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Engaging Foreign Lawyers Considerations for the Spanish legal sector
Full text linkThis paper explores the regulations governing the practice of foreign lawyers in Europe, with a specific focus on Spain. Current trends in the global as well as in the Spanish legal market underscore the importance of fostering international collaboration and encouraging skilled lawyers from other jurisdictions to contribute to the local legal landscape. With the growing globalization of the profession and as demographic and technological shifts shape the legal sector, it becomes imperative to recognize the value of diverse perspectives and expertise in sustaining a dynamic legal ecosystem
Old but gold? Examining the effect of age bias in reward-based crowdfunding
Full text linkWhile age is positively related to entrepreneurial success, the prevailing stereotype favors younger entrepreneurs. To better understand how these contradictory perspectives influence funding decisions, we examine the role of age in a sample of 41,602 reward-based crowdfunding campaigns from Indiegogo. We find a negative correlation between an entrepreneur's apparent age and funding performance, indicating a preference for younger entrepreneurs. However, we also find age-based homophily where older entrepreneurs' campaigns attract older backers. Our study distinguishes between statistical and status-based discrimination to understand the multi-faceted nature of age in reward-based crowdfunding and demonstrate how investment motives mitigate and reinforce age-based discrimination.YesPublishe
Computing Statistical Moments Via Tensorization of Polynomial Chaos Expansions
Full text linkWe present an algorithm for estimating higher-order statistical moments of multidimensional functions expressed as polynomial chaos expansions (PCE). The algorithm starts by decomposing the PCE into a low-rank tensor network using a combination of tensor-train and Tucker decompositions. It then efficiently calculates the desired moments in the compressed tensor domain, leveraging the highly linear structure of the network. Using three benchmark engineering functions, we demonstrate that our approach offers substantial speed improvements over alternative algorithms while maintaining a minimal and adjustable approximation error. Additionally, our method can calculate moments even when the input variable distribution is altered, incurring only a small additional computational cost and without requiring retraining of the regressor.YesPublishe
Indicadores comentados sobre el estado del sistema educativo español 2024
Full text linkEsta décima edición dedica un capítulo especial al informe PISA y cuenta también con los comentarios de un amplio grupo de expertos que comentan aspectos significativos de nuestro sistema de educación y formación.yesPublishe
Intervenciones para reducir el consumo digital problemático
Full text linkEsta tesis examina las intervenciones para reducir el consumo digital problemático, en concreto, el uso de teléfonos inteligentes y redes sociales, y los métodos para mejorar la eficacia de las intervenciones. Los capítulos 1 y 2 presentan una intervención de doble objetivo diseñada para mantener el cambio de comportamiento después de la interrupción de los incentivos monetarios. Al incentivar la reducción de los patrones de consumo no deseados, mientras que la promoción de actividades alternativas beneficiosas, este enfoque se puso a prueba en dos estudios de campo dirigidos a los medios de comunicación social y el uso de teléfonos inteligentes. Los resultados indican que los participantes que cumplieron los objetivos fijados de forma sistemática durante el tratamiento hicieron un menor uso de las redes sociales y los teléfonos inteligentes en comparación con los que se fijaron un único objetivo de reducción del consumo. Este hallazgo ofrece a los responsables políticos una herramienta para mejorar el impacto a largo plazo de las intervenciones conductuales contra la adicción digital y tiene potencial para la aplicación de la formación de hábitos en otros dominios que se centran en el cambio de comportamiento. Además, presenta oportunidades para que los vendedores sociales introduzcan productos que ayuden en la gestión del comportamiento adictivo.
El capítulo 3 compara la eficacia de las intervenciones existentes dirigidas al uso problemático de teléfonos inteligentes y redes sociales. A través de un marco fundamentado, se sintetizan las pruebas causales de los estudios de intervención mediante modelos metaanalíticos multinivel y multivariantes. Los resultados indican que las intervenciones tuvieron un efecto entre pequeño y medio en la reducción del consumo y la mejora de las consecuencias (como la depresión, la ansiedad o la calidad del sueño). El análisis reveló heterogeneidades significativas en los tamaños del efecto, lo que sugiere que factores como la edad y el sexo pueden influir en el diseño de la intervención de manera significativa. Esta síntesis de la investigación proporciona una valiosa orientación para futuras intervenciones, haciendo hincapié en la importancia de considerar diversos factores demográficos y de estudio en la planificación y ejecución de la intervención.This dissertation examines interventions for reducing problematic digital consumption, specifically, smartphone and social media usage, and methods for enhancing interventions’ effectiveness. Chapters 1 and 2 present a dual-target intervention designed to sustain behavior change following the discontinuation of monetary incentives. By incentivizing the reduction of undesirable consumption patterns while promoting beneficial alternative activities, this approach was tested in two field studies targeting social media and smartphone usage. Results indicate that participants who met set targets consistently during treatment exhibited lower social media / smartphone usage compared to those with a single consumption reduction target. This finding offers policymakers a tool to enhance the long-term impact of behavioral interventions against digital addiction and holds potential for the application of habit formation in other domains that focus on behavior change. Additionally, it presents opportunities for social marketers to introduce products aiding in addictive behavior management.
