OJS (University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica)
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Civil protection measures in adverse weather conditions
No full textThe organized operation of the civil protection system occupies an increasingly important place in timely response and strengthening of preparedness for the risks that surround us. Acknowledging the fact of increasingly frequent weather extremes caused by climate change, it is necessary to analyze the possibilities of response of the local self-government unit to extraordinary events caused by unfavorable hydrometeorological conditions. This professional work is based on the activities carried out and information on the procedures in the actual event collected from the head of the civil protection staff as well as the valid planning documents of the local self-government unit in the field of protection and rescue. The analysis of events will show two situations of a simultaneous extraordinary event during 2023, in the area of two neighboring local self-government units, and their reaction through the organized action of the civil protection system. The observed units of local self-government are the City of Obrovac and the Municipality of Gračac, and apart from being territorially located in the northeastern part of Zadar County, they also share similar hydrometeorological phenomena as well as traffic characteristics of connections with other road routes that are essential for the mutual connection of the northern and southern parts of the Republic of Croatia. The description of the event is related to the occurrence of snowfall accompanied by stormy winds, which temporarily prevented further traffic for all vehicles on the A1 highway in both directions. Unfortunately, such an occurrence is not rare, and traffic in such cases is diverted to the roads that pass throughthese two local self-government units, which is the usual procedure in such situations. An extraordinary event for these two local self-government units occurs when weather conditions prevent the further movement of vehicles in the area, and it is necessary to organize a shelter in a short time and take care of a large number of stranded passengers. The implementation of civil protection measures in unfavorable hydrometeorological conditions is preceded by numerous activities of the coordinated action of the civil protection system in such situations, and they include the activation of the civil protection headquarters, the engagement of basic and reserve operational forces, volunteers, legal entities of importance for the civil protection system as well as the local residents. In addition to manpower, it is also necessary to organize infrastructure, i.e. heated space, hot drinks, food, medicine, etc. In order to use the lessons learned in the extraordinary events that are the subject of this work, the final result will be a proposal to improve preventive activities by determining the time limit for the execution of certain activities by legal entities responsible for cleaning and maintaining roads at the local level, with expanded cooperation with all stakeholders involved in ensuring the safety of citizens, travelers and tourists. 
Climate change and its impact on culture
No full textCulture, politics, and climate change are deeply connected topics that intertwine in different ways, influencing the causes and responses to climate change and shaping the causes and responses to this global challenge. Understanding these interconnections is critical to developing effective strategies to address climate change while respecting diverse cultural perspectives and political realities. Understanding the dynamics between politics and culture is critical to developing effective strategies to address the interconnected challenges of climate and cultural change.
Studying this topic requires developing a conceptual framework that outlines different dimensions of culture and their potential impacts on climate change perceptions, attitudes, behaviors, and policy responses, to explore specific cultural contexts and climate change issues, identifying patterns, themes, and narratives associated with culture and climate change and the interpretation of findings on the conceptual framework, theoretical perspectives and research goals
The complex interaction of media and health profession: Key aspects in crisis situations
No full textThis paper is researching the complex interaction between the media and the public health care providers, with special attention focused on their dynamic relationship in crisis situations. It is important to analyse the required information that the media is demanding in those situations, which are: the details about the beginning of the crisis, aspects of the problem solving process, material losses, causes of the crisis and the answers to the crisis. Special importance is given to the role of media because of their ability to spread relevant healthcare information, encouragement of the rights of the patients, and new accomplishments in the field of medicine. This paper is also reasearching the key element of cooperation between health care professionals and journalists in securing of the adequate informing of the public, which is, in example, the practice of Motovun summer school of advancing the healthcare profession. Also, this paper is analysing the key functions of the hospital command group and the strategies of communication during crisis situations, with special care focused on the importance of coordinated activity and pre-planned actions.
