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The diameter of a stochastic matrix: A new measure for sensitivity analysis in Bayesian networks
No full textBayesian networks are one of the most widely used classes of probabilistic models for risk management and decision support because of their interpretability and flexibility in including heterogeneous pieces of information. In any applied modelling, it is critical to assess how robust the inferences on certain target variables are to changes in the model. In Bayesian networks, these analyses fall under the umbrella of sensitivity analysis, which is most commonly carried out by quantifying dissimilarities using Kullback-Leibler information measures. We argue that robustness methods based instead on the total variation distance provide simple and more valuable bounds on robustness to misspecification, which are both formally justifiable and transparent. We introduce a novel measure of dependence in conditional probability tables called the diameter to derive such bounds. This measure quantifies the strength of dependence between a variable and its parents. Furthermore, the diameter is a versatile measure that can be applied to a wide range of sensitivity analysis tasks. It is particularly useful for quantifying edge strength, assessing influence between pairs of variables, detecting asymmetric dependence, and amalgamating levels of variables. This flexibility makes the diameter an invaluable tool for enhancing the robustness and interpretability of Bayesian network models in applied risk management and decision support.yesPublishe
Understanding support for AI regulation: A Bayesian network perspective
Full text linkAs artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded in public and private life, understanding how citizens perceive its risks, benefits, and regulatory needs is essential. To inform ongoing regulatory efforts such as the European Union’s proposed AI Act, this study models public attitudes using Bayesian networks learned from the nationally representative 2023 German survey Current Questions on AI. The survey includes variables on AI interest, exposure, perceived threats and opportunities, awareness of EU regulation, and support for legal restrictions, along with key demographic and political indicators. We estimate probabilistic models that reveal how personal engagement and techno-optimism shape public perceptions, and how political orientation and age influence regulatory attitudes. Sobol indices and conditional inference identify belief patterns and scenario-specific responses across population profiles. We show that awareness of regulation is driven by information-seeking behavior, while support for legal requirements depends strongly on perceived policy adequacy and political alignment. Our approach offers a transparent, data-driven framework for identifying which public segments are most responsive to AI policy initiatives, providing insights to inform risk communication and governance strategies. We illustrate this through a focused analysis of support for AI regulation, quantifying the influence of political ideology, perceived risks, and regulatory awareness under different scenarios.yesPublishe
Sostenibilidad corporativa y digitalización en el ámbito de la junta general : problemática en la junta telemática
Full text linkEn este capítulo se tratan los ámbitos de la digitalización y la sostenibilidad de la junta general a raíz de las últimas modificaciones de la normativa; ventajas y desventajas de la junta híbrida telemática y exclusivamente telemática y sus consecuencias en la innovaciónyesPublishe
bnRep: A repository of Bayesian networks from the academic literature
No full textBayesian networks (BNs) are widely used for modeling complex systems with uncertainty, yet repositories of pre-built BNs remain limited. This paper introduces bnRep, an open-source R package offering a comprehensive collection of documented BNs, facilitating benchmarking, replicability, and education. With over 200 networks from academic publications, bnRep integrates seamlessly with bnlearn and other R packages, providing users with interactive tools for network exploration. The package includes a Shiny app for intuitive and interactive filtering and visualization, further enhancing accessibility for users of all expertise levels.yesPublishe
A propósito de la Sentencia “pasaportes de oro” del 29 de abril de 2025 del TJUE
No full textEste artículo analiza en profundidad la sentencia C-181/23 del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, dictada el 29 de abril de 2025, que condena a Malta por su programa de naturalización a cambio de inversiones —conocido como “pasaportes de oro”— por violar los artículos 4.3 TUE y 20 TFUE. La sentencia, impulsada por la Comisión Europea, representa un hito al ser la primera vez que se sanciona a un Estado miembro por la forma en que concede su nacionalidad. El artículo examina los fundamentos jurídicos del fallo, confronta la postura del TJUE con la opinión contraria del Abogado General Collins, y analiza las implicaciones de esta jurisprudencia para la competencia exclusiva de los Estados en materia de nacionalidad, la noción de vínculo efectivo y los límites del principio de reconocimiento mutuo. Asimismo, se interroga sobre el alcance real del principio de primacía del Derecho de la Unión y las tensiones entre soberanía nacional y solidaridad europea. En su conclusión, las autoras advierten sobre el potencial efecto expansivo de la sentencia y las incertidumbres jurídicas que deja abiertas, tanto en relación con la ciudadanía de la Unión como con el futuro del proceso de integración europea.
I.INTRODUCCIÓN. II. HECHOS Y PROCEDIMIENTOS. III. ALEGACIONES DE LAS PARTES. IV. CONCLUSIONES DEL ABOGADO GENERAL COLLINS V. DECISIÓN DE LA GRAN SALA. VI. COMENTARIO. 1 Una competencia exclusiva menguante: ¿una decisión ultra vires? 2. Confianza mutua y reconocimiento mutuo: ¿una nueva excepción a Micheletti? 3. En busca del vínculo efectivo. 3.1 Vinculo efectivo y naturalización. 3.2 Ciudadanía y valores de la Unión. VII. CONCLUSION: ALGUNAS CUESTIONES ABIERTAS. VIII. BIBLIOGRAFÍA.YesPublishe
The Early Slavs The First Centuries of Eastern Europe
No full textThis book presents an introductory and comprehensive history of the Slavic-speaking peoples who inhabited Eastern and Southern Europe during the 700-year period stretching from the first archaeological and historical records to the establishment of their first organised polities.
