Revistas Científicas de la Universidad de Deusto
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Disonancias en la Europa de los derechos
No full textThis work deals with the dissonances that are noticed in Europe with regard to rights and freedoms of the people, due to the divergences that are appreciated with respect to the legal recognition and in the judical guarantee of these. To this end, we first analyze how today Europe, in terms of rights and freedoms, identifies itself in law as a distinct space in the global context. It then deals with the diverse configuration and legal recognition of rights in the European space, as well as the nature with which national and European courts act in their guarantee. We then study how the previous configuration of rights and freedoms is related to the courts in Europe, and in this light we also examine the divergences between rights and courts that can be seen in the different legal systems and which create dissonance in the European space of rights. And finally, we will dedicate some considerations with which to reduce such divergences and dissonances.
Received: 22.11.2024Accepted: 28.11.2024
PDF and HTML corr.: 13/01/2025DOI in the footer: <https://doi.org/10.18543/ed.3206> instead of <https://doi.org/10.18543/ed.3104>.Este trabajo trata sobre las disonancias que se advierten en Europa en relación a los derechos y las libertades de las personas, en razón a las divergencias que se aprecian al respecto del reconocimiento jurídico y en la garantía jurisdiccional de éstos. A este fin primero se analiza cómo hoy Europa en materia de derechos y libertades se identifica desde el Derecho como un espacio propio ante el contexto global. Luego se trata la diversa configuración y reconocimiento jurídico de los derechos en el espacio europeo, además del carácter con el que actúan los tribunales nacionales y europeos en su garantía. Después se estudia cómo se relaciona la anterior configuración de los derechos y las libertades con los tribunales en Europa, y a su luz se examinan también las divergencias que entre unos y otros derechos y tribunales que se aprecian en los distintos ordenamientos y generan las disonancias en el espacio europeo de los derechos. Y para terminar, dedicaremos unas consideraciones con las que reducir dichas divergencias y disonancias.
Fecha de recepción: 22.11.2024Fecha de aprobación: 28.11.2024
PDF y HTML corr.: 13/01/2025DOI en pie de página: <https://doi.org/10.18543/ed.3206> en lugar <https://doi.org/10.18543/ed.3104>
La encrucijada de los derechos fundamentales en la era del control ex ante asociado a la IA preventiva: Una nueva forma de discriminación
No full textAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly integrated into the social fabric of contemporary communities, ethical considerations surrounding their impact on fundamental rights have come to the fore. Indeed, the growing significance of AI has recently prompted a pivotal discourse within academic and policy circles in Europe concerning the development of an ethical framework for human-centric AI. As part of a broader research project examining the implications of AI on fundamental rights, particularly the right to non-discrimination, our objective is to present a preliminary overview of fundamental rights’ risk management in the context of AI. In light of the significant impact of AI on vulnerable individuals and minorities, our discussion will subsequently address critical areas of concern related to the EU AI Act, including algorithmic bias and its constituent elements of discrimination based on ethnicity or religion.
Received: 06 June 2024 Accepted: 22 November 2024A medida que los sistemas de Inteligencia Artificial se integran cada vez más en el tejido social de las comunidades contemporáneas, las consideraciones éticas en torno a su impacto sobre los derechos fundamentales cobran más fuerza. En este sentido, tanto en círculos académicos como políticos europeos se ha propagado en los últimos años un debate recurrente sobre la viabilidad de construir un marco ético favorable a una dimensión antropocéntrica de la IA. Como parte de un proyecto de investigación más amplio que examina las implicaciones de la IA sobre los derechos fundamentales, en particular el derecho a la no discriminación, nuestro objetivo es presentar una visión preliminar de la gestión del riesgo de los derechos fundamentales en el contexto de la IA. A la luz del significativo impacto de la IA sobre las personas vulnerables y las minorías, nuestro estudio abordará asimismo aquellas áreas críticas relacionadas con el Reglamento europeo de la IA, incluido el sesgo algorítmico y sus elementos constitutivos de discriminación por motivos étnicos o religiosos.
Recibido: 06 junio 2024 Aceptado: 22 noviembre 202
Emprendimiento y empresa familiar: ¿dos disciplinas hermanas o distintas?
