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TomoCPT: a generalizable model for 3D particle detection and localization in cryo-electron tomograms
Full text linkCryo-electron tomography is a rapidly developing field for studying macromolecular complexes in their native environments and has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of protein function. However, fast and accurate identification of particles in cryo-tomograms is challenging and represents a significant bottleneck in downstream processes such as subtomogram averaging. Here, we present tomoCPT (Tomogram Centroid Prediction Tool), a transformer-based solution that reformulates particle detection as a centroid-prediction task using Gaussian labels. Our approach, which is built upon the SwinUNETR architecture, demonstrates superior performance compared with both conventional binary labelling strategies and template matching. We show that tomoCPT effectively generalizes to novel particle types through zero-shot inference and can be significantly enhanced through fine-tuning with limited data. The efficacy of tomoCPT is validated using three case studies: apoferritin, achieving a resolution of 3.0 Å compared with 3.3 Å using template matching, SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins on cell surfaces, yielding an 18.3 Å resolution map where template matching proved unsuccessful, and rubisco molecules within carboxysomes, reaching 8.0 Å resolution. These results demonstrate the ability of tomoCPT to handle varied scenarios, including densely packed environments and membrane-bound proteins. The implementation of the tool as a command-line program, coupled with its minimal data requirements for fine-tuning, makes it a practical solution for high-throughput cryo-ET data-processing workflows.Computation used the Oxford Biomedical Research Computing (BMRC) facility, a joint development between the Centre for Human Genetics and the Big Data Institute supported by Health Data Research UK and the National Institute for Health (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. Financial support was provided by the Wellcome Trust Core Award Grant No. 03141/Z/16/Z. The OPIC electron microscopy facility was founded by a Wellcome Trust JIF award (060208/Z/00/Z). This work was supported by the UK Medical Research Council grant to DIS (MR/N00065X/1).YesPublishe
University professors’ level of performance in the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Full text linkThe European Union is promoting digitalization as a means to increase the competitiveness of its economy and improve education systems according to new demands. As a result, universities need to take strategic action to adapt to this new reality. The purpose of this research is to measure professors' proficiency in using Artificial Intelligence (AI) by developing a valid questionnaire based on the DigCompEdu tool, which assesses AI competency. The research question aims to examine the correlation between university professors' AI performance and its impact on teaching activity. Four hypotheses are posed, two related to the learning and development of digital competencies in students and two linked to the regulatory framework and the ethical implications. All hypotheses have been confirmed, and the following conclusions have been reached. Firstly, it has been found that professors have low performance in using AI tools beyond ChatGPT or translation tools. Secondly, professors lack confidence in their AI competence when applied to teaching and research. Thirdly, educational institutions are not investing in AI training to develop the AI competence of educators. Higher education institutions have a crucial responsibility to meet the challenges and risks associated with the use of AI. They must ensure that AI is used ethically, academic integrity is maintained, and that they do not fall behind in their efforts to train professors and prepare students with the digital skills required for the job market.YesPublishe
Public Support for Pro-environment and Environment- Critical Movements
Full text linkWith environmental protests on the rise, we ask: how do they affect support for pro-environment and environment-critical movements? We answer this question using evidence from two studies—a survey experiment and media content analysis—conducted in the Netherlands, a leading country in the green transition. Our experimental findings reveal an asymmetric bias in public support for protests. For the same protest action, public support is higher for environment-critical movements compared to pro-environment ones. This bias is most pronounced among right-leaning individuals with low education and low trust in science and politics. Our content analysis traces the bias back to newspaper reporting. While attention to protest groups is balanced across tabloid and broadsheet newspapers, tabloid reporting is more negative about pro-environment movements. These results highlight an important aspect of the backlash against environmental policies: a bias against pro-environment movements within parts of the public and media.yesPublishe
Directors and decision-making in an Artificial Intelligence environment. European and Spanish comparative study
No full textLa digitalización avanza cada vez más rápido en la estructura corporativa de las sociedades de capital; la inteligencia artificial aparece en el día a día de los órganos sociales y, en concreto, del órgano de administración. Los administradores ejercen sus funciones utilizando esta inteligencia artificial en diferentes grados. Este trabajo estudia, desde un punto de vista comparado del ordenamiento jurídico español y el ordenamiento jurídico europeo, cómo la inteligencia artificial influye en los procesos de toma de decisión por los administradores. Conocida esta influencia, proponemos un protocolo a seguir cuando los administradores son asistidos por inteligencia artificial y deciden, teniendo en cuenta siempre cómo disminuir los potenciales riesgos, pero también cómo potenciar las enormes ventajas que su intervención implica.Digitalization is progressing at an increasingly rapid pace within the corporate structure of capital companies; artificial intelligence is becoming part of the daily operations of corporate bodies, particularly the directors body. Directors perform their duties using artificial intelligence to varying degrees. This paper analyzes, from a comparative perspective of the Spanish legal system and the European legal framework, how artificial intelligence influences directors’ decision-making processes. Furthermore, once this influence is understood, we propose a protocol to be followed when directors, supported and assisted by artificial intelligence, make decisions always taking into account how to minimize potential risks, but also how to enhance the significant advantages that its involvement entails.Este trabajo se realiza en el seno del Proyecto de Investigación Proyecto I+D+i Sostenibilidad corporativa y reestructuración empresarial PID2021-125466NB-I00 (financiado por MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y por FEDER, UE) y cuya Investigadora Principal es Ana Belén Campuzano LaguilloYesPublishe