Chapter 3 compares the effectiveness of existing interventions targeting problematic smartphone and social media use. Through a grounded framework, causal evidence from intervention studies is synthesized using multivariate, multilevel meta-analytical models. The findings indicate that interventions had a small-to-medium effect on reducing consumption and improving consequences (such as depression, anxiety, or sleep quality). The analysis revealed significant heterogeneities in effect sizes, suggesting that factors such as age and gender may influence intervention design in meaningful ways. This research synthesis provides valuable guidance for future interventions, emphasizing the importance of considering diverse demographics and study factors in intervention planning and implementation.Botti, Simona (PRESIDENTE); Zimmermann, Laura (SECRETARIO); Banerjee, Sanchayan (VOCALES
How Regulations and Consumers’ Perceptions Moderate the Impact of Airbnb on Real Estate Prices
Full text linkThe sharing economy facilitates private transactions among individuals and is thought to increase the demand for and the price of the resources transacted. This study focuses on Airbnb and real estate prices. It explores whether consumers’ perceptions, specifically about spanner hosts—firms that shift properties from the long-term rental market onto the Airbnb platform, spanning the two markets—contribute to the increase of real estate prices attributable to the sharing economy. Using longitudinal data of Airbnb hosts in 10 major U.S. cities over seven years, we discover that spanning firms (and not individuals listing only one property) are responsible for the price increase of real estate properties. We also find that this increase can be weakened by changes in consumers’ perceptions and the regulation of the sharing economy—that separate the spanner host category from other categories in the industry (e.g., the individuals listing only one property). Finally, we find that the moderating effect of regulations is associated with changes in consumers’ perceptions of the typical sharing economy host when the regulation change is discussed, not with regulation enforcement. The more consumers become aware of spanners on Airbnb, the less those spanners affect the real estate prices, even before the law is enforced.yesPublishe
Open Science Policies in the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
Full text link[No abstract available]noPublishe
Balancing Variety and Quality: Examining the Impact of Benefit-Linked Cross-Subsidization on Multisided Platforms
Full text linkMultisided platforms face a fundamental trade-off: should they ease entry for a larger number of providers of complementary products or services (complementors) to join the platform and benefit from cross-side network externalities,or should they limit entry to maintain complementors’ incentives to provide high-quality offerings? We contend that a specific cross-subsidizing pricing strategy – where the amount of subsidy to complementors is explicitly linked to the overall revenue they generate on the other side of the platform – may mitigate this trade-off. Using data from the airport industry,we demonstrate that following a reduction of airlines’ entry barriers,airports that subsidize airlines,based on the aforementioned scheme,can boost their financial performance and maintain traffic composition in favour of legacy airlines,which bring passengers who spend more in airport shops. Our findings shed light on how cross-subsidization may balance the variety and quality of complementors and their offerings on multisided platforms. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Management Studies published by Society for the Advancement of Management Studies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.yesPublishe
Regulating Algorithmic Management at Work in the European Union: Data Protection, Non-Discrimination and Collective Rights
Full text linkIn recent years, algorithmic management practices have been widely adopted by employers to monitor remote work, analyse how applicants behave during job interviews, rate workers' performance and calculate wage adjustments. As a consequence, the condition of workers being subjected to the upstream authority of managers has intensified. Employment protection legislation recognises the importance of curbing the bosses' unilateral discretionary power by deploying several controlling factors. However, the traditional guardrails have now been displaced by the transformative impetus of data-driven technologies. As a response to this challenge, several European Union law tools could be pragmatically adapted to curtail the expansion of managers' decisional leeway. By applying a multidimensional, anticipatory and participatory approach, this paper integrates substantive and procedural rules that contribute to rebalancing informational asymmetries within workplaces and assesses the effectiveness of those rules. Using examples from case law, administrative decisions and legislative developments, it also discusses the mutually reinforcing relationship between data protection provisions and anti-discrimination measures, which renders automated decisions documentable and contestable. Beyond defensive tactics, this paper calls for the involvement of worker representatives in co-designing digital human resources policies. Indeed, as data are relational, collective bodies are uniquely placed to exchange information, raise awareness and bring claims, thereby preventing algorithmic abuses.yesPublishe
Acetic acid stress response of the acidophilic sulfate reducer Acididesulfobacillus acetoxydans
Full text linkAcid mine drainage (AMD) waters are a severe environmental threat,due to their high metal content and low pH (pH <3). Current technologies treating AMD utilize neutrophilic sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRMs),but acidophilic SRM could offer advantages. As AMDs are low in organics these processes require electron donor addition,which is often incompletely oxidized into organic acids (e.g.,acetic acid). At low pH,acetic acid is undissociated and toxic to microorganisms. We investigated the stress response of the acetotrophic Acididesulfobacillus acetoxydans to acetic acid. A. acetoxydans was cultivated in bioreactors at pH 5.0 (optimum). For stress experiments,triplicate reactors were spiked until 7.5 mM of acetic acid and compared with (non-spiked) triplicate reactors for physiological,transcriptomic,and membrane lipid changes. After acetic acid spiking,the optical density initially dropped,followed by an adaptation phase during which growth resumed at a lower growth rate. Transcriptome analysis revealed a downregulation of genes involved in glutamate and aspartate synthesis following spiking. Membrane lipid analysis revealed a decrease in iso and anteiso fatty acid relative abundance; and an increase of acetyl-CoA as a fatty acid precursor. These adaptations allow A. acetoxydans to detoxify acetic acid,creating milder conditions for other microorganisms in AMD environments. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Microbiology published by Applied Microbiology International and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.This work was financed by the Soehngen Institute for Anaerobic Microbiology Gravitation Program (SIAM 024.002.002) a Gravitation Grant of the Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. We thank Iame Alves Guedes and Ton van Gelder for their technical support. We thank Lot van der Graaf for her advice on the metabolism of A. acetoxydans and Daan van Vliet for his help with transcriptomics. This work was financed by the Soehngen Institute for Anaerobic Microbiology Gravitation Program (SIAM 024.002.002) a Gravitation Grant of the Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. We thank Iame Alves Guedes and Ton van Gelder for their technical support. We thank Lot van der Graaf for her advice on the metabolism of and Daan van Vliet for his help with transcriptomics. A. acetoxydansyesPublishe