Successful communication between media and healthcare experts is the key to effective crisis management and promoting healthcare in society. It is important for this communication to be based on respecting ethical standards and making sure that only the verified informations about the crisis situation is spread via the media, so that the integrity and accuracy of the information transmitted to the public is always present
Developing physical coastal vulnerability index for eastern coast of Istrian peninsula
No full textCoastal zones are dynamic and complex, usually densely populated areas with socio-economic significance for the region and country (Šimac et al., 2023). Recognising the exposure and vulnerability of coastal areas is essential to sustainable development. The Coastal Vulnerability Index is the most frequently utilised method for assessing coastal vulnerability to sea level rise. (Koroglu et al., 2019). Coastal height, coastal slope, coastal type, geology, tide range, wave height, and sea level change are most commonly used in coastal vulnerability(Gornitz, 1991; Hammar-Klose and Thieler, 1999). Investigations of algal rims on the southern and eastern coast of Istria (Faivre et al., 2019) and analyses of relative sea level changes based on tide measurements (Tsimplis et al., 2012) indicate a recentincrease in sea level average values of about 1 mm/year. This paper aims to test different calculation methods to assess coastal vulnerability and to calculate the pilot area’s physical vulnerability to the sea level rise based on four factors: coastal height, slope,coastal type and coastal aspect concerning prevailing winds. The pilot area, with its length of 34,409 meters, stretches from Cape Baćeva near Brestova in the north to Sveta Marina Bay in the south, on the Istrian eastern coast. The analysed area was divided into different numbers of cells of different dimensions (5x5 m, 10x10 m, 25x25m, 50x50m, 100x100m, 250x250m, 500x500m and 1000x1000m) using the Create grid tool within the QGIS software. Testing results show that the 5x5 m cell size is themost suitable dimension for calculating the physical vulnerability of the coast. Therefore, the coast was divided into 6004 cells. Coastal height, slope, type, and aspect were used to determine vulnerability classes for each cell. A digital relief model (DMR) with a resolution of 5 meters and the tools Zonal statistics, GDAL Slope and GDAL Aspect, which use the Horn calculation method, were usedfor morphometric analysis. The mean value of the average height of the cells is 1,28 m. Slopes with less than 5° make up 8% of total cells. To determine the type of coast, digital orthophoto maps (DOF5) of the State Geodetic Administration, satellite images and photos from Google Maps, topographic maps 1:25000, Openstreet map and field research were utilised. Four thousand three hundred fiftysix cells (72,5%) are classified as a low-lying rocky coast. The coastal zone in 563 cells (9,4%) is exposed to the most frequent and strongest winds, northeasterly winds. The obtained qualitative and quantitative coastal vulnerability factor values were divided into five bins. Semi-empirical projection of the sea level change of the Adriatic Sea by the end of the XXI. century in the B1 climate scenarioconditions, which predicts an increase of 62 ± 14 cm (Orlić and Pasarić, 2013), was used to define the height classes. The classes and ranges of the International Geomorphological Union were used to define slope classes (Lozić, 1996). The distinction between high and low rocky shores was made using the slope of the shore (Davidson-Arnott, 2010; Faivre, 2023). Data from the Climate Atlas of Croatia(Zaninović, 2008), specifically the Annual Wind Rose for Rijeka station, was used to define coastal aspect classes. Values for coastal height, slope and aspect are quantitative, while coastal type values are qualitative. Coastal height and slope have the bin with the lowest class vulnerability as open intervals, while the remaining four bins have closed intervals. In addition, coastal height bins withclosed intervals are the same size. The coastal aspect has five closed interval bins of the same size. Several measures of central tendency were used to calculate physical coastal vulnerability: 1) arithmetic mean, 2) geometric mean, 3) arithmetic mean square root of the self-weighted factor classes values, 4) arithmetic mean of weighted factor classes values, with weight being average classvalues for each factor, 5) square root of product mean factor classes value, 6) square root of selfweighted factor classes value product divided by number of factors and 7) self-weighted factor classes values sum divided by number of factors.The testing showed the arithmetic mean square root of the self-weighted factor classes values as the most appropriate way of calculating the physical vulnerability of the pilot area. Very high and high vulnerability exhibits 803 (13,83%) 5x5m cells
Wi-Fi Advancements and the Potential Use of Wi-Fi 7 in Crisis Situations
