OJS (University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica)
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The impact of noise on human health and the environment
No full textThis research paper deals with the problem of noise and analyses the relevant legal framework in the Republic of Croatia that regulates noise levels for the protection of health and the environment. Noise is recognized as a significant factor that can affect people's quality of life. Therefore, it is important to understand its impact and implement appropriate measures to address this challenge. The analysis of the legal framework shows that there are legal instruments, such as the Noise Abatement Act, which prescribe measures to prevent the negative effects of noise on human health and the environment.
The measurement of internal and external noise was carried out with the Sauter SU 130, version 2.0. 04/2020, DE, which provides information about the actual noise levels in the analysed facility, a healthcare facility in Zagreb. Internal noise is often caused by staff and patient conversations and equipment, while external noise can be caused by traffic or other external sources. These findings provide a basis for understanding the challenges faced by workers and patients.
The subjective experience of noise exposure is further analyzed in a survey of healthcare facility staff. The frequency of noise exposure, perceptions of the impact on concentration and productivity, and emotional reactions such as stress and sleep problems were analyzed to better understand the physical and psychological impact of noise on employees.
The research also analyses employee awareness of noise-related regulations and policies and suggests measures to improve the situation. Indoor noise measurements with closed windows showed a deviation of 13.33% from the prescribed average noise level in a total of 60 measurements, while the deviation with open windows was 73.33%. The overall mean value of the noise measurement with closed windows is 42.9 dB(A), with the lowest mean value being 33.0 dB(A) and the lowest peak value 39.6 dB(A), while the highest mean value is 56.7 dB(A) and the highest peak value 73.6 dB(A). The average noise measurement with the windows open is 52.4 dB(A) overall, with the lowest mean value at 44.3 dB(A) and the lowest peak value at 48.1 dB(A), while the highest mean value is 59.0 dB(A) and the highest peak value is 71.2 dB(A). It is obvious that the noise levels are not satisfactory, and this experiment and analysis confirm a significant difference in noise levels between open and closed windows.
The outdoor noise measurements showed a deviation of 38.33% from the average noise level with high peaks in a total of 60 measurements, which poses a potential risk to the health and quality of life of the exposed population. The lowest mean value is 57.2 dB(A), the lowest peak value is 64.7 dB(A), the highest mean value is 71.7 dB(A) and the highest peak value is 95.0 dB(A). High noise levels can also cause stress and disturbance to animals and disrupt their natural habitat and the balance of the ecosystem. In this part of the study, it was found that some of the noise levels do not meet the prescribed standard.
A survey with 14 questions and 46 respondents revealed that noise is perceived as a potential disturbance and threat to one's health and ability to work. Disappointing results were also obtained regarding knowledge of noise protection regulations and guidelines: 82.6 % of respondents had insufficient or no knowledge of noise legislation and recommendations. This part of the study confirmed the negative effects of noise on personal mood and functioning in the workplace as well as the insufficient knowledge of the legal framework.
In conclusion, the study emphasises the importance of a systematic approach to noise management to protect human health and recommends further steps to implement effective noise reduction measures
Marine litter in the Adriatic sea - Are we communicating the problem enough?
No full textINTRODUCTION
Marine litter is one of the fastest growing threats to the marine ecosystem with environmental and economic consequences. Litter is released in the sea exclusively due to human activities on land or at sea. The results of the research indicate that about 12 million tons of plastic litter enters the Mediterranean annually. Plastic pollution is still on the rise and could quadruple by 2050 without an action to prevent it at all levels. (Environmental Investigation Agency, n.d.)
Irrespective of a number of policy initiatives (action plans, programmes and projects) related to the reduction of marine litter at the global, EU and national levels, this problem is generally not clearly and intensively communicated to the general public. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of the situation related to marine pollution in the Republic of Croatia. It gives an overview of recent communication campaigns with a description of promotional and educational messages related to marine litter.
Based on the conducted analyses, there is a certain gap between the increasing marine litter and the insufficient communication of it to the general public. Therefore, the paper overlooks a set of measures for more active communication of this problem to the general public as one of the key measures for reducing marine litter in the future and as one of the most persistent elements of blue growth.
