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Appraisal of complementarity of subsurface drip fertigation and conservation agriculture for physiological performance and water economy of maize
No full textThe Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) in north-west (NW) India are facing a severe decline in ground water due to
prevalent rice-based cropping systems. To combat this issue, conservation agriculture (CA) with an alternative
crop/s, such as maize, is being promoted. Recently, surface drip fertigation has also been evaluated as a viable
option to address low-nutrient use efficiency and water scarcity problems for cereals. While the individual
benefits of CA and sub-surface drip (SSD) irrigation on water economy are well-established, information
regarding their combined effect in cereal-based systems is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field
experiment in maize, under an ongoing CA-based maize-wheat system, to evaluate the complementarity of CA
with SSD irrigation through two technological interventions–– CA+ (residue retained CA + SSD), PCA+ (partial
CA without residue + SSD) – at different N rates (0, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1) in comparison to traditional furrow
irrigated (FI) CA and conventional tillage (CT) at 120 kg N ha-1. Our results showed that CA+ had the highest
grain yield (8.2 t ha-1), followed by PCA+ (8.1 t ha-1). The grain yield under CA+ at 150 kg N ha-1 was 27% and
30% higher than CA and CT, respectively. Even at the same N level (120 kg N ha-1), CA+ outperformed CA and
CT by 16% and 18%, respectively. The physiological performance of maize also revealed that CA+ based plots
with 120 kg N ha-1 had 12% and 3% higher photosynthesis rate at knee-high and silking, respectively compared
to FI-CA and CT. Overall, compared to the FI-CA and CT, SSD-based CA+ and PCA+ saved 54% irrigation water
and increased water productivity (WP) by more than twice. Similarly, a greater number of split N application
through fertigation in PCA+ and CA+ increased agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and recover efficiency
by 8–19% and 14–25%, respectively. Net returns from PCA+ and CA+ at 150 kg N ha-1 were significantly higher
by US$ 491 and 456, respectively than the FI-CA and CT treatments. Therefore, CA coupled with SSD provided
tangible benefits in terms of yield, irrigation water saving, WP, NUE and profitability. Efforts should be directed
towards increasing farmers’ awareness of the benefits of such promising technology for the cultivating food
grains and commercial crops such as maize. Concurrently, government support and strict policies are required to
enhance the system adaptability
Replication Data for: Genomic Prediction of Gene Bank Wheat Landraces
No full textGenomic prediction methods may be used to enhance efforts to rapidly introgress traits of interest from exotic germplasm into elite materials. This study examined the performance of different genomic prediction models using genotypic and phenotypic data related to 8416 Mexican landrace accessions and 2403 Iranian landrace accessions stored in germplasm banks. The Mexican and Iranian collections were evaluated under optimal, drought, and heat conditions for several traits including the highly heritable traits, days to heading (DTH), and days to maturity (DTM). The results of the different analyses are reported in the accompanying journal article
Replication Data for: Exotic alleles contribute to heat tolerance in wheat under field conditions
No full textPlant breediers must respond to the threats posed by climate change in order to help ensure global food security in the short and long term. A better understanding of the genetic underpinnings of heat tolerance can contribute to efforts to develop more resilient crops. The exome capture data from 149 spring wheat lines provided in this dataset were used to search for loci, including loci from an exotic wheat relative, that could contribute to enhanced heat tolerance. The HIBAP_Germplasm file provides a HIBAP_NUMBER that appears in name of the exome capture files to link them to specific germplasm.The methods and results of the study are described in the accompanying article
Genotypic data (DArTAG panel 2) for the IBWSN and SAWSN
No full textDArTAG panel 2 validation data on 1454 CIMMYT spring bread wheat elite lines included in the 53, 54 and 55IWBWSN and 38, 39 and 40 SAWSN. DArTAG panel 2 consists of 3897 selected SNPs
43rd Elite Spring Wheat Yield Trial
No full textThe Elite Spring Wheat Yield Trial (ESWYT) is a replicated yield trial that contains spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) germplasm adapted to Mega-environment 1 (ME1) which represents the optimally irrigated, low rainfall areas. Major stresses include leaf, stem and yellow rusts, Karnal bunt, and lodging. Representative areas include the Gangetic Valley (India), the Indus Valley (Pakistan), the Nile Valley (Egypt), irrigated river valleys in parts of China (e.g. Chengdu), and the Yaqui Valley (Mexico). This ME encompasses 36 million hectares spread primarily over Asia and Africa between 350S -350N latitudes. White (amber)-grained types are preferred by consumers of wheat in the vast majority of the areas. It is distributed to upto 200 locations and contains 50 entries