No full textThis paper explores the IEEE 802.11be standard, also known as Wi-Fi 7 Extremely High Throughput (EHT), the latest iteration of Wi-Fi technology. Comparing it to its predecessors to highlight the significant technical and performance differences, with a focus on the capabilities and advantages compared to 802.11ax, upon which it is built. The analysis includes improvements in transfer speeds, energy efficiency and network capacity particularly through the enhanced use of Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO), which allows simultaneous communication with multiple devices, increasing overall network efficiency and performance. Additionally, it discusses the Multi-Link Operation (MLO) technology, which enhances connectivity by allowing devices to maintain multiple simultaneous connections across different channels and bands. It also introduces the Multi Resource Units (MRU) technology which represents an advanced technology that enables more efficient use of radio resources in wireless networks. Furthermore, it examines the potential application of Wi-Fi technology in crisis situations, such as natural disasters, emphasizing its role in ensuring reliable communication and connectivity. Through an in-depth analysis of technical specifications this paper provides insight into the possibilities and challenges in implementing Wi-Fi 7 technology, considering its security aspects and its ability to address challenges in crisis scenarios
Innovative and sustainable approaches to seasonal visitor attraction development – case study: Posavina corn maze ‘Hrvatica’
No full textPosavina corn maze ‘Hrvatica’ was developed in Lijevi Dubrovčak in the rural area of Ivanić-Grad in 2022 and 2023 to valorize and promote local heritage in an innovative manner. The project was initiated by the local Tourist board and developed in cooperation with the Friends of Heritage association and the local folklore society KUD Posavec.
Lijevi Dubrovčak developed rich traditions and customs which can also be seen in folk costumes, one of which has been recognized nationally - Hrvatica. By using the costume embroidery as a conceptual design inspiration and sealing it into the landscape significant for the local area, the project emphasized and represented the local community, heritage, environment and character of the space. Additional value was given by interlacing the maze with informative panels and an interactive ethnological game, which was installed in the maze for self-guided tours. The goal was to encourage visitors to get to know the cultural and historical heritage of the settlement.
Participation was free and available to everyone by scanning QR codes. Development of two versions (for children and for adults) contributed to the inclusiveness. The use of digital tools helped to attract youth, and to analyse visits to the maze. For example, a higher attendance was observed during Ivanić-Grad events and afternoon hours.
A new, seasonal event "Posavina Days" was also organised, during which the locals showcased their local crafts, cuisine and folklore dance. Additionally, visitors could experience traveling to the maze with a carriage that was carried by specific Posavina horses, with the aim to emphasize another heritage element - horse breed developed in this area for centuries.
The attraction lasted from summer to autumn and it changed as the season changed in terms of colour and growth. This is an excellent learning platform for children and youth to experience changes in nature. Project emphasized the importance of smaller local areas and dispersion of tourist attraction in the broader areas, away from already known urban places. It helped to inspire and remind the local community of the natural and cultural values they have and which they can use as a tool to develop the area in innovative ways. The maze also promoted physical and cognitive well-being, spending time in the open air and in the natural surroundings, moving and using your skills to participate in educational and playful activities.
We believe that such a project is a great example of sustainable tourism and heritage interpretation which involves local community and regains a sense of belonging. Posavina corn maze was highly recognized by a broad range of national media which helped to promote the cultural and natural heritage of a small rural settlement of Dubrovčak Lijevi to a wide national public
Crisis communication in the civil protection system in emergency situations
No full textAbstract: It is common knowledge that marketing techniques and principles work well in organizations operating in an open market where competition is high. However, in the public sector, where there is no competition, the principles and techniques of marketing are either not applied at all or are applied to a much smaller extent compared to organizations operating in a competitive market. As digital technologies are increasingly applied, new business opportunities are offered, new information media are offered, information is becoming more and more available, and the demands of citizens for improvements in public sector services are also increasing.
