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Agroecological business model diagnostics and upgrading plan for Sasso poultry business in Murehwa District, Zimbabwe
No full textThis report examines the development and upgrading of the Hamara Sasso poultry business model in Murehwa District, Zimbabwe, as part of the CGIAR Agroecology Initiative. It synthesizes the processes followed to identify potential agroecological business models, diagnose their alignment with agroecological principles, and outline financial and viability assessments. The analysis includes findings from the Value Chain Analysis (VCA), Business Model Canvas, and agroecology assessments, along with a SWOT analysis and lessons learned from implementation challenges. Key results indicate that the Sasso model achieved a B-ACT agroecology score of 61.36%, reflecting partial alignment with agroecological principles such as inclusivity, resilience, and efficiency, while highlighting areas for improvement in resource recycling, market access, and cost-effective feed strategies. The SWOT analysis identified strengths such as high consumer demand for organic poultry, robust market potential, and the hardiness of the Sasso breed, contrasted with challenges like high feed costs, limited farmer access to financial and technical resources, and logistical inefficiencies. Recommendations focus on enhancing circularity through poultry manure recycling and promoting alternative feeds like Azolla to reduce production costs. Strengthening market linkages with urban retailers and institutional buyers, along with tailored financial products and cooperative models, will improve farmer profitability. Participatory training in feed formulation, disease management, and agroecological practices will increase farmer resilience, while investments in infrastructure, decentralized logistics, and digital platforms like the Hamara App will ensure scalability. Addressing these challenges positions the model as a scalable framework for agroecological and economic advancement in rural poultry systems.32 page
Evaluating the effects of the CERES-Rice model to simulate upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield under different plant density and nitrogen management strategies in Fogera Plain, Northwest Ethiopia
No full textThis study assessed the optimal nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate and planting density for the well-adapted upland rice cultivar NERICA_4 on the Fogera Plain. The primary objective was to evaluate the effects of varied planting densities and N-fertilizer rates on upland rice yield and other agronomic parameters. A two-year field study (2020 and 2021) was conducted at the Fogera Rice Research Field Station, testing nine plant densities (75, 87, and 98; 72, 82, and 91; 70, 79, and 89 plants per m2 and two N rates (115 and 138 kg N ha−1). The Crop Simulation Model Crop Environment Resource Synthesis (CSM-CERES-Rice) within the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) framework was calibrated and validated using site-specific weather, soil, crop, and agronomic management data from the experiment. Results on the subsequent RMSE, RMSEn, and d index values during the calibration phase were 0.074 t ha−1, 1.82 %, and 0.86 of grain yield; 0.307 t ha−1, 3.36 %, and 0.87 of by-product yield; 0.489 t ha−1, 3.74 %, and 0.79 of top dry biomass yield; and 0.28, 8.24 %, and 0.63 of leaf area index values, respectively. Whereas results on the corresponding RMSE, RMSEn, and d index values during the evaluation phase were: 0.58 t ha−1, 1.33 %, and 0.90 of grain yield; 0.69 t ha−1, 0.58 %, and 0.99 of by-product yield; 0.678 t ha−1, 4.36 %, and 0.67 of top dry biomass yield; and 0.75, 13.92 %, and 0.74 of leaf area index, respectively. The findings of the long-term simulation showed that a 23 % increase in grain yield was achieved with 138 kg N ha−1 and 87 plants per m2 of planting density, as compared to 115 kg N ha−1 and 75 plants per m2 of plant density. The recommended optimum plant density and N fertilizer rate were 138 kg N ha−1 with PD2 of plant density for upland rice production in the Fogera Plain
The genetics of Ug99 stem rust resistance in spring wheat variety ‘Linkert‘