No full textIs entrepreneurship and family business two sibling or distinct disciplines? Both are disciplines with their own entity, but from the beginning, they have been strongly connected. In fact, family businesses have been considered a central element of the entrepreneurial process where family influence is particularly relevant in the early stages of business creation. However, the initial stage of these companies has been little explored. This article has a double objective. First, it provides a brief historical perspective on the evolution of the two academic disciplines and their interrelationships, and second, it seeks to summarize the main conclusions of the scarce literature on the perspective of family embeddedness that studies the family-entrepreneurship binomial. Finally, the paper proposes different lines of research for future studies related to family business and entrepreneurship.
Received: 26 April 2023Accepted: 5 October 2023El emprendimiento y la empresa familiar ¿son dos disciplinas hermanas o distintas? Ambas son disciplinas con entidad propia, pero desde el inicio ambas han estado fuertemente conectadas. De hecho, las empresas familiares han sido consideradas como un elemento central del proceso emprendedor donde la influencia de la familia es particularmente relevante en las primeras etapas de la creación de la empresa. Sin embargo, la etapa inicial de estas empresas ha sido poco explorada. Este artículo tiene un doble objetivo. En primer lugar, proporciona una pequeña perspectiva histórica de la evolución de las dos disciplinas académicas y sus interrelaciones, y, en segundo lugar, trata de resumir las principales conclusiones de la escasa literatura sobre la perspectiva del arraigo familiar que estudia el binomio familia-emprendimiento. Por último, el trabajo propone diferentes líneas de investigación para futuros estudios relacionados con la empresa familiar y el emprendimiento.
Recibido: 26 de abril de 2023 Aceptado: 05 de octubre de 202
Factors influencing international students’ perceived value and satisfaction at private universities in Malaysia
No full textIt is critical to investigate the major factors that influence the perceived value and satisfaction of international students in Malaysia, as the country has seen a decrease in international students since 2017 and strives to become an international education hub. This research aims to: (1) ascertain the level of satisfaction experienced by international students attending private universities (PrUs) in the Klang Valley; (2) identify factors and present a model that measures their influence on the perceived value and satisfaction of international students; and (3) propose policy recommendations to key stakeholders. An empirical study was conducted using a quantitative research methodology via physical survey using structured questionnaires. A total of 502 surveys from international students were collected from twelve private universities in the Klang Valley. The partial least squares structural equation modelling technique was employed to assess the measurement and structural model in validating the study model. Based on the empirical findings, the external environment, image, academic and non-academic constructs positively influence perceived value, which affects satisfaction. Results also confirm that the post-behavioural intentions of satisfied international students are word-of-mouth recommendations and loyalty. The results provided new perspectives on attracting and retaining international students to study in Malaysia. Theoretical, policy and practical implications are discussed.
Received: 31 October 2023Accepted: 6 February 202
Competence-based teacher education programmes: Transitioning towards a paradigm shift or preserving the traditional?
No full textAdapting teacher education programs to societal changes is a current issue, especially when viewed through the European frameworks driving transformative reforms. The paper reports how European frameworks and other initiatives in higher education and teacher education aim to support the transformation of teacher education programmes. Multiple European-level interventions have engendered shifts in the conceptual understanding and orientation of initial teacher education programmes across numerous contexts within Europe. The purpose of this paper was to examine the shift of teacher education programmes into competence-based in Kosovo, the youngest country in Europe, in the context of European frameworks as an impetus for transition. This qualitative research is a part of a broader study that involves analysing study programmes, conducting interviews with teacher educators and management staff, and holding focus groups with student-teachers. The goal is to explore the path of contextualizing European-inspired programme reforms in more detail. The findings show that Kosovo is shifting to a competence-based approach to align with EU integration, incorporating European principles for programme improvement. However, the study reveals a notable focus on maintaining programmes’ tradition. This leads to tensions and contradictions regarding programme tradition, EU integration goals, and actual implementation. The results provide valuable insights into the significance of educational context and the tacit knowledge of teacher educators and other stakeholders during programme reforms within the context of European initiatives.