In the past years in the territory of the Republic of Croatia, we had significant emergency situations such as floods, earthquakes, fires, infectious diseases. In these and similar situations, a large proportion of calls to the number 112 are of the same or similar nature, when citizens are mostly looking for some information related to a specific event or phenomenon.
112 centers occupy a central place in the civil protection system, which is evident in emergency situations when numerous information from the field pour into the unique European number for emergency services 112 in real time. In crisis situations, quick and accurate information or instructions to citizens come to the fore in the civil protection system, which is delivered to a large number of interested citizens in the form of a press release for the population via electronic media. At the same time, the announcement for the population relieves the 112 centers of a large number of the same or similar calls from citizens.The paper aims to show the possibilities for faster, more successful and more efficient public sector communication in crisis situations if marketing techniques and principles that are proven to work in the real sector are applied.
1. INTRODUCTION Technical-technological and human capacities for receiving calls to the number 112 are limited, and in order to reduce the number of calls to the number 112 in crisis situations, it is necessary to inform the public as efficiently as possible and give instructions on how to act in emergency situations. In order to inform as many citizens as possible about the purpose of the existence of a single European number for emergency services 112, and in emergency situations in as short a time as possible to inform as many citizens as possible about the extraordinary event that has occurred, the efficiency and effectiveness of marketing communication of the public sector is being researched.The quality of life of millions of people in modern countries depends on the knowledge, skills, efficiency, effectiveness, loyalty and morals on the basis of which the public sector performs its duties and achieves the goals entrusted to it in the realization of public interests and the promotion of the common good. The public sector is a common name for the sector of the general government and public enterprises owned by the state. The public sector includes all institutions owned by the state that produce public goods and services. The basic task of the public sector is to ensure that the needs and interests of citizens are met.When we talk about the public sector, we have to say that marketing is one of the most neglected and least researched areas by public sector officials. Marketing in the public sector is the best tool for planning in a public organization that wants to meet the needs of citizens and deliver real value.In the public sector, already proven marketing principles and techniques should be applied in order to achieve goals that contribute to the common good. One of the ways to improve the work of public services is the active implementation of various mechanisms and techniques that the private sector has tried, used and proven to be successful. Traditional marketing terms work well in the public sector as well; they just need to be applied. 1.1. Research subject The paper investigates and analyzes the marketing activity of the civil protection system, especially communication on websites and social networks, as well as other electronic media through which announcements are made to the population in crisis situations. 1.2. Research hypotheses H1 – The civil protection system does not fully use all the potential and benefits of electronic media, especially the Internet and social networks for communicating with the public, and the communication in question can be more effective if marketing principles that have been proven to work well in the real sector are properly applied.H2 – The potential for greater efficiency in the communication of the civil protection system with the interested public and better connection with users of social networks exists in the hitherto unused possibilities of each regional office of civil protection in the counties having its own accounts - pages on social networks.H3 – When providing information to the population, the civil protection system, in addition to Croatian Radio and Croatian Television, must necessarily use other electronic media that have concessions at the state level. 1.3. Purpose and objectives of the research The purpose and objectives of the research of this work are to investigate and formulate the results of the research in connection with the marketing communication of the civil protection system. The special goal of the research is to get answers to the following questions:Can the effectiveness of the marketing communication of the civil protection system be increased?Does the civil protection system use all the potential offered by information and communication technologies, especially social networks, for communication with the public at the local levels where regional civil protection offices operate?Does the civil protection system use all the potential of available electronic media to communicate to the population? 