Revisiting structural Lazo carpentry: geometry, mechanics, and construction
No full textThis paper explores the potential of traditional Spanish timber roofs as a structural system that blends framework carpentry with Islamic geometric patterns for contemporary construction. By integrating historical craftsmanship with modern engineering techniques, the research investigates solutions for spherical Lazo carpentry, where Lazo, or strapwork, designs fulfill both ornamental and structural roles. A key focus is the design, analysis, and fabrication of a four-meter-span Lazo pavilion, employing polyhedral projections to form modular spherical surfaces. Structural performance is evaluated through physical tests of materials and joints leading to an exploration of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the whole structure. The project also explores the construction and disassembly of the Lazo pavilion through defining the detailing of its different joints. The findings promise applications in spatial and shell structures, such as gridshells inspired by interlaced Lazo domes, providing a roadmap for designing structural Lazo discrete shells. Collaborating with architects, engineers, and master carpenters, this research enhances understanding across geometry, carpentry, structural mechanics, timber engineering, and architectural design while laying the groundwork for further exploration of this vernacular structural craft.YesPublishe
Green backlash and right-wing populism
No full textThis narrative review delves into the politics of climate policy, with specific focus on the socalled "green backlash". That is, rising resistance by voters, parties, and governments to the climate transition. We start by reviewing the literature on the political consequences of climate policies. The evidence points to a green backlash among citizens negatively affected by the decarbonization transition. Populist right forces emerge as main beneficiaries of the backlash. They tend to be more skeptical regarding anthropogenic climate change and less supportive of climate policies. Their electoral success has negative implications for countries' climate policy making and performance. Finally, we draw insights from the literature to reflect on what can be done to improve the political sustainability of climate policies.NoUnpublishe
Where to flee? Preferences for host communities among displaced people in Congo
Full text linkPrevious research has explored host communities’ attitudes toward displaced individuals, but much less is known about what displaced people seek in a host community. Understanding both perspectives is key to fostering successful local integration. We address this gap through a randomized conjoint experiment in which nearly 2,000 respondents in the Kasai region of the Democratic Republic of Congo - internally displaced persons (IDPs), returned IDPs, repatriated refugees, and members of the host community - evaluated hypothetical host communities, imagining where they would prefer to settle if forced to flee. Results indicate that, beyond safety, respondents prioritize job opportunities while also valuing social networks and political participation. Preferences are largely similar across groups. The findings suggest that the promotion of economic opportunities and inclusive governance are among the most effective strategies to create conditions conducive to local integration.YesPublishe
Mechanical Hamiltonization of unreduced φ-simple Chaplygin systems
Full text linkIn this paper, we prove that the trajectories of unreduced -simple Chaplygin kinetic systems are reparameterizations of horizontalgeodesics with respect to a modified Riemannian metric. Furthermore, our proof is constructive and these Riemannian metrics, which are not unique, are obtained explicitly in interesting examples. We also extend these results to -simple Chaplygin mechanical systems (not necessarily kinetic).The authors acknowledge financial support from Grants PID2022-137909- NB-C21, PID2022-137909-NB-C22, RED2022-134301-TD and CEX2023-001347-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. The authors are also thankful to L. García-Naranjo for some useful comments on a first version of this paper. Finally, they would like to thank the referees for their careful revision and suggestions that improved the quality of the paper and also for the insightful comments on the principal Riemannian metric that were crucial to address the examples in a direct way.YesPublishe
A Library Contribution to a Sustainable University Objectives and Thoughts
Full text linkThis document, authored by Christine Okret-Manville, outlines the contributions of the library at Université Paris Dauphine - PSL to the university's sustainability strategy for the 2024-2027 period. It highlights the library's role in supporting teaching, training, and research related to ecological and social transitions. Key initiatives include collecting and promoting student works on sustainability, supporting research projects, and developing a map of publications aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The document also discusses internal practices to enhance sustainability, such as responsible procurement, recycling, digital sobriety, and eco-responsible servicesyesPublishe
COMPETITIVE STRATEGY
Full text linkA easy to read textbook on the basic principles of strategy for master students.noUnpublishe