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Long-term conservation agriculture helps in the reclamation of sodic soils in major agri-food systems
No full textGlobally crop production is impaired by soil salinity and sodicity and to maintain the
sustainability of the production systems under such degraded lands, conservation
agriculture (CA) may be an alternative in arid and semiarid regions. An experiment
was initiated with different agri-food systems with CA-based practices to understand
the reclamation potential of sodic soil after continuous cultivation for 4 and 9 years.
This included: (i) conventional tillage (CT)-based rice-wheat system (Sc1); (ii) partial
CA with puddled rice-zero tillage (ZT) wheat and mungbean (Sc2); (iii) ZT rice-wheatmungbean
(Sc3); (iv) ZT maize-wheat-mungbean (Sc4). Soil samples were collected
from 0 to 15 and 15 to 30-cm depth after 4 and 9 years of wheat harvesting. Results
showed an 18% decline in pH2 with Sc2 and ~30% decline in EC2 with Sc2 and
Sc3 at upper soil depth after 9 years. Higher cation exchange capacity by 35% and
89% in Sc2 and 38% and 58% in Sc3 after 4 and 9 years was found, respectively,
over initial levels. A decrease in exchangeable sodium percentage was recorded in
Sc2 by 43% and 50%, after 4 and 9 years over the initial level, respectively. The oxidizable
carbon and total organic carbon were increased by ~76%, 69%, and 64% in
Sc4, Sc3, and Sc2, respectively, over initial values at 0–15 cm soil depth. Results
showed that the CA-based rice-wheat-mungbean system had more reclamation
potential than other studied systems. Therefore, long-term CA practices involving ZT
with crop residue recycling and efficient crop rotations have the potential to reduce
the sodicity stress and improve soil organic carbon thereby bringing the sodic lands
under productive crop cultivation
Climate‑smart agriculture practices influence weed density and diversity in cereal‑based agri‑food systems of western Indo‑Gangetic plains
No full textClimate-smart agriculture (CSA)-based management practices are getting popular across South-Asia
as an alternative to the conventional system for particular weed suppression, resources conservation
and environmental quality. An 8-year study (2012–2013 to 2019–2020) was conducted to understand
the shift in weed density and diversity under different CSA-based management practices called
scenarios (Sc). These Sc involved: Sc1, conventional tillage (CT)-based rice–wheat system with flood
irrigation (farmers’ practice); Sc2, CT-rice, zero tillage (ZT)-wheat–mungbean with flood irrigation
(partial CA-based); Sc3, ZT rice–wheat–mungbean with flood irrigation (partial CSA-based rice); Sc4,
ZT maize–wheat–mungbean with flood irrigation (partial CSA-based maize); Sc5, ZT rice–wheat–
mungbean with subsurface drip irrigation (full CSA-based rice); and Sc6, ZT maize–wheat–mungbean
with subsurface drip irrigation (full CSA-based maize). The most abundant weed species were P.
minor > A. arvensis > M. indicus > C. album and were favored by farmers’ practice. However, CSA-based
management practices suppressed these species and favored S. nigrum and R. dentatus and the effect
of CSAPs was more evident in the long-term. Maximum total weed density was observed for Sc1,
while minimum value was recorded under full CSA-based maize systems, where seven weed-species
vanished, and P. minor density declined to 0.33 instead of 25.93 plant m−
2 after 8-years of continuous
cultivation. Full CSA-based maize–wheat system could be a promising alternative for the conveniently
managed rice–wheat system in weed suppression in north-west India
Wheat experiment with increasing rates of nitrogen to develop a calibration for the GreenSeeker in Yaqui Valley
No full textThis experiments were established with different rates of nitrogen in order to generate a wide range of values for NDVI and grain yield in order to develop a calibration model for the GreenSeeker in Yaqui Valley
Toward greater sustainability: how investing in soil health may enhance maize productivity in Southern Africa
No full textClimate change and soil fertility decline are major threats to smallholder farmers' food and nutrition security in southern Africa, and cropping systems that improve soil health are needed to address these challenges. Cropping systems that invest in soil organic matter, such as no-tillage (NT) with crop residue retention, have been proposed as potential solutions. However, a key challenge for assessing the sustainability of NT systems is that soil carbon (C) stocks develop over long timescales, and there is an urgent need to identify trajectory indicators of sustainability and crop productivity. Here we examined the effects of NT as compared with conventional tillage without residue retention on relationships between soil characteristics and maize (Zea mays L.) productivity in long-term on-farm and on-station trials in Zimbabwe. Our results show that relationships between soil characteristics and maize productivity, and the effects of management on these relationships, varied with soil type. Total soil nitrogen (N) and C were strong predictors of maize grain yield and above-ground biomass (i.e., stover) in the clayey soils, but not in the sandy soils, under both managements. This highlights context-specific benefits of management that fosters the accumulation of soil C and N stocks. Despite a strong effect of NT management on soil C and N in sandy soils, this accrual was not sufficient to support increased crop productivity in these soils. We suggest that sandy soils should be the priority target of NT with organic resource inputs interventions in southern Africa, as mineral fertilizer inputs alone will not halt the soil fertility decline. This will require a holistic management approach and input of C in various forms (e.g., biomass from cover crops and tree components, crop residues, in combination with mineral fertilizers). Clayey soils on the other hand have greater buffering capacity against detrimental effects of soil tillage and low C input
Soil wet chemistry data and mid-infrared spectra collected from rice-wheat farmers’ fields in Bihar, India
No full textThe Soil Intelligence System (SIS-India) mid-IR (MIR) dataset contains MIR spectra and wet chemistry measurements (pH, EC, OC, N, P, K, S, B, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe) for 3182 soil samples collected from randomly selected rice-wheat farmer fields spread uniformly within a KVK (government extension system) domain/district in Bihar, India. Soil sampling was conducted during the time following kharif harvest and prior to land preparation for rabi during the 2018, 2019, and 2020 seasons. The dataset is used for the training and evaluation of machine learning models for spectral prediction of soil properties
Fertility Maps of Yuriria, Guanajuato 2020.
No full textSoil sampling with 1x1 km grid in the agricultural area of the Yuriria Municipality at at 0 to 30 cm depth
Fertility Maps of Salvatierra, Guanajuato 2019.
No full textSoil sampling with 1x1 km grid in the agricultural area of the Salvatierra Municipality at at 0 to 30 cm depth
Evaluation of herbicides for weed control in beans in El Batán, México (2017)
No full textEffectiveness of 10 herbicides were compared during 2017 in El Batán, México. The results will be used to make recommendations to maize farmers for weed control
Nutrient omission experiments in maize crop, established in different regions of Mexico, during 2011, 2012 and 2013.
No full textNutrient omission experiments aim to identify nutritional deficiencies in maize production systems in different regions of Mexico
32ND High Rainfall Wheat Screening Nursery
No full textCIMMYT annually distributes improved germplasm developed by its researchers and partners in international nurseries trials and experiments. The High Rainfall Wheat Screening Nursery (HRWSN) contains spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) germplasm adapted to high rainfall areas (Mega-environment 2)