METHODOLOGY
The paper uses the desktop analysis method, which will provide extensive national and international literature review (studies, research, scientific, professional papers and books) related to the topic of marine litter. Using the method of the Internet and social networks search, information on communication campaigns related to marine litter issue will be collected in order to assess the level of public awareness. The comparative analysis of good practice exams related to communication about marine litter will be carried out. Based on the synthesis of the analysis of the situation and collected examples of good practices in communicating marine litter topics, a proposal will be prepared for decision-makers to communicate these topics more intuitively and to formulate communication messages more clearly.
THE RESULTS
Litter is released in the sea from various sources: by direct and indirect entry into the sea from the mainland, most often through rivers, drainage systems or wind, and by activities at sea. The main land sources of litter are coastal activities, i.e. unregulated landfills of urban areas on the coast of the sea or rivers, drainage systems, litter washed into storm drains and waterways and wind-blown landfill litter from the coast and tourist activities (Lebreton et al., 2018). The increase of the population on the coast and intensive economic activities, especially tourism, maritime transport and fisheries and aquaculture, have resulted in an increased input of litter into the coastal and marine environment of the Adriatic Sea (Santoro, et.al., 2018).
The problem of marine litter is increasingly visible and evident in the Republic of Croatia, and the knowledge of its problems largely corresponds to the situation in other parts of the Mediterranean (Bule et.al., 2020). Significant amounts of microplastics have been recorded in the Adriatic and its impact is not limited to the environment, but affects air, water, food, including salt. Plastic can contain certain concentrations of toxic components up to 1000 times higher than normal in the marine environment.
The key objectives for public policies related to the reduction of marine litter in Croatia are (1) to establish a marine litter management system, (2) to improve the waste management information system, (3) to continuously implement education and information activities and (4) to strengthen international cooperation on tackling marine litter.
Up until now several significant communication activities and tools have been implemented in Croatia to raise awareness of marine litter, such as the campaign For our Beautiful Country, WWF Campaign on Marine Litter, Green Clean-up and Blue Clean-up Campaigns. Comparative analysis of implemented campaigns in Croatia with global campaigns like Ocean Conservancy Campaign: Trash Free Seas, campaigns organised by Clean Seas and Sea Shepherd shows that there are a number of possibilities for more intensive promotion of marine litter in the Republic of Croatia. One of the key measures to strengthen the communication of this issue is the organization of information - educational campaigns for the interested public on the prevention of marine litter. (Thiel M. et. al., 2023).
Informative and educational campaigns should be carried out at the local level in the coastal area for the local population, local interest groups, economic subjects (hospitality accommodation services, tourism, transport, fisheries, etc.), associations, NGOs, schools, and for the local media. At the national level, communication includes the following target groups: the general public/citizens of the Republic of Croatia and tourists visiting Croatia, relevant institutions at the national level, relevant institutions at the EU and international level, educational and scientific institutions, employers, employers' associations, craft and other business interest groups, civil society organizations involved in environmental and nature conservation programs and projects, general media (national newspapers, websites, radio and television) and specialized media
Traffic noise analysis in the main roads of the city of Sarajevo
Get PDFThis research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of traffic noise levels along the main roads of the City of Sarajevo. Adopting a spatial, temporal, legal, and normative framework of the research, the study aims to establish the level and impact of traffic noise on the urban environment and the quality of life of residents.
The methodology employed for traffic noise measurement involves a systematic approach, utilizing sound level meters placed strategically along key roadways to capture representative data. These measurements are conducted at various times of the day (day/night), to account for fluctuations in traffic.
The analysis of the measured noise values reveals significant variations in noise levels across different type of roads and times of day. By comparing the observed noise levels with established legal and normative standards, the research assesses the extent of compliance with regulatory frameworks and identifies areas of concern where noise mitigation measures may be necessary.
Through the analysis, hotspots of excessive noise pollution are identified, pinpointing specific locations where intervention strategies could be implemented to reduce noise exposure for nearby residents.
