre su potencial para los ciudadanos tanto ahora como en la postpandemia.
Recibido: 29.05.2021Aceptado: 18.06.202
El ejercicio de derechos fundamentales en la cárcel: el caso del derecho a la educación en las cárceles catalanas
No full textThe Spanish Constitution establishes that inmates, although being legally deprived of their freedom of movement, maintain the possibility of exercising the rest of their fundamental rights. Yet, both legal and sociological approaches to this matter make visible serious effects on the exercise of said rights. One of them is the right to education, a fundamental and human right recognized for all people throughout life whose objective is the full development of one’s personality. Despite the importance of this right and the centrality of educational activity in society, problems surrounding its exercise in a prison environment have been sparsely addressed. For this reason, in the present work we analyze the exercise of the right to education of people deprived of liberty, more specifically, in Catalan prisons, following an approach to daily practice from a teaching perspective. We study how schools fit within a prison context in an attempt to determine whether or not there are limitations or conditions to the exercise of this right, and which advantages of their presence are.
Received: 14.10.2021Accepted: 13.12.2021La Constitución española establece que las personas que se encuentran en la cárcel, si bien están legalmente privadas de su libertad ambulatoria, mantienen la posibilidad de ejercer el resto de sus derechos fundamentales. Sin embargo, las aproximaciones, tanto jurídicas como sociológicas, a esta cuestión visibilizan graves afectaciones al ejercicio de estos derechos. Uno de ellos es el derecho a la educación, un derecho humano y fundamental que se reconoce para todas las personas durante toda la vida, y que tiene como objetivo el pleno desarrollo de la personalidad. A pesar de la importancia de este derecho y de la centralidad de la actividad educativa en la sociedad, las problemáticas en torno a su ejercicio en el ámbito penitenciario han sido escasamente tratadas. Por eso, en este trabajo analizamos el ejercicio del derecho a la educación de las personas privadas de libertad, concretamente, en las cárceles catalanas y con una aproximación a la práctica diaria desde la perspectiva docente. Estudiamos el encaje de las escuelas dentro de las prisiones para tratar de determinar si existen o no limitaciones o condicionantes al ejercicio de este derecho, y cuáles son las ventajas de su presencia.
Recibido: 14.10.2021Aceptado: 13.12.202