Data on mechanized crop establishment methods (Direct seeding by seed drill and transplanting by machine) and rice-fallow areas suitable for short duration pulses in Odisha
No full textTwo types of experiments conducted in multi-location on-farm trials to evaluate the mechanized crop establishment methods (Drill-Direct Seeded Rice and Mechanical Transplanted Rice) alternative to traditional crop establishment methods (Manual transplanted rice and broadcasting followed by beushening) in three districts of Odisha over three years (2017 to 2019). Two types of experiments were also conducted to evaluated the performance of short duration pulses or oilseeds in the rice-fallow areas for increasing the cropping intensity and system productivity. The yield data were collected manually from different treatments under each experiment over three years. We also combined multi-temporal Earth Observation (EO) data from Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-1 satellite sensors from 2018 to 2021 to identify rice-fallow areas and suitable rice-fallow areas for cultivation of short duration pulses and oilseeds
Replication Data for: Study of Post-flowering stalk rot (PFSR) pathogen species variation and possible shifts across selected maize agro-ecologies in South Asia
No full textMaize post-flowering stalk rots (PFSR) are caused by at least six genera of fungal pathogens. They generally occur as a complex, along with secondary colonizers. PFSR are reported from all major maize growing ecologies and are expected to be exacerbated by the changing climates in Latin America, Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa, A better understanding of the prevalence and spread of the stalk rot pathogens in different maize agro ecologies in Asia could contribute to plans to reduce damage caused by PFSRs. The data presented in this study from from a collection of samples from PFSR-affected maize plant stalks in India. The samples were collected in 2022 from 19 locations. The results of the analysis of the pathogens are presented in the report present in this study and accompanying article
2023 CIMMYT Maize Latin America Product Announcement / Anuncio de Productos de Maíz de CIMMYT en Latinoamérica 2023
No full textNew and improved maize hybrids, developed by the CIMMYT Global Maize Program, are available for uptake by public and private sector partners, especially those interested in marketing or disseminating hybrid maize seed across Latin America and similar agro-ecological zones. Following a rigorous trialing and a stage-gate advancement process culminating in the 2022 Stage 5 trials, CIMMYT advanced a total of five new elite maize hybrids in Latin America in 2023. Phenotypic data collected in Stage 4 and Stage 5 trials for the selected hybrids as well as information about the trial sites are provided in this dataset. These trials were conducted through a network of partners, including NARES and private seed companies, in Latin America under various management and environmental conditions.
Nuevos y mejorados híbridos desarrollados por el Programa Global de Maíz del CIMMYT se ponen a disposición de instituciones del sector público y privado, especialmente para aquellas instituciones colaboradoras interesadas en la comercialización y diseminación de semilla de maíz en Latinoamérica o en zonas agroecológicas similares. Después de un riguroso proceso de evaluación de germoplasma en distintas etapas que culminó en ensayos de evaluación de híbridos en etapa cinco en 2022, el CIMMYT avanzó cinco nuevos híbridos élites en Latinoamérica en 2023. Datos fenotípicos recopilados en los ensayos en etapa cuatro y cinco, además de información sobre los sitios están incluidos en este conjunto de datos. Estos ensayos fueron conducidos bajo diferentes condiciones de manejo y ambientes a través de redes colaborativas con instituciones de investigación (SNIAs) pública y empresas semilleras de Latinoamérica
Economic analysis of 50% non-pollinating (FNP) maize varieties, a promising new seed production technology for Africa
No full textThis workbook contains the data with sources, and calculations for the figures and tables for the manuscript with the above titl
24th Fusarium Head Blight Screening Nursery
No full textThe Fusarium Head Blight Screening Nursery (earlier Scab Resistance Screening Nursery - SRSN) is a single replicate nursery that contains diverse spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) germplasm adapted to ME2 (High rainfall environment) and ME4 (Low rainfall, semi-arid environment) with total 50-100 entries and white/red grain color