In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of addressing traffic noise as a critical environmental and public health issue in urban areas like Sarajevo. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and urban planners to develop effective noise management strategies and enhance the overall quality of urban living
Enabling sustainable last mile delivery by using electric vehicles
No full textAbstract: Although it covers relatively short transport distances, last mile delivery (LMD)accounts for 53% of total shipping costs and it is also the least energy efficient part of transportin the supply chain. Advantages of electric vehicles over conventional vehicles with internalcombustion engines mainly refer to the environmental and mechanical aspects, while theirmain disadvantage, limited operational range, is not a problem in the LMD, as most of theelectric delivery vehicles have sufficient range for this purpose. It makes them a suitablealternative to the conventional delivery vehicles, which may direct the LMD towardssustainable transport. With reference to that, we conducted a case study of the company thatprovides parcel distribution service, to outline the practical implications of using electricvehicles in terms of the LMD sustainability.1. INTRODUCTIONThe last mile delivery (LMD) is performed in the final stage of the supply chain, via dedicateddistribution centers or cross dock terminals, mostly within the urban area, affecting lead timesand customer satisfaction in a direct way. Although it covers relatively short transportdistances, studies (Jacobsen, 2022) have shown this part of the supply chain accounted for 53%of total shipping costs and this percentage is expected to increase in the future. The LMD isalso the least energy efficient part of transport in the supply chain (Afshari, Parsaee, Sharifabadand Sorooshian, 2022).Advantages of electric vehicles over conventional vehicles with internal combustion enginemainly refer to the environmental and mechanical aspects, such as zero emission of harmfulgreenhouse gases, higher energy efficiency of the electric engine itself, and lower noise level.It is that due to their potential to lower greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels,electric vehicles are a growingly well-liked form of transport because an electric vehicle drawspower from rechargeable batteries which has been shown as their main disadvantage becauseit makes them inferior in terms of operative range. However, this is not a problem in the LMD,as most of the electric delivery vehicles have sufficient range for this purpose, which makesthem suitable alternative to the conventional delivery vehicles, which may direct the LMDtowards sustainable transport (Đurđ, 2018) and (Alanazi, 2023).Transportation activities involve side effects (externalities), such as noise pollution, pollution,and traffic congestion, which affect city development strategies. Given that the transport sectoris accounted for more than 25% of the world energy consumption, and that energy productionincreases air pollution, these externalities must be considered to ensure a sustainable growth oftransportation systems worldwide (De Armas, Faulin, Grasman, Juan and Mendez, 2016).2. METHODOLOGYThis paper outlines the benefits and disadvantages of using electric vehicles in LMD, bycomparative analysis of the relevant features of both conventional vehicles with internalcombustion engines and their electric counterparts.For this purpose, we conducted a case study of the company that provides parcel distributionservice in LMD, which operates 20 regional warehouses and one central warehouse in Croatia,more than 210 parcel machines and the fleet of 550 delivery vehicles. Within the case study,we observed the regional warehouse in Sesvete (Zagreb) which uses a fleet of 19 conventionalvehicles and nine electric vehicles for its daily operations. On average, electric vehicles make60 km daily, while conventional vehicles make 110 km daily.The comparative analysis covered financial indicators (purchase price with and withoutgovernment incentives, leasing costs, fuel/power costs, maintenance costs, infrastructurecosts), as well as performance and ecological indicators (fuel/power consumption, autonomy,operative availability, noise, and CO2 emissions). The option of self-produced electric energywas considered, as the Company uses solar panels to power their charging stations.3. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSThe procurement costs of electric vehicles are initially higher than the costs of conventionalvehicles with internal combustion engines, although the difference decreases in case thegovernment incentives are granted.The infrastructure costs for electric vehicle fleet vary depending on location, type of charger,and required capacity, which also affect operative availability.Power consumption of electric vehicles varies from around 24,3 kWh/100 km to around 32,1kWh/100 km depending on speed, weather conditions, driving style of driving and routecharacteristics.The direct costs of charging electric vehicles are significantly lower than the costs of dieselvehicles, even if 100% power comes from public network. The average weekly cost of chargingelectric version of Renault Kangoo (dominant vehicle of that