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Climate change impact and adaptation of rainfed cereal crops in sub-Saharan Africa
No full textSub-Saharan Africa's (SSA) demand for cereals is projected to more than double by 2050. Climate change is generally assumed to add to the future challenges of the needed productivity increase. This study aimed to assess (i) the potential climate change impact on four key rainfed cereals (maize, millet, sorghum and wheat) in ten SSA countries namely Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia using local data and national expertise, and (ii) the potential of cultivar adaptation to climate change for the four crops. We assessed effects on rainfed potential cereal yields per crop and aggregated these to regional level in West (WA), East and Southern Africa (ESA). We made use of a rigorous agronomic dataset for 120 locations in the ten countries and performed simulations of rainfed potential yield (Yw) using bias-corrected climate data from five GCMs, three time periods (1995–2014 as baseline, 2040–2059, and 2080–2099) and two scenarios (SSP3–7.0 as business as usual and SSP5–8.5 as pessimistic). We tested whether better adapted cultivars (taken from the pool of cultivars currently employed in the ten countries) could compensate for climate change. Results showed that climate change decreased aggregated Yw of cereals by around 6% in ESA by 2050, whereas projected impacts in WA were not significant. In 2090, however, the projected impact of climate change in both WA (−24%) and ESA (−9%). was significant. Cultivar adaptation partially compensated the negative impact of climate change. With the adaptation approach, 87% and 82% of potential production in ESA was estimated to occur with higher average Yw and lower variability in, respectively, 2050 and 2090, compared to the baseline period. In WA 67% and 43% of the potential production was estimated to experience such positive effects in 2050 and 2090, respectively. These results highlight remaining adaptation challenges for 13% (2050) and 18% (2090) in ESA and 33% (2050) and 57% (2090) in WA for potential production. In the context of the large yield gaps in SSA, this is likely to further increase challenges to meet cereal self-sufficiency for SSA, especially in WA
Actualización hacia el sistema e-Agrology 360
No full texte-Agrology 360 es una plataforma digital diseñada para capturar, almacenar, comparar y visualizar datos sobre producción agrícola, permitiendo evaluar la eficiencia, rentabilidad y sostenibilidad de los cultivos. Incluye una plataforma web y una aplicación móvil que registran actividades agrícolas, datos de productores y manejo agronómico mediante formularios estandarizados para facilitar reportes comparativos. El sistema, desarrollado con tecnologías open source como JavaScript, Python y Flutter, sigue un modelo de integración continua que permite actualizaciones frecuentes. Sus características clave incluyen flexibilidad para adaptarse a diferentes condiciones de producción, integración con sistemas externos mediante APIs, y capacidad de operar offline en áreas rurales. La interfaz intuitiva facilita su adopción por los usuarios, permitiendo la personalización de módulos. La actualización a e-Agrology 360 mejora la captura de datos y la integración de nuevas funciones, con la nueva versión ya disponible en línea para usuarios en México.28 page
Genome assembly, comparative genomics, and identification of genes/pathways underlying plant growth-promoting traits of an actinobacterial strain, Amycolatopsis sp. (BCA-696)
No full textThe draft genome sequence of an agriculturally important actinobacterial species Amycolatopsis sp. BCA-696 was developed and characterized in this study. Amycolatopsis BCA-696 is known for its biocontrol properties against charcoal rot and also for plant growth-promotion (PGP) in several crop species. The next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based draft genome of Amycolatopsis sp. BCA-696 comprised of similar to 9.05 Mb linear chromosome with 68.75% GC content. In total, 8716 protein-coding sequences and 61 RNA-coding sequences were predicted in the genome. This newly developed genome sequence has been also characterized for biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, we have also reported that the Amycolatopsis sp. BCA-696 produces the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin that inhibits the growth of pathogenic gram-positive bacteria. A comparative analysis of the BCA-696 genome with publicly available closely related genomes of 14 strains of Amycolatopsis has also been conducted. The comparative analysis has identified a total of 4733 core and 466 unique orthologous genes present in the BCA-696 genome The unique genes present in BCA-696 was enriched with antibiotic biosynthesis and resistance functions. Genome assembly of the BCA-696 has also provided genes involved in key pathways related to PGP and biocontrol traits such as siderophores, chitinase, and cellulase production
Towards transforming cassava breeding: harnessing inbred-parentbased hybrid breeding strategies
