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The Selection of 1,000 Basic Words Necessary for Japanese EFL Learners
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe study examines whether a word appearing in authorized textbooks for junior and senior high school students is a high-frequency word. The data are analyzed according to the frequency, appearance in authorized textbooks, and the importance of the word. The study attempts to select 1,000 basic words thought necessary for Japanese EFL learners to acquire. The study also examines the difficulty of words around the 1,000-word level in order to clarify whether or not senior high school students actually acquire these words. Results show that there are more than 30 very high-frequency words which do not appear in any authorized textbooks for junior high school students even among the 1,000 basic words selected. On the other hand, there are more than 10 lower-frequency words which appear in all the authorized textbooks. While first-year students acquire less than half of the words in the 1,000 prescribed words, third-year students acquire more than 80 percent of them. However, even third-year students have words they do not completely acquire. I conclude that educators should recognize this gap and should encourage their students to read and listen to as much additional material as possible to have them acquire these 1,000 words.departmental bulletin pape
An examination of the characteristics of primary school children’s approach to history: Differences from teachers’ intentions
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【研究ノート】Let’s Look at Spellie : An Online Game for English Language Learners
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe popularity of the online English word game, Wordle, demonstrates a zeal for such games, and there is no shortage of similar browser-based vocabulary games. This paper examines the free, online English vocabulary game, Spellie, and its effects on English language university students. During the 2023 academic year, students at a small private university in Hiroshima, Japan trialed the game and detailed their opinions in a qualitative survey. The trial suggests that Spellie has potential to be a positive tool for vocabulary development in both an English-language classroom as well as individual study.articl
Effect of SDS on migration index of phosphorylated proteins in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)
Get PDFapplication/pdfA variety of protein-targeted studies are being conducted to gain a fundamental understanding of living systems and to elucidate the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. In such life science research fields, SDS-PAGE is widely used for protein separation and analysis. In this study, several proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE to better understand the characteristics and properties of the relationship between the molecular weight and electrophoretic migration index of proteins under various conditions. We also investigated the effect of SDS on the migration index of phosphorylated proteins, focusing on the phenomenon that the migration rate of phosphorylated proteins in SDS-PAGE is slower than that of dephosphorylated counterparts. The results revealed that the relative mobility of proteins is affected by the concentrations of the resolving gel matrix and cross-linking agent and may be also significantly affected by the addition of phosphate groups, one of the post-translational modifications. We thus concluded that it is necessary to examine the proteins under various SDS-PAGE conditions, paying close attention to these points, depending on the protein to be analyzed. Furthermore, the effect of SDS on the migration index was examined by changing the concentration of SDS in the electrophoresis sample buffer and the running buffer. The results showed that electrophoresis was inhibited to a greater extent at lower SDS concentrations in both buffers, and the relative mobility of the phosphorylated proteins was significantly smaller, but the correlation with molecular weight was also greatly disturbed. Finally, it was concluded that the influence of SDS on SDS-PAGE is enormous, and that it is extremely difficult to find the cause of the small migration index of phosphorylated proteins in SDS-PAGE by varying the concentration of SDS in the electrophoresis sample buffer and the running buffer.departmental bulletin pape