Received: 29 April 2023Accepted: 13 January 202
English
No full textDrawing on the data collected via a European funded project with eleven higher education partners, the article proposes a five-stage working model which can be adopted in and adapted to different institutional contexts so as to shift perceptions, strengthen engagement and channel commitment with a view to developing the desired quality culture. The project explored ways in which quality in higher education was viewed and practised by three main stakeholder groups: students, academics and quality managers, referred to as three ‘quality circles’. It adopted a reflective approach to issues of quality based on grassroots discussion and cooperation between key, but in some cases disengaged, stakeholders in the quality process. The project designed, tried and tested a series of activities which demonstrated lasting impact. The analysis of the project data revealed a patterning, which, if organised sequentially, carries the potential to crystalise into an action model which may be replicated by individual higher education institutions in support of advancing towards the quality culture they might be striving for. This article highlights the building blocks of the model and explains practices which can underpin their successful implementation.
Received: 3 August 2023Accepted: 9 April 202
La representación desproporcionada de una población “minoritaria” en la “educación especial” en la escuela: el caso de España
No full textResearch on disproportionate representation in “special education” has been carried out in the international literature. In Spain, studies on this subject are scarce. In this case, we focus on the study of this disproportion, but within the framework of diversity management in the school context. To this end, a comparison has been made between the data on the foreign population and the Spanish population based on official statistics. In both cases, this refers to the population enrolled in schools in Spain. The statistical data presented in our work show very different percentages of special education for certain nationalities compared to the Spanish population. The evident differences show us the existence of inequalities in schools that are nuanced according to the territories and the ownership of the educational centres.
Received: 29 June 2023Accepted: 28 September 2023Desde la literatura internacional se han realizado investigaciones sobre la representación desproporcionada en la “educación especial”. En España los estudios sobre esta temática son escasos. En este caso, nos centramos en el estudio de esta desproporción, pero en el marco de la gestión de la diversidad en el contexto escolar. Para ello se ha realizado una comparación de los datos de población de nacionalidad extranjera con la población de nacionalidad española a partir de las estadísticas oficiales. En ambos casos se trata de población matriculada en las escuelas en España. Los datos estadísticos que presentamos en nuestro trabajo evidencian porcentajes muy diferentes de presencia en educación especial de determinadas nacionalidades frente a la población de nacionalidad española. Las diferencias que se evidencian nos anuncian la existencia de desigualdades en la escuela que se matizan según los territorios y la titularidad de los centros educativos.
Recibido: 29 junio 2023 Aceptado: 28 septiembre 202
Principales diferencias de las cooperativas en el Impuesto sobre Sociedades en territorio de régimen común y en los Territorios Históricos del País Vasco. Algunas reflexiones y propuestas
No full textThe tax regime of cooperative societies is one of the mechanisms in the hands of the legislator to comply with the constitutional mandate provided in article 129.2 CE. This paper aims to provide a summary of the tax regime of Cooperatives in the Basque Country, in its three historical territories, in comparison with the regime applicable in the common regime territory. In particular, the Basque fiscal regulation of second- and subsequent-degree cooperatives, fiscal consolidation as a special regime to undertake cooperative integration processes and the existing problems in relation to the related-party operations regime will be analysed. It is also intended to carry out a reflection to propose alternatives that can make the use of cooperative societies outside of traditional sectors more attractive, from a tax point of view, adapting them to the new economy.
Received: 30 October 2023 Accepted: 10 June 2024El régimen fiscal de las sociedades cooperativas se erige en uno de los mecanismos en manos del legislador para cumplir con el mandato constitucional dispuesto en el artículo 129.2 CE. En el presente artículo se pretende realizar un resumen del régimen fiscal de las Cooperativas en el País Vasco, en sus tres territorios históricos, en comparación con el régimen aplicable en el territorio de régimen común. En particular, se analizará la regulación fiscal vasca de las cooperativas de segundo y ulterior grado, la consolidación fiscal como régimen especial para acometer procesos de integración cooperativa y la problemática existente en relación con el régimen de operaciones vinculadas. Se pretende también realizar una reflexión con el fin de plantear alternativas que puedan hacer más atractiva, desde el punto de vista tributario, la utilización de las sociedades cooperativas fuera de los sectores tradicionales, adaptándolas a la nueva economía.
Recibido: 30 octubre 2023 Aceptado: 10 junio 202