category in the Company fleet)is 5,12 € while refueling diesel version costs 174,00 € per week, on average. This difference iseven greater when utilizing power produced by solar panels, so it should be sufficient tocompensate the costs of infrastructure (charging stations and solar panels) over the designatedinvestment period.In general, the maintenance costs of electric vehicles are lower compared to conventionalvehicles, since electric vehicles have fewer moving components, they face less temperaturestress and do not need consumables such as oil and filters. Also, due to the possibility torecuperate energy whilst braking, the braking pads last longer (Lebeau, Lebeau, Macharis, VanMierlo, 2013).As for the operative autonomy (range), electric vehicles are suitable for LMD because thedeliveries are performed over short distances (no more than 100 km daily in total), which is nota problem in terms of the battery capacity.From an ecological standpoint, the full lifetime difference in overall carbon footprint of anelectric delivery vehicle is almost 34% lower than its diesel counterpart (Rantamäki, 2022).Also, there is a significant reduction in noise pollution, during idle time the difference isapproximately 15 dB, at speed between 15 km/h and 50 km/h the difference is between 5 dBand 6 dB, while at higher speed there is no significant difference (Jabben, Potma, Verheijen,2012).Using electric delivery vehicles as an alternative to the conventional vehicles in the LMD goesin line with the principles of sustainable transport. Although substantial investments in thevehicle fleet and infrastructure are required initially, it pays of within the designated investmentperiod of no more than five years (or shorter if the government incentives are granted) andraises profitability of transport operations on the long ter
Application of the NIS 2 directive and the Cybersecurity Act in essential and important entities
No full textIntroduction
The NIS 2 Directive and the Cybersecurity Act are key components of the EU's regulatory framework designed to strengthen the cybersecurity of essential and important entities. The Directive on measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems (NIS 2) is an upgrade of the previous directive (NIS), aimed at enhancing the EU's cyber resilience. NIS 2 covers a broader range of sectors, including digital services, energy, transport, healthcare, and financial services, and adds new sectors such as postal and courier services, waste management, and chemical production.
This paper will focus on describing the directive and law, their application, and the obligations and challenges that entities face. Additionally, it aims to provide an effective methodology that can assist essential and important entities in implementing this directive and law. This will create the prerequisites for more successful implementation of cybersecurity measures in these entities, thereby raising the level of cybersecurity at the EU level.
NIS 2 distinguishes between essential and important entities. Essential entities are those whose interruption or disruption of service could have a significant impact on public welfare, health, safety, or economic stability. Important entities, although having a lesser impact, are still vital for societal and economic activities.
Methodology
NIS 2 requires entities to take specific technical and organizational measures to manage cyber risks, regularly assess and improve their security policies, and report incidents to competent authorities. To successfully implement this, the paper will present a possible methodology for compliance with the directive and law, by defining methods and techniques for:
Initial assessment and analysis: Analyzing existing security measures, policies, and procedures in relation to the requirements of NIS 2.
Asset inventory and risk assessment: Entities must regularly conduct risk assessments and vulnerability testing.
Development of security policy: It is necessary to establish and implement security policies and procedures.
Incident reporting: Entities are obliged to report significant incidents to the competent national authorities.
Incident management: It is necessary to establish and maintain the ability to manage incidents.
Awareness and training: Organizations must ensure awareness and training for employees about cybersecurity.
Continuous monitoring and improvement: Applying the principles of continuous improvement (e.g., PDCA cycle) to regularly update and upgrade security measures and policies. The paper will also consider possible challenges in applying the methodology and implementing the measures proposed by the directive and law. Some of the challenges are:
Technical complexity: The use of advanced technologies and complex information systems can make the implementation of appropriate security measures difficult.
Continuous compliance: The dynamic nature of cyber threats requires constant updates and adjustments to security practices.
Resources: Ensuring sufficient financial and human resources to establish and maintain high security standards can be challenging, especially for smaller organizations.
International cooperation: As cyber incidents often cross borders, international cooperation and information exchange are key to effective risk management.
