International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education
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An Evaluation of Insolvency and Its Causes in The Construction Industry
Full text linkThis study evaluated insolvency and determined its causes in the construction industry in Nigeria. The study utilized a questionnaire as the research instrument with a sample size of 90 contractors in Imo State, and descriptive statistics such as cross-tabulation and mean ranking were used to describe and summarize the data. In addition, a one-sample-test was employed to compare and find out the most significant issues that may cause insolvency in the construction industry. The study concludes that of the 11 potential causes of bankruptcies in the construction sector, the respondents listed five as main causes, absence of entry barriers, issues with cash flow, poor financial monitoring, knock-on consequences, and onerous contract terms. The study recommends that ethical actions and procedures be considered for the construction industry and main vendors to prevent jeopardizing the financial stability of supply chain contractor firms
The Renewable Energy: Environmentally Friendly Algae Biofuel
Full text linkDue to the limited availability of fossil fuels and the continuous increase in world energy demand, it will lead to an energy crisis in the future. The use of these energetic resources is responsible for the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that is associated with several adverse effects on the environment. Therefore, it is worth to search for different energy supplies that are renewable and environmentally friendly energy fuel. The alternative fuel is biodiesel, and its primary sources are oil seeds, used cooking oil, algae. Among which microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that can achieve high oil contents. This oil is suitable for producing biodiesel; thus, microalgae are considered a promising sustainable energetic resource that can reduce the dependence of fossil fuel. Biodiesel production from microalgae includes several steps, such as cell cultivation and harvesting, oil extraction, and biodiesel synthesis. Biodiesel is usually used by blending with Petro diesel, but it can also use in pure form. Biodiesel is a sustainable fuel, as it can be produced throughout the year and can run an engine with certain modifications. It can satisfy the needs and can also meet the demands of the future generation to come
Mechanisms for Reviving the Intangible Cultural Heritage to Revitalize Urban Spaces
Full text linkThe intangible cultural heritage is considered to be of value to the local community, as it contributes to the revitalization of urban spaces, its revitalization and making it vibrant with life, population, and society, as revitalizing the intangible aspects of culture means restoring the effectiveness of urban spaces through cultural performances and activities, and these activities are a source of attraction for society and in places, Different such as the street, squares, and urban parks, as this activation process leads to the revitalization of the economic aspects through an interest in providing shops for users and restaurants and places for rest with the social, cultural and physical aspects that are related to each other Some
The Impacts of Changes in Land Use and Buildings in Baghdad City: Perspectives on Cognitive Dimensions
Full text linkThe research aims to study this phenomenon for one of the vital streets of the Baghdad city center to verify the psychological, aesthetic and health dimensions, visual and environmental pollution as cognitive outputs of the phenomenon of the spread of health services and transform the streets from vital whole streets to health centers with a single use. Primary research data obtained using a questionnaire as an instrument consisting of 25 questions addressed to 20 people who have been determined according to the expertise and objects of the study. The object of research is the use of land and buildings on Al-Kindi Street in Al-Harithiya, Baghdad City. It popped up in Iraqi cities emerged because of the deterioration of the security situation, the phenomenon of changing land uses from residential to commercial, and some of them have turned into health uses in the form of individual buildings and complexes in city centers, modern urban centers, and commercial streets. Which caused distortions in the urban scene because of the lack of controls regulating these uses and contributed to the mixing of patients with citizens using these places. A difference found in the evaluation of cognitive outputs of the phenomenon of changing street uses, where the psychological dimensions got 85 percent, the health dimensions 90 percent, and the aesthetic dimensions got 40 percent. These results illustrate the dangerous dimensions of this phenomenon on the behavior and health of citizens and society
Geoelectric Method Implementation in Measuring Area Groundwater Potential: A Case Study in Barru Regency
Full text linkGeoelectric measurements to detect the presence of groundwater aquifers in the study area by knowing the type of lithology, distribution, thickness, and depth of rock layers carrying groundwater (aquifer), both vertically and laterally. The research objective is to determine the location for drilling, if later in the study area, the groundwater potential maximally utilized. In this study, the linear symmetry electrode arrangement, the Schlumberger configuration method, is used. Data collection in the field done by using a resistivity meter. The number of geoelectric points is 12 measurement points, but in the article, four geoelectric points will be discussed that can represent all the geoelectric points that contain high aquifers. The results obtained from the geoelectric measurements carried out show a shallow groundwater layer at a depth of 5.0 - 15.0 meters with an aquifer layer in the form of sandy clay (lateral weathering). Freshwater in freshwater at a depth of 25 - 150 meters following the geoelectric point of estimation with layers of sandstone aquifer and tuffaceous clay. Shallow groundwater is fresh with small productivity can be anointed with dug wells at a depth of 5 - 15 meters potential at all geoelectric points with a discharge of 1 liter/second. Then deep groundwater is of average productivity with a well drilled at a depth of 25 – 150 meters, potentially at a specific geoelectric point with a discharge of 1 – 5 liters/second
Reviewing Energy Efficiency with the Development of Luminescent Solar Panels