1.4. Research methods Primary and secondary sources were used to create this final paper. Available literature in the form of books and other publications and internet sources related to marketing, marketing communication, social networks, crisis and crisis situations were used as secondary sources. The results of our own research were used as primary sources.When researching, formulating and presenting research results, the following scientific methods were used in combinations: the method of analysis and synthesis, the method of induction and deduction, the historical method, the method of classification, the method of description and the method of compilation, and the method of surveying.Two surveys were conducted, one survey was conducted among the population aged 20 to 65 (working population), while the second survey was conducted among school children from preschool age to high school graduates and among retirees.The results of the primary research are compared with the results from secondary sources as well as with the theoretical part of the research, and a conclusion is drawn based on this
Generative AI applications for risk and crisis management: The good, the bad, and the ugly
No full textGenerative Pre-Trained Transformers (GPT) have a potential to drastically improve our ability to extract actionable knowledge out of unstructured and semi structured data, by automatizing the processing of unstructured and semi structured data in a generic way. Potential for use of generative AI in risk and crisis management is enormous, and ranges from extraction of specific knowledge from large document sets over real time processing of texts, pictures and even video materials, to semi-automated timely responses to misinformation. Unfortunately, this high potential also comes with high risks, as generative AI systems often produce incomplete and misleading information, especially on topics they haven’t been explicitly trained on and on the topics where the training data is already tainted by misinformation. In this paper, we present several application classes where generative AI could help improve environmental risk management and climate change action, (2) discuss the common sources of errors, legal and ethical challenges in such applications, and (3) propose a “safe” pathway towards gradual introduction of generative AI in applications with high societal impact
Understanding human error in aviation
Get PDFError is an integral part of human performance, resulting from physiological and psychological limitations inherent in humans. It has been a contributing factor to the majority of incidents and accidents in any field of human activity. Approximately 80% of aviation events are caused by a decrease in human performance. As aviation safety depends on minimising error in all constituents of this compound system, it is primarily important to classify errors in order to better understand their nature and causes, and investigate them. A holistic approach to error also needs to be taken for its investigation and analysis, since humans do not act in isolation. Human performance is a complex process, influenced by work environment, technology, various cultural aspects and other participants in it. A mismatch in interaction of humans and other components in this process leads to error, and therefore it must be scrutinised in all facets of the aviation system.While errors resulting in incidents, accidents and loss of life are mostly made by pilots or air traffic controllers and draw more attention, those made by maintenance staff also need to be taken seriously, since they can result in fatalities and damage to aircraft as well, and entail significant consequences to air traffic.Methods of researching human error in the aviation context will range from studying event databases, self-reports and accident reports to case studies. Typical examples of human error that contributed to various safety occurrences will be analysed, with its causes, lessons learnt and remedies stated.The aim of comprehending why people make errors is to elaborate safety recommendations and technological solutions that will decrease the likelihood of aviation events, and mitigate the consequences. Errors can be managed and reduced primarily by creating an error-tolerant environment rather than punitive environment, improving error training, and using a number of technological models, aids and methods, including the threat and error management concept. Human error cannot be eliminated, but by understanding its origin and cause, as well as learning from these experiences, the occurrence of incidents and accidents can be reduced, and the effects minimised
Hydrogen combustion in internal combustion engines
Get PDFReducing carbon dioxide emissions, as well as other harmful gases generated by the combustion of fossil fuels, is one of today's main priorities. Hydrogen economy is one step in that direction. The basic idea is to replace fossil fuels with hydrogen obtained through environmentally friendly methods. When it comes to motor vehicles, there are two main ways of using hydrogen for propulsion: in fuel cells or by combustion in internal combustion engines. Due to the relatively high cost of fuel cells, some vehicle manufacturers have begun developing hydrogen-powered internal combustion engines. Current research focusing on hydrogen-burning engines shows promising results, although there are still a number of issues that need to be addressed before such engines are ready for the market