Results
The expected result is a defined methodology for implementing the obligations defined by the NIS 2 Directive and the Cybersecurity Act in essential and important entities. Also, as a result, clearly identified methods and techniques can be expected at each stage of implementing the directive and law, from initial assessment to continuous monitoring. Although the implementation of these measures presents certain challenges, it is crucial for protecting critical infrastructure and ensuring society's resilience to cyber threats. Successful implementation requires the engagement of all stakeholders, continuous investment in security capacities, and international cooperation
The role of the institution of the City of Zagreb Dobri dom in establishing quality control of donated food
No full textIntroduction: The establishment of systematic control of donated food is of paramount importance to ensure the safety, quality, and sustainability of the food donation process. The Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Croatia emphasizes the importance of controlling the entire system of donated food to ensure food safety throughout the donation process. Objective: To conduct a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the quantity of donated food to the Institution of the City of Zagreb Dobri dom from 2019 to 2023 and to present the results of the conducted quality control of donated food, with an emphasis on demonstrating the importance of systematic monitoring of the quality and quantity of donated food in Croatia, especially those donated to the most vulnerable social groups.
Results: Food safety is crucial for human health, and proper control of donated food ensures that the donated food can be used without fear of health complications. The analysis of the quality of donated food confirmed that controlling donated food is crucial for several important reasons. During the period from 2019 to 2023, the institution received a total of 204,059.28 kilograms and 44,636 liters of donated food, the quality control of which was of paramount importance for several reasons. First, it ensures that the donated food is not contaminated or spoiled, thereby preventing potential cases of food poisoning and protecting the health of recipients of donated food. Quality control ensures that donated food is safe for consumption, protecting the health of recipients and preventing potential health crises. Second, controlling donated food helps reduce food waste by ensuring that donated food is used appropriately rather than ending up as waste. Third, the establishment of systematic control of donated food contributes to the sustainability of the food donation process by promoting transparency, accountability, and reliability throughout the food donation chain. Finally, the sustainability of the food donation process promotes social responsibility, solidarity, and cooperation among various stakeholders in the food donation chain, resulting in positive social and economic outcomes. Quality control builds trust in the food donation system. Recipients, donors, and other stakeholders have greater confidence in the donation process when they know that food is carefully monitored and its quality ensured. This encourages greater cooperation and support within the food donation system. Conclusion: Donated food is often intended for those who are economically or socially disadvantaged. Therefore, it is important to ensure that this food is of high quality and nutritious, providing support to those in need. Quality control ensures that recipients receive adequate nutrition needed for a healthy and balanced life
Crisis communication in the civil protection system in emergency situations
Get PDFAbstract: It is common knowledge that marketing techniques and principles work well in organizations operating in an open market where competition is high. However, in the public sector, where there is no competition, the principles and techniques of marketing are either not applied at all or are applied to a much smaller extent compared to organizations operating in a competitive market. As digital technologies are increasingly applied, new business opportunities are offered, new information media are offered, information is becoming more and more available, and the demands of citizens for improvements in public sector services are also increasing.
In the past years in the territory of the Republic of Croatia, we had significant emergency situations such as floods, earthquakes, fires, infectious diseases. In these and similar situations, a large proportion of calls to the number 112 are of the same or similar nature, when citizens are mostly looking for some information related to a specific event or phenomenon.
112 centers occupy a central place in the civil protection system, which is evident in emergency situations when numerous information from the field pour into the unique European number for emergency services 112 in real time. In crisis situations, quick and accurate information or instructions to citizens come to the fore in the civil protection system, which is delivered to a large number of interested citizens in the form of a press release for the population via electronic media. At the same time, the announcement for the population relieves the 112 centers of a large number of the same or similar calls from citizens.The paper aims to show the possibilities for faster, more successful and more efficient public sector communication in crisis situations if marketing techniques and principles that are proven to work in the real sector are applied.
