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30th International Septoria Observation Nursery
No full textThe International Septoria Observation Nursery (earlier Septoria Monitoring Nursery – SMN) is a single replicate nursery that contains diverse spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) germplasm adapted to ME2 (High rainfall environment) and ME4 (Low rainfall, semi-arid environment) with total 50-100 entries and white/red grain color
A Decade of Climate-Smart Agriculture in Major Agri-Food Systems: Earthworm Abundance and Soil Physico-Biochemical Properties
No full textAbstract: Earthworms (EWs) could be a viable indicator of soil biology and agri-food system management.
The influence of climate-smart agriculture (CSA)-based sustainable intensification practices
(zero tillage, crop rotations, crop residue retention, and precision water and nutrients application)
on earthworms’ (EWs) populations and soil physico-biochemical properties of rice-wheat cropping
system in the Indo-Gangetic plains of South Asia was investigated. This study investigates the effect
of 10-years adoption of various CSA practices on the abundance of earthworms and physical and
biochemical properties of the soil and EWs’ casts (EWC). Five scenarios (Sc) were included: conventionally
managed rice-wheat system (farmers’ practices, Sc1), CSA-based rice-wheat-mungbean
system with flood irrigation (FI) (Sc2) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) (Sc3), CSA-based maizewheat-
mungbean system with FI (Sc4), and SDI (Sc5). Results revealed that EWs were absent under
Sc1, while the 10-year adoption of CSA-based scenarios (mean of Sc2–5) increased EWs’ density
and biomass to be 257.7 no. m2 and 36.05 g m2, respectively. CSA-based maize scenarios (Sc4
and Sc5) attained higher EWs’ density and biomass over rice-based CSA scenarios (Sc2 and Sc4).
Also, SDI-based scenarios (Sc3 and Sc5) recorded higher EWs’ density and biomass over FI (Sc2
and Sc4). Maize-based CSA with SDI recorded the highest EWs’ density and EWs’ biomass. The
higher total organic carbon in EWC (1.91%) than in the bulk soil of CSA-based scenarios (0.98%) and
farmers’ practices (0.65%) suggests the shift of crop residue to a stable SOC (in EWC). EWC contained
significant amounts of C and available NPK under CSA practices, which were nil under Sc1. All
CSA-based scenarios attained higher enzymes activities over Sc1. CSA-based scenarios, in particular,
maize-based scenarios using SDI, improved EWs’ proliferation, SOC, and nutrients storage (in soil
and EWC) and showed a better choice for the IGP farmers with respect to C sequestration, soil quality,
and nutrient availability
23rd Karnal Bunt Screening Nursery
No full textThe Karnal Bunt Screening Nursery is a single replicate nursery that contains diverse spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) germplasm adapted to ME1 (Optimally irrigated, low rainfall environment) with total 50-100 entries and white/red grain color
wheat experiment with increasing rates of nitrogen to develop a calibration for the GreenSeeker in Guanajuato.
No full textThis experiments were established with different rates of nitrogen in order to generate a wide range of values for NDVI and grain yield in order to develop a calibration model for the GreenSeeker in Guanajuato
Dataset of grain damage and seed quality of maize stored for three and six months in the Central Highlands of Mexico in 2019
No full textThe International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) implemented storage experiments in 2019 at the experiment station of El Batán Texcoco, the State of Mexico, Mexico (2282 m above sea level), to evaluate the impact of storage technologies on seed of maize landraces. Experimented were conducted on four Mexican landraces during three and six months of storage and compared the effectiveness of farmers' conventional storage practices (polypropylene bags) and hermetic technologies (either the GrainPro Hermetic SuperGrainbag® Premium RZ, a hermetic bag with a Zip system, or plastic bottles used as airtight storage technologies) in minimizing seed losses and maintaining germination. Data collected include: (1) characteristics of the maize that was stored (name of landrace, moisture content, temperature) (2) grain damage data (percentage of insect-damaged grain, percentage of kernel without damage, weight loss) before and after storage experiments; (3) number of live insects per 500 g of sample (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Prostephanus truncatus Horn, Sitotroga cerealella Olivier); (4) seed quality parameters (percentages of normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings, germination, non-germinated viable seeds, non-germinated non-viable seeds)
Optimization of N dose in rice under conservation agriculture with sub-surface drip fertigation
No full textA field study was framed in rice crop under conservation agriculture (CA) based rice-wheat system at experimental
farm of Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA)-CIMMYT, Ladhowal, Punjab, India during kharif 2019. In the
present study, nine treatments were imposed out of which four are CA-based treatments (ZT-N0, ZT-N50, ZT-N75
and ZT-N100), four are CA coupled with subsurface drip fertigation (CA+) based treatments (SSD-N0,SSD-N50,
SSD-N75 and SSD-N100) and puddled transplanted rice (PTR) treatment as farmer’s practice. The findings of the
study showed that PTR treatment out yielded in terms of yield attributing characters and biological yield than other
treatments. CA+ treatment (SSD-N100) resulted higher biological yield (2.8%) than CA-based treatments (ZT-N100).
SSD-N100 dominated ZT-N100 and PTR treatment in terms of plant N content (both grain and straw), total N uptake
and N harvest index. PTR treatment resulted 22-33% higher ANUE than ZT-N100 and SSD-N100 treatments
Rice yield gaps and nitrogen-use efficiency in the Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India: Evidence based insights from heterogeneous farmers’ practices
No full textA large database of individual farmer field data (n = 4,107) for rice production in the Northwestern Indo-
Gangetic Plains of India was used to decompose rice yield gaps and to investigate the scope to reduce nitrogen
(N) inputs without compromising yields. Stochastic frontier analysis was used to disentangle efficiency and
resource yield gaps, whereas data on rice yield potential in the region were retrieved from the Global Yield Gap
Atlas to estimate the technology yield gap. Rice yield gaps were small (ca. 2.7 t ha 1, or 20% of potential yield,
Yp) and mostly attributed to the technology yield gap (ca. 1.8 t ha 1, or ca. 15% of Yp). Efficiency and resource
yield gaps were negligible (less than 5% of Yp in most districts). Small yield gaps were associated with high input
use, particularly irrigation water and N, for which small yield responses were observed. N partial factor productivity
(PFP-N) was 45–50 kg grain kg 1 N for fields with efficient N management and approximately 20%
lower for the fields with inefficient N management. Improving PFP-N appears to be best achieved through better
matching of N rates to the variety types cultivated and by adjusting the amount of urea applied in the 3rd split in
correspondance with the amount of diammonium-phosphate applied earlier in the season. Future studies should
assess the potential to reduce irrigation water without compromising rice yield and to broaden the assessment
presented here to other indicators and at the cropping systems level
Replication Data for: Sparse multi-trait genomic prediction under incomplete block designs
No full textThe efficiency of genomic selection methodologies can be increased by sparse testing where a subset of materials are evaluated in different environments. Seven different multi-environment plant breeding datasets were used to evaluate four different methods for allocating lines to environments in a multi-trait genomic prediction problem. The results of the analysis are presented in the accompanying article
Fertility Maps of Pedro Escobedo and San Juan del Rio, Querétaro.
No full textSoil sampling with 1x1 km grid in the agricultural area of the Pedro Escobedo and San Juan del Rio Municipalities at at 0 to 30 cm depth
13th High Rainfall Wheat Yield Trial
No full textCIMMYT annually distributes improved germplasm developed by its researchers and partners in international nurseries trials and experiments. The High Rainfall Wheat Yield Trial (HRWYT) contains very top-yielding advance lines of spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) germplasm adapted to high rainfall, Wheat Mega-environment 2 (ME2HR)