No full textGenomics-assisted breeding has significantly improved recurrent selection in cassava. However, challenges persist with the use of heterozygous parents, hindering efficient trait introgression to meet the needs of ever-changing markets and environmental conditions. To address this, we propose an innovative approach – inbred-parent-based hybrid cassava breeding, aiming to transform cassava breeding by implementing backcrossing-based trait introgression, effectively purging deleterious mutations, and systematically exploring and utilizing heterosis. This perspective paper discusses the key drawbacks of heterozygous parent-based recurrent selection and outlines how the proposed approach overcomes these challenges. By leveraging the self-compatibility of cassava and advanced technologies like flower-inducing and doubled haploid technologies, along with genomics advancements and a global network, cassava breeding programs can achieve efficient, cost-effective, and accelerated inbred-parent-based hybrid breeding. In conclusion, we emphasize four crucial action areas to focus on for the initial phase to realize this transformation, i.e., understanding inbreeding depression, developing inbred or doubled haploid parents, purging genetic load, and identifying or creating heterotic pools. Through collective efforts and global collaboration, inbred-parent-based hybrid cassava breeding will transform cassava breeding and production, ensuring resilience and adaptability to significantly contribute to ending hunger and reducing poverty during the climate crisis
Coconut oil and bees wax edible coating for postharvest quality maintenance of bari malta-1 at ambient storage
No full textAn experiment was conducted to assess the influence of coconut oil and beeswax edible coating on the postharvest storage quality of Malta (Citrus sinensis) at ambient conditions (27±4°C and 65±5% RH). Sorted fruits were washed with drinking water; after removing surface water, fruits were coated with coconut oil and beeswax mixture (90:10 or 80:20 or 70:30) or only coconut oil. After coating, fruits were kept in crates and stored at 27±4°C and 65±5% RH. Weight loss, firmness, external colour (hue angle and lightness), TSS, pH, ascorbic acid, total sugar and reducing sugar were analyzed periodically during storage. After 18 days of storage, uncoated Malta had lost 45.6% of its firmness, while only coconut oil coated Malta had lost 32.7%, and combinations of coconut oil and beeswax Malta had lost just about 20%. The maximum weight loss of 16% was recorded in the uncoated Malta, whereas only 6% was lost in the Malta coated with a mixture of coconut oil beeswax (7:3) on the last day of storage. During the eighteenth day of storage, uncoated Malta retained 44.00 mg/100g of ascorbic acid, indicating a significant loss during storage. The levels of ascorbic acid in coated Malta that had either been coated with coconut oil alone or with coconut oil and beeswax on the final day (18) of storage ranged from 54 to 58 mg/100g. The findings showed that using coconut oil alone or in combination with a beeswax coating effectively maintained the ascorbic acid content, prevented weight loss, and maintained Malta's firmness throughout storage.275-28
Diverse crop production and profitability: Yield, economics, and labor productivity in Rangpur, Bangladesh
No full textBangladesh relies heavily on rice-based cropping systems to maintain food security. However, this dependence limits crop diversification, which is crucial for enhancing agricultural productivity and profitability in a country with high population density and limited arable land. On-farm research trials provide a brief summary of the productivity and profitability results from diversified cropping systems after one full cropping cycle. This trial was conducted in the Shibdeb and Chargonai villages of the Rangpur district, addressing food insecurity, sustainable agriculture, and climate challenges—key components for achieving TAFSSA’s goals. The trial aims to highlight the importance of crop diversification and identify strategies to increase farmers' productivity and profitability from agricultural land.13 page
The effects of supplementation timing on stocking rate and milk production per hectare in grazing Holstein dairy cows
No full textEl objetivo fue evaluar, en pastoreo de praderas mixta de Medicago sativa L. y Dactylis glomerata L., la respuesta de vacas Holstein Neozelandés a la suplementación con concentrado en diferentes momentos del día, sobre producción individual, carga animal y producción de leche por hectárea. Se realizaron dos experimentos, en invierno y en primavera-verano, con un diseño cruzado 3×3. Los tratamientos fueron tres momentos de oferta de concentrado (5.0 kg de MS vaca-1 día-1) como suplemento luego de la ordeña matinal (AM), de la vespertina (PM), y dividido equitativamente en ambas ordeñas (AM-PM). Las unidades experimentales fueron lotes de seis (invierno) o cinco vacas (primavera-verano) y sus respectivas áreas de pastoreo, mismas que recibieron los tratamientos. El criterio de manejo del pastoreo rotacional fue 8 cm de altura de forraje residual para todos los tratamientos; esto permitió estimar el efecto de los tratamientos sobre la carga animal. No hubo efecto (P>0.05) sobre carga animal. La producción de leche por vaca en AM fue 10.2 % superior que los otros dos tratamientos en promedio, tanto en invierno (8.6 %, P=0.0002), como en primavera-verano (11.7 %, P<0.0001). El incremento en producción de leche por ha (9 %) se debió a la respuesta individual y no a diferencias en carga animal. El criterio de manejo de pastoreo con altura única de forraje residual permitió, de modo sencillo, estimar la respuesta en carga animal y con ello la producción de leche por hectárea.762–777