1. INTRODUCTION Technical-technological and human capacities for receiving calls to the number 112 are limited, and in order to reduce the number of calls to the number 112 in crisis situations, it is necessary to inform the public as efficiently as possible and give instructions on how to act in emergency situations. In order to inform as many citizens as possible about the purpose of the existence of a single European number for emergency services 112, and in emergency situations in as short a time as possible to inform as many citizens as possible about the extraordinary event that has occurred, the efficiency and effectiveness of marketing communication of the public sector is being researched.The quality of life of millions of people in modern countries depends on the knowledge, skills, efficiency, effectiveness, loyalty and morals on the basis of which the public sector performs its duties and achieves the goals entrusted to it in the realization of public interests and the promotion of the common good. The public sector is a common name for the sector of the general government and public enterprises owned by the state. The public sector includes all institutions owned by the state that produce public goods and services. The basic task of the public sector is to ensure that the needs and interests of citizens are met.When we talk about the public sector, we have to say that marketing is one of the most neglected and least researched areas by public sector officials. Marketing in the public sector is the best tool for planning in a public organization that wants to meet the needs of citizens and deliver real value.In the public sector, already proven marketing principles and techniques should be applied in order to achieve goals that contribute to the common good. One of the ways to improve the work of public services is the active implementation of various mechanisms and techniques that the private sector has tried, used and proven to be successful. Traditional marketing terms work well in the public sector as well; they just need to be applied. 1.1. Research subject The paper investigates and analyzes the marketing activity of the civil protection system, especially communication on websites and social networks, as well as other electronic media through which announcements are made to the population in crisis situations. 1.2. Research hypotheses H1 – The civil protection system does not fully use all the potential and benefits of electronic media, especially the Internet and social networks for communicating with the public, and the communication in question can be more effective if marketing principles that have been proven to work well in the real sector are properly applied.H2 – The potential for greater efficiency in the communication of the civil protection system with the interested public and better connection with users of social networks exists in the hitherto unused possibilities of each regional office of civil protection in the counties having its own accounts - pages on social networks.H3 – When providing information to the population, the civil protection system, in addition to Croatian Radio and Croatian Television, must necessarily use other electronic media that have concessions at the state level. 1.3. Purpose and objectives of the research The purpose and objectives of the research of this work are to investigate and formulate the results of the research in connection with the marketing communication of the civil protection system. The special goal of the research is to get answers to the following questions:Can the effectiveness of the marketing communication of the civil protection system be increased?Does the civil protection system use all the potential offered by information and communication technologies, especially social networks, for communication with the public at the local levels where regional civil protection offices operate?Does the civil protection system use all the potential of available electronic media to communicate to the population? 1.4. Research methods Primary and secondary sources were used to create this final paper. Available literature in the form of books and other publications and internet sources related to marketing, marketing communication, social networks, crisis and crisis situations were used as secondary sources. The results of our own research were used as primary sources.When researching, formulating and presenting research results, the following scientific methods were used in combinations: the method of analysis and synthesis, the method of induction and deduction, the historical method, the method of classification, the method of description and the method of compilation, and the method of surveying.Two surveys were conducted, one survey was conducted among the population aged 20 to 65 (working population), while the second survey was conducted among school children from preschool age to high school graduates and among retirees.The results of the primary research are compared with the results from secondary sources as well as with the theoretical part of the research, and a conclusion is drawn based on this
Spatial analysis and identification of suitable landing zones for aerial evacuation from the congested urban areas
No full textIntroduction:
According to the latest estimates to 2023, about half of the Bosnia and Herzegovina population lives in concentrated urban areas (CEIC, 2023). Considering congested or inadequate road communications in the urban areas, unfavorable steep relief and other potential obstacles, the issue of urgent evacuation becomes problematic, especially in the case of a widespread emergency. Using the municipal areas of Sarajevo and Banja Luka as the sites with a high level of risk for natural disasters and/or incidents caused by the human factor, we have attempted to identify the potential zones from which it would be possible to organize and carry out the aerial evacuation of the affected population on a larger scale than previously analyzed (Smailbegovic & Mahmutovic, 2024).