No full textWheat stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) threatens wheat production worldwide. The objective of this study was to characterize wheat stem rust resistance in ‘Linkert’, a variety with adult plant resistance effective to emerging wheat stem rust pathogen strain Ug99. Two doubled haploid (DH) populations and one recombinant inbred line (RIL) population were developed with ‘Linkert’ as a stem rust resistant parent. Hard red spring wheat variety ‘Forefront’ and genetic stock ‘LMPG’ were used as stem rust susceptible parents of the DH populations. Breeding line ‘MN07098-6’ was used as a susceptible parent of the RIL population. Both DH and RIL populations with their parents were evaluated both at the seedling stage and in the field against Pgt races. Genotyping data of the DH populations were generated using the wheat iSelect 90k SNP assay. The RIL population was genotyped by genotyping-by-sequencing. We found QTL consistently associated with wheat stem rust resistance on chromosome 2BS for the Linkert/Forefront DH population and the Linkert/MN07098-6 RIL population both in Ethiopia and Kenya. Additional reliable QTL were detected on chromosomes 5BL (125.91 cM) and 4AL (Sr7a) for the Linkert/LMPG population in Ethiopia and Kenya. Different QTL identified in the populations reflect the importance of examining the genetics of resistance in populations derived from adapted germplasm (Forefront and MN07098-6) in addition to a genetic stock (LMPG). The associated markers in this study could be used to track and select for the identified QTL in wheat breeding programs
The role of culture in transforming individuals, communities, and agrifood systems: the role of community dialogues of elders
No full textThe Community Dialogue of Elders (CDE) was established under the Agroecology Initiative (AEI) in Zimbabwe to facilitate agroecological transformation by integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) with modern agroecological practices. Led by Biohub Trust in collaboration with CIMMYT, the Initiative aims to leverage the wealth of traditional knowledge possessed by elders, spiritual leaders, and local authorities to foster sustainable agricultural practices, promote social equity, and drive behavior change. The dialogues in Mbire and Murehwa districts focused on key themes such as traditional agricultural practices, governance of natural resources, gender inclusion, intergenerational knowledge transfer, human-wildlife conflict management, and integration of modern agroecological techniques. A carefully structured process was followed to establish the CDE, including stakeholder engagement, agenda-setting, and capacity-building efforts. Traditional leaders, spiritual figures, women, youth, and local government authorities were actively involved to ensure inclusivity and legitimacy. The dialogues emphasized the critical role of cultural practices in fostering ecological stewardship and social cohesion, highlighting rituals such as seed sanctification and rain-making as essential mechanisms for sustaining agroecosystems. The communication plan, developed to support these dialogues ensures that information flows effectively across different levels of governance and community structures. It emphasizes structured engagement, feedback loops, and capacity-building to enhance participation, motivation, and long-term behavior change. Traditional communication methods, complemented by modern tools, were used to disseminate information and gather feedback, ensuring cultural sensitivity and inclusiveness. The CDE aligns with the broader aspirations of the Agroecology Living Landscapes (ALLs) approach by promoting co-design and knowledge integration. The CDE fosters Trust and community buy-in by involving key opinion leaders such as elders and spiritual guides, which are critical for successful agroecological transformation. However, challenges remain, particularly in ensuring greater gender equity and addressing structural barriers faced by women and youth. The findings from the Vision to Action (V2A) report (Sibanda et al., 2024) underscore the importance of leveraging local actors and participatory processes to bridge these gaps and create a more inclusive food system. Key lessons from the CDE process highlight the importance of cultural relevance, stakeholder ownership, and intergenerational knowledge transfer in driving sustainable change. Integrating traditional and modern knowledge systems, policy support, and resource allocation presents an opportunity to scale the Initiative across other communities. The CDE offers a model for promoting socially inclusive, culturally grounded agroecological transitions in Zimbabwe by institutionalizing the dialogues and fostering partnerships between local leaders and government authorities.20 page
Mechanized direct- seeding and best management practices for rice in Cambodia: how and why are they complementary?