The book is organised thematically (social organisation, politics and government, economy, religion, culture) in order to present some of the most recent scholarly advances in a range of fields, showing new light in some historical scholarly polemics. It is a political and cultural history that incorporates recent findings in areas previously overlooked in scholarly literature, such as slavery, the role of women, the importance of Jewish communities, and the problematic relations of all these emerging polities with neighbouring empires. Instead of focusing exclusively on any specific geographic area, or dealing mainly with linguistic and cultural aspects, the book provides a much-needed overview of the origins of many modern nations in Eastern and Southern Europe.
Written in an accessible style and complete with a comparative chronology, this is a comprehensive introduction to students and researchers in the fields of history, philology, and Slavic and East European Studies.YesPublishe
Contentious Rituals and Intergroup Relations: Parading in Northern Ireland
No full textIn some divided societies, identity-based groups engage in ‘contentious rituals’, such as public parades or commemorative events, to cultivate the group’s collective social memory and build solidarity. We examine whether and how such rituals perpetuate group divisions in post-conflict societies, drawing on evidence from a case study of parading in Northern Ireland. Every year, contentious parades in this post-conflict society have the potential to raise tensions between the two major communities, Catholics and Protestants. Using a mixed-methods design, we show that parades in Northern Ireland are detrimental to intergroup attitudes. Our research design relies on compiling geolocated data on over 55,000 parades (2002–22), analyses of both nationally representative longitudinal surveys (2003–19) and an original survey fielded in 2022, and insights from qualitative fieldwork conducted during the height of the parading season in 2023.This work was supported by the Research Council of Norway (FRIPRO) (grant no. 275404) and the British Academy/Leverhulme (grant no. SRG2223\231259).YesPublishe
Ten questions concerning housing sufficiency
Full text linkHousing sufficiency is an emerging concept in the provision of environmentally sustainable housing. It aims for demand-side strategies that reduce excessive, aggregate consumption levels to promote efficient resource utilization and sustainability in the construction sector while providing everyone with a decent standard of housing. However, it is challenging to implement as it interferes with housing-related social and cultural norms. This paper poses and answers ten questions that highlight the challenges, opportunities, and examples of sufficiency strategies in the context of housing provision and the environmental crisis. Question 1 discusses the need for sufficiency as a tool to complement supply-side strategies including efficiency and renewable energy strategies in providing housing. Question 2 examines the concept of housing sufficiency from different perspectives, such as ecological economics and social ecology. Question 3 summarizes the methods used to measure housing sufficiency, with specific focus on the upper and lower limits that respect planetary boundaries and basic human needs. Questions 4 and 5 describe the benefits, potential drawbacks, and rebound effects of housing sufficiency. Questions 6 and 7 examine housing sufficiency in developed and developing countries, respectively. Questions 8 and 9 discuss design strategies, housing occupancy, and tenure models that are needed for housing sufficiency. Finally, Question 10 provides a summary of policies and regulations that are needed to systematically support the implementation of sufficiency strategies. The questions and answers provide insights for wider application of housing sufficiency in research and practice.The development of this manuscript was supported through the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada - grant number ALLRP 572373 - 22.YesPublishe
Small Acts Matter Sustainability Practices at the Central Library of Economics
Full text linkThis document, authored by Martina Petan, outlines the sustainability practices at the Central Library of Economics, presented at the EBSLG Continental Group Meeting in Madrid. It highlights the library's strategic priorities for 2023-2027, focusing on developing innovative study programs, enforcing student-centered teaching, and promoting internationalization. Key initiatives include transitioning to sustainable infrastructure, optimizing resources, and supporting staff development. The document emphasizes the importance of small acts in achieving sustainability, such as book exchanges, promoting environmental awareness, and fostering a digitally supported working environmentyesPublishe
Los administradores y su toma de decisiones en un contexto de Inteligencia Artificial. Estudio comparado europeo y español1
Full text linkLa digitalización avanza cada vez más rápido en la estructura corporativa de las sociedades de capital; la inteligencia artificial aparece en el día a día de los órganos sociales y, en concreto, del órgano de administración. Los administradores ejercen sus funciones utilizando esta inteligencia artificial en diferentes grados. Este trabajo estudia, desde un punto de vista comparado del ordenamiento jurídico español y el ordenamiento jurídico europeo, cómo la inteligencia artificial influye en los procesos de toma de decisión por los administradores. Conocida esta influencia, proponemos un protocolo a seguir cuando los administradores son asistidos por inteligencia artificial y deciden, teniendo en cuenta siempre cómo disminuir los potenciales riesgos, pero también cómo potenciar las enormes ventajas que su intervención implicayesPublishe