Methodology:
Considering the potential causes and epicenters of disasters (earthquake, flood, industrial incidents, terrorism), population density, road infrastructure, geomorphological and other terrain and land cover elements, we made a selection of potential aerial evacuation points from the congested urban areas (Erskine et al. 2022). The analysis consisted of two elements: 1. a semi-quantitative automated, integrative spatial-matching model that analyzes the available geospatial data (e.g. population, proximity to the epicenter, terrain coverage) and assigns an overall suitability score for the particular landing site (Walter and Fritsch, 1999; Mertova, 2021) and 2. qualitative-expert evaluation of selected landing sites by the pilots qualified and trained for evacuation from such complex areas (Scherer at al. 2010). The intent was to filter the various levels of geospatial data using the automated method and qualify or disqualify the potential sites by its overall matching score (i.e. open space, obstructions, accessibility, spatial correlation). The qualified areas were evaluated by the expert pilot and assessed upon experience and suitability of sustaining the evacuation operations with the available equipment.
Results:
The results of the bi-level analysis suggest that the urban areas of Sarajevo and Banja Luka each have at least three ideal and five acceptable locations which could sustain large-scale emergency evacuation of affected residents. The ideal areas have exhibited the automated matched score of at least 90 percent and unanimous approval from the three expert aviators. The acceptable landing zones have scored at least 75 percent match and two thirds approval from the expert aviators. The choice of locations and their viability depends on the type of potential disaster, but according to the available data, it is realistic to expect that the selected locations would withstand and remain partially usable in the majority of possible emergencies.
Concluding remarks:
Given congestion of urban areas and lack of overall planning towards evacuation in an emergency, it is encouraging that suitable aerial evacuation sites exist in the major municipal areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina even though they were not planned for that exact purpose. The combined automated and expert-validated method shows potential in determining other suitable landing zones for aerial evacuation in the complex terrain
Institutional solutions of administrative decision-making "De lege ferenda" with European standards
Get PDFIn order to conduct a comprehensive examination, this paper requires the establishment of the following basic hypotheses: (1) factual change of the law on the administrative procedure is an inevitable phenomenon, even in a system with a constitution as it is in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which for a long time indubitably requires thorough changes; (2) factual legal change is more common in constitutional systems that in practice are characterized by exceptional strength, which is particularly the case in countries with a complex state structure, divided society and a fragmented political scene, such as in Bosnia and Herzegovina; (3) Bosnia and Herzegovina, despite its constitutional rigidity, has undergone numerous factual constitutional changes that have had different manifestations and that, therefore, require new provisions to the law on administrative space in order to bring it into line with the European administrative space and provisions based on European standards of the so-called "good governance". Based on this set of hypotheses, research questions arise: (1) identification of different forms of factual legal change in the theory and practice of administrative law; (2) precise determination of the manner in which the law on the administrative procedure would undergo factual changes; (3) harmonization of factual legal changes in comparative administrative law, specifically the law of the European Union and its member states; (4) how the legal-theoretical conceptualization of this issue was carried out in the theory of administrative systems of other countries.
In order to reach relevant insights, it is necessary to ponder in detail the theoretical considerations of the phenomenon of factual changes in the law on administrative procedure. Given this issue has largely been neglected in domestic literature for numerous reasons, which are mostly denoted in the numerous published works, round tables, and conferences, this issue will require an insight into the literature outside the administrative area of Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially from countries where the phenomenon was already present and where the theory and practice of administrative law had to face it more directly. Following the classification of these manifestations, it will be necessary to approach their individual detailed analysis, both in order to better understand the phenomenon at hand in general and in order to more precisely apply general understandings and knowledge to a specific example of Bosnian administrative procedural law
Transition of the quality management system to the aviation safety management system in organizations dealing with base aircraft maintenance
Get PDFThe paper deals with the transition from the quality management system to the aviation safety management system in organizations dealing with aircraft maintenance. For all activities and changes in an organization, the risk of endangering flight safety is assessed and preventive activities are determined according to the risk category.
The transition to the aviation safety system is based on the requirements stated within ICAO Annex 19 document - Safety Management System. EU regulatory norms (including the EASA norm that describes organizations for basic technical maintenance of aircraft - Part 145 norm) require organizations to comply with new regulatory requirements by the beginning of December 2024.
The transition includes comprehensive organizational, documentation and procedural changes in organizations and is essentially deregulatory in nature, increasing the responsibility of management structures in organizations for the outcomes of technological activities affecting flight safety (safe use of aircraft)