No full textRice, a staple food source in Cambodia, constitutes 70% of the daily caloric intake and contributing nearly half of the country’s agricultural GDP (World Bank, 2019). As a top 10 global rice exporter (Tilleard et al., 2023), Cambodia seeks to enhance its role in regional and global food security amid challenges like climate change and rising input costs. National strategies, including the Sustainable Development Goals (2016–2030) and the National Agricultural Development Policy (2023–2030), highlight the need for sustainable production and trade. However, rice farmers face significant challenges, including low yields from poor crop establishment, high production costs, and labor shortages, reducing their global competitiveness. Addressing these challenges requires efficient, climate-resilient mechanization, such as mechanized direct-seeded rice (mDSR) (ADB, 2019). This policy note synthesizes evidence on mechanized direct-seeded rice (mDSR) technology in Cambodia based on a review and analysis of published papers, reports, grey literature and government documents. It contributes evidence to the Cambodian government’s rice productivity enhancement policy formulation by evaluating the benefits of mDSR compared to conventional rice planting methods. The information in this review is intended to lay the groundwork for subsequent efforts to scale the impact of mDSR scientifically and effectively within Cambodia’s rice production sector. Currently, rice sowing in Cambodia remains largely manual, with 99% of farmers relying on direct seeding methods (Flor et al. 2020). Among these, 80-90% still rely on hand-broadcast (bDSR) techniques, which, along with poor seed quality, lead to excessive seeding rates, inefficient fertilizer and pesticide use, and delayed crop maturity (Martin et al., 2021; Dunn et al., 2023). The lack of proper seed-soil contact in bDSR often results in poor germination and makes crops more vulnerable to pests and diseases, particularly in upland areas with compacted soils (Stuart et al., 2018; Nguyen-Van-Hung et al. 2024). In contrast, mechanized direct-seeded rice (mDSR) has shown considerable advantages. When integrated with best management practices—such as using high-quality seeds, implementing integrated weed management, applying biological control measures, and optimizing fertilizer use— mDSR can yield more than traditional bDSR methods (IRRI, 2022; Pame et al., 2023; Keo et al., 2023). Studies have reported yield increases of 26% to 50% in Kampong Thom and Takeo provinces, along with reduced labor and water use (ADB, 2019). Participatory trials conducted in 2022 across Prey Veng, Takeo, Battambang, and Kampong Thom demonstrated yield gains of up to 62% and labor savings of as much as 79%, emphasizing the efficiency of mDSR (IRRI, 2022; Pame et al., 2023). Net profits from mDSR also rose compared to traditional bDSR, with gains of 111% in Battambang, 296% in Prey Veng, and 120% in Kampong Thom, underscoring the economic advantages of this technology (IRRI, 2022; Pame et al., 2023). Advancing mDSR adoption in Cambodia requires strategic measures focused on research, technical support, and stakeholder collaboration. Continued research on mDSR technology and agronomic practices is essential, requiring collaboration among the Department of Agricultural Engineering under the General Directorate of Agriculture (GDA), the Department of Extension for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DEAFF), Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI), National Agricultural Research Systems, universities, Cambodian machinery manufacturers, and international research centers like CGIAR and ACIAR to drive innovation and ensure effective dissemination. Partnerships between the GDA and manufacturers can help tailor and enhance mDSR equipment, ensuring product quality, fostering innovation, and maintaining a consistent supply of spare parts. Additionally, improving access to high-quality seeds through a robust distribution network and stringent seed certification is essential for mDSR, as it can reduce weed seed contamination and enhance germination rates—critical factors for successful mDSR implementation. (Beecher et al., 2014; Saruth et al., 2014). Creating a supportive business environment for mechanization is equally crucial. Support from the Cambodian government in the form of low-interest financing and technical assistance could significantly advance agricultural mechanization business development, benefiting private companies, cooperatives, agri-startups and service providers (SPs). Financial incentives for laser land leveling (LLL) can address high land preparation costs and labor shortages, making mDSR adoption more feasible. Expanding models like the Cambodian Agricultural Value Chain Program (CAVAC) to co-finance mDSR equipment and support extension activities will foster a diverse network of SPs (Tan et al., 2019). Capacity building and knowledge-sharing should be led by agencies lie the DEAFF, CARDI, international research centers, NGOs, and private partners. With additional donor support, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF) will be well-positioned to create platforms for sharing mDSR information, engage social network brokers to connect farmers, service providers, and suppliers, and enhance trust and knowledge dissemination (Zhang et al., 2020). Comprehensive training on machinery operation, maintenance, and economic benefits, delivered through partnerships with GDA, DAEFF, CARDI, international research centers and universities, will further build farmer confidence in mDSR and promote its widespread adoption (Beecher et al., 2016; Hitzler, 2023).18 page
Menú de tecnologías validadas – Maíz y frijol en Chiapas