Full text linkAs our fossil sources of electricity reduce consistently, then looking for alternative electricity solutions turns into crucial. Solar cells often made from expensive materials, which is why much research focused on finding cheaper materials to reduce the overall cost of solar energy. Another way to overcome this problem is to use a solar concentrator - a cheaper light-absorbing material that covers a large area, which absorbs, directs, and focuses the light to a smaller area that contains actual solar cells. The interest in exploiting solar electricity for photovoltaic energy has grown dramatically in the latest years, furthermore essential improvements inside the solar cells’ efficiency with luminescent up or down converters have currently anticipated theoretically. While solar cells are still expensive, fewer of them needed to produce a certain amount of electricity because they receive more sunlight. This paper gives, in short, evaluate the usage of luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) as opportunity electricity has low fees and comfortable as compared with photovoltaic solar panels, reviewing extra benefits in actual existence applications primarily in high structures home windows and displays of electronic devices
Chemical Specifications for Raw Materials Used in The Kufa Cement Industry in Iraq
Full text linkThis paper aims to provide background information on raw materials included in the cement industry that have chemically examined. The raw materials entering the factory examined, which include stone, crude oil, iron dust, sand, and gypsum, as it found that the total carbonate ratio is 89 percent as a weight ratio and the sulfide is smaller or equal to 1 percent as a weight ratio, and the magnesium carbonate is smaller or equal to 3 percent. For iron dust with sand, the total carbonates of the mixture were smaller or equal to 85 percent, and magnesium carbonate was smaller or equal to 3 percent. Silica oxide also examined in the sand were the results of the examination were greater than 85 percent. For sulfide oxide smaller than 1 percent, as well as for iron dust, the proportion of oxide Ferric is higher than 55 percent, the percentage of alumina oxide is less than 10 percent, silica oxide is less than 20 percent, as well as for crude oil, as it contains less than 4 percent of sulfide oxide, as well as primary and secondary gypsum examination, and it found that sulfide oxide is greater than 31 percent if the gypsum is Secondary and greater than 42 percent if the gypsum is primary. Materials are non-soluble smaller than 8 percent if it was secondary gypsum and less than 5 percent if the primary gypsum. Where these models examined and analyzed, and the storage location of the models examined was determined
Process and Impact of Combustion on Cement Oxide Minerals: An Experimental Study
Full text linkThe main stages of the primary materials are that feed the furnaces to form the mineral compounds of cement, which are the stage of drying the materials from water at a temperature of 100 degree Celsius and moving to the crystallization area at a temperature of 550 degree Celsius. Thus, the free lime begins to break down the calcium carbonate by interacting with silica and clay compounds to form (C2S) at a temperature 900 degree Celsius. In the transition region at a temperature of 1260 degree Celsius begins the formation of liquid compounds (C3A, C4AF), where the formation of a compound (C2S) continues and begins to form a compound (C3S). When the temperature rises at 1450 degree Celsius, the formation of the vehicles is complete, and this depends on the quality of the blended raw materials that affect the life of the firing blocks and the fuel consumption. As for the silica coefficient, it has a major role in determining the clinker quality, as the best silica coefficient (2.7) was obtained, as well as the best coefficient of alumina (1.38), as well as obtaining the best lime saturation coefficient (0.96) and the percentage of magnesium oxide not exceeding 5 percent, thus stabilizing the ratio Magnesium oxide to form the best burning plants (108). The difference in the concentration of substances leads to an incomplete chemical reaction and this affects the size of the resulting crystals
The Cervical Cancer (CC) Epidemiology and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the Middle East
Full text linkViral infections contribute 15–20 percent of all human cancers as a cause. Oncogenic virus infection may spur various stages of carcinogenesis. For several forms for HPV, about 15 associated with cancer. Following successful test techniques, cervical cancer remains a significant public health issue. Prevalence and mortality of per geographic area of cervical cancer were vastly different. The fourth most common cause of death from cancer among women is cervical cancer (CC). Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the cervix is the most significant risk factor for forming cervical cancer. Inflammation is a host-driven defensive technique that works rapidly to stimulate the innate immune response against pathogens such as viral infections. Inflammation is advantageous if it is brief and well-controlled; however, it can cause adverse effects if the inflammation is prolonged or is chronic in duration. HPV proteins are involved in the production of chronic inflammation, both directly and indirectly. Also, the age-specific prevalence of HPV differs significantly. Two peaks of HPV positive in younger and older people have seen in various populations. A variety of research has performed worldwide on the epidemiology of HPV infection and oncogenic properties due to specific HPV genotypes. Nevertheless, there are still several countries where population-dependent incidences have not yet identified. Additionally, the methods of screening for cervical cancer differ among countries
The Impact of Soil Desalination on Reduction of Iron Concentration in Groundwater
Full text linkBrackish water is one source of clean water and drinking water in coastal areas, river estuaries, and small islands. Various studies have carried out that the use of clay can reduce minerals in the water. This research aims to find out and analyze the Cascade Aerator System and Rapid Sand Filter based on Clay in Reducing Iron Concentration in Well Water. The type of research used is experimental with a quantitative approach. In this study, the researchers used the Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The study's location was conducted on Sapuli Island in Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi Province, and Sindulang Satu Village in Manado City, Central Sulawesi Province. The study's design used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a combination of treatments that obtained 6 x 3 = 18 treatment combinations. This study's population is all well water that is in two research areas, and then the sample collection technique is used simple random sampling with 15 samples of well water. The research obtained a decrease in the maximum average iron (Fe) level obtained reached 57.27% by adding a 20-gram of clay as desalination in 10 liters of well water. The decline that occurred in the two study sites did not differ significantly. Reduction of Iron (Fe) levels through Cascade aerators and Rapid Sand Filters by adding clay as a binder due to the material of kaolin in clay