No full textEl estado de Chiapas es caracterizado por condiciones muy diversas. En las zonas Centro y Frailesca, hay un clima subtropical y se siembra maíz híbrido, mientras que en las otras zonas del estado se siembra principalmente maíz criollo. En general, los productores trabajan pequeñas superficies y obtienen rendimientos bajos. La producción de maíz se hace principalmente durante el ciclo primavera-verano con temporal, aunque hay zonas donde también es posible sembrar en invierno. En el estado, los colaboradores del hub Chiapas han instalado 5 plataformas de investigación: Comitán (con IT Comitán), Larráinzar (con Ing. Mateo Perez y los productores Hernández), Ocosingo (con el Can’chix), Venustiano arranza (con SIAEP) y Villa Corzo (con M. Rubén de la Piedra). Este menú de tecnologías validadas resume los resultados de la investigación en las plataformas de investigación agronómica de Chiapas y presenta resultados agregados de los módulos y áreas de extensión. Las tecnologías que están incluidas en el menú tecnológico han sido evaluadas de manera científica o práctica en el hub Chiapas.82 page
A novel approach to include small reservoirs into a global hydrological model: Assessing its potential to reduce the agricultural water gap of smallholder farmers in Senegal
No full textStudy region: The country of Senegal. Study focus: One consequence of climate change is shifting precipitation patterns towards shorter rainfall regimes, posing challenges to societies relying on agricultural activities. A possible avenue to alleviate the impact of climate change is the construction small-scale reservoirs to locally supply irrigation water for small-holder farmers. Here, we assess the ability of small-scale reservoirs to close the agricultural water gap in Senegal. To this end we introduce a method to find locations and capacities of small-scale reservoirs in a 1 km hyper-resolution global hydrological model that are most effective in minimizing the water gap. New hydrologic insights for the region: We find that the effect of small-scale reservoirs varies regionally, and that the optimum design does not close the water gap. More locally, the water gap can be reduced during the growing season, indicating that small-holder farmers in vicinity to such reservoirs can benefit. To close the remaining water gap, we assessed the feasibility of groundwater pumping. With pumping, the water gap can be closed, yet often only at the expense of sustainable groundwater use. Due to the novelty of the methods presented, this study should not provide any input to actual decisions. It shows, however, the potential of using hyper-resolution hydrological models for small-scale analyses. More practically, it highlights the immense challenges for societies affected by the climate crisis to meet their water demand in a sustainable way
Situation report on Nepal’s agrifood systems: April 2024
No full textIn March 2024, Nepal witnessed moderate inflation. Overall consumer inflation reached 4 .8 percenton a year-on-year basis, while food and beverage inflation stood at 5.9 percent. The year-on-year wage rate index for agricultural labor showed a significant increase, however, agricultural labor wages remained constant over February-March. Remittances increased with the rise in labor permits for foreign employment. Staple foods such as rice, wheat flour, lentils, and black beans remained stable in February 2024 compared to the previous month. Additionally, the prices of vegetables such as tomatoes, potatoes, and carrots decreased over the same period. Similarly, the prices of proteinrich sources like milk, eggs, meat, and fish moderately decreased in February compared to the earlier month, while the price of edible oil continued to fall during this period.10 page
Conservation agriculture enhances crop productivity and soil carbon fractions in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India
No full textThis study evaluates the impact of conservation agriculture (CA) on soil carbon sequestration and crop productivity in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, focusing on short-term effects over 3 and 5 years. Conducted at two distinct sites, Karnal and Samastipur, the research compares zero tillage, permanent raised beds, and conventional tillage systems across diverse cropping patterns. Initial findings after 3 years showed no significant differences in carbon and nitrogen stocks at Karnal, while Samastipur's maize-mustard-mungbean rotation on permanent raised beds showed increased carbon stocks. Notably, after 5 years, significant differences in soil carbon stocks emerged at both sites, with improved organic matter input indicated by coarse particulate organic matter (cPOM) formation. The study confirms the potential of POXC and POC as early indicators for carbon sequestration in CA systems, highlighting the role of CA practices in enhancing soil health and crop productivity sustainably
Licensing as a commercialization strategy to improve varietal adoption in Tanzania
No full textUnfortunately, many improved varieties developed and released by African National Agricultural Research Institutions (NARES) remain shelved, never reaching the final intended beneficiaries—the farmers. This brief summarizes key findings from a study done in Tanzania on how the Tanzania Agricultural Research Institution (TARI) could strategically explore licensing to commercialize and improve varietal adoption. The findings show a dire need to develop institutional and industrial capacity for licensing and to revise the TARI legal framework in order to expand the range of varieties that can be licensed. The recommendations contained in this brief were based on consultations with stakeholders and workshop discussions in October and December 2023, led by the New Markets Lab (NML) in collaboration with the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). The results revealed that the NARES have a limited knowledge of licensing and intellectual property rights in the form of Plant Breeders’ Rights (PBR), which is a stringent legal requirement for the protection of varieties prior to licensing in Tanzania that poses a challenge for TARI. The consultations also highlighted institutional gaps in coordinating and overseeing the implementation of licensing agreements and the absence of an institutional intellectual assets policy and a varietal licensing database that are key factors affecting licensing.5 page