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FAIR in Practice: evaluación de los principios FAIR para datasets de Investigación
Full text linkThis content explores the practical implementation of FAIR principles—ensuring research data is findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. It outlines different levels of FAIR maturity and highlights the importance of metadata quality, licensing, and repository standards. A range of tools and platforms are presented to help researchers assess and improve the FAIRness of their datasets, including automated evaluation services and self-assessment resources. It also includes templates and guidelines for describing research data to facilitate better sharing and reuse across scientific communities.yesPublishe
Filtraciones de Datos y Contabilidad: Tres Ensayos
Full text linkThis dissertation examines key challenges in firms’ data security, focusing on board interlocks, scientific disclosures, and audit offices, through an analysis of secondary data from multiple sources.
In Chapter 1, I examine whether spillover effects of data breaches present themselves through board interlocks. In testing this, I empirically show that interlocking to previously breached firms or firms that will experience a breach, puts focal firms at a higher risk of experiencing a breach. The findings show a dark side of interlocking, and contribute to the corporate governance, spillover effects, data security, and social capital literatures.
In Chapter 2, I investigate how exposure to data breach risk affects firms’ issuance of scientific publications. In doing so, I examine how peer breaches impact firms’ publishing decisions. I argue that firms publish less to avoid signaling valuable intellectual property, revealing an indirect economic cost of data breaches. This study contributes to the literature on non-financial disclosures, and answers calls for more research on publishing incentives and non-traditional disclosures.
In Chapter 3, I move the focus to audit offices and assess the effect of audit offices’ cybersecurity experience and range of industry experiences on their clients’ breach likelihood. I find that clients are more likely to experience a breach when the audit office has had a previously breached client or will have a breached client. However, this breach likelihood is decreased when auditors have a broad industry range. This study contributes to the cybersecurity research within the auditing literature and to the literature on the effects of audit office experiences. Also, it is valuable to regulators in the public domain.
Taken together, these three chapters are relevant and timely given the increased impact and significance of data breaches. As such, these studies should have a contemporary appeal to both academics and practitioners.yesPublishe
Comunicaciones de Marca Autocríticas: Diferenciación Conceptual y Respuestas del Consumidor
Full text linkLas comunicaciones de marca han hecho hincapié tradicionalmente en los atributos positivos de los productos para fomentar una percepción favorable por parte de los consumidores. Sin embargo, una tendencia creciente en el marketing se aleja de esta norma y adopta mensajes negativos autodirigidos. Esta tesis doctoral presenta e investiga el novedoso fenómeno de las comunicaciones de marca con mensajes negativos autodirigidos (BCSNM, por sus siglas en inglés), que abarca tres estrategias distintas: el autodesprecio, la falsa modestia y los mensajes ambivalentes. A pesar de su aparente contradicción, las BCSNM ofrecen importantes oportunidades a las marcas que buscan comunicarse de forma eficaz con los consumidores y establecer relaciones sólidas.
El capítulo 1 establece un marco conceptual integral que integra las teorías psicolingüísticas con el modelo de probabilidad de elaboración (ELM). Clasifica las BCSNM en función de si son monosémicas (un solo significado) o polisémicas (múltiples significados). Utilizando el ELM, este marco explica cómo la diferente implicación de los consumidores influye en sus interpretaciones y respuestas a las BCSNM. Este capítulo aclara los procesos interpretativos que subyacen a las evaluaciones de los consumidores y propone una agenda para futuras investigaciones.
El capítulo 2 comprueba empíricamente las respuestas de los consumidores a los anuncios publicitarios autodespreciativos y a las marcas que los utilizan a través de seis estudios experimentales. Los resultados indican que, cuando el autodesprecio se centra en atributos menos críticos del producto, los consumidores perciben las marcas como más atractivas socialmente. Este mayor atractivo social mitiga el escepticismo de los consumidores, fomenta la confianza en la marca y reduce la evitación de los anuncios.
En el capítulo 3, la atención se centra en examinar las evaluaciones de los consumidores relacionadas con los productos cuando se exponen a anuncios publicitarios autodespreciativos. El capítulo postula que los mensajes autodespreciativos, que revelan deliberadamente defectos, alteran las expectativas de los consumidores y los llevan a racionalizar estas debilidades infiriendo fortalezas compensatorias en atributos no observables y relacionados con la experiencia. Cuatro estudios experimentales confirman de manera consistente que los anuncios autodespreciativos (frente a los autopromociónales) provocan inferencias más positivas y centradas en la experiencia por parte de los consumidores.
En general, esta tesis contribuye a la teoría del marketing al categorizar sistemáticamente los BCSNM y corroborar empíricamente las sutiles ventajas estratégicas del autodesprecio. Ofrece ideas prácticas para la gestión, haciendo hincapié en cómo los profesionales del marketing pueden aprovechar eficazmente la autocrítica transparente para cultivar la confianza de los consumidores, reducir el escepticismo y moldear positivamente las evaluaciones de los productos en unos mercados cada vez más escépticos.Brand communications have traditionally emphasized positive product attributes to foster favorable consumer perceptions. However, a growing trend in marketing deviates from this norm by embracing self-directed negative messaging. This dissertation introduces and investigates the novel phenomenon of Brand Communications with Self-Directed Negative Messages (BCSNMs), encompassing three distinct strategies: self-deprecation, humblebragging, and two-sided messaging. Despite their apparent counterintuitiveness, BCSNMs present significant opportunities for brands seeking to communicate effectively with consumers and build strong relationships.
Chapter 1 establishes presents a comprehensive conceptual framework integrating psycholinguistic theories with the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM). It BCSNMs based on whether they are monosemic (single meaning) or polysemous (multiple meanings). Utilizing the ELM, this framework explains how varying consumer involvement influences their interpretations and responses to BCSNMs. This chapter clarities the interpretative processes underlying consumers’ evaluations and proposes an agenda for future research.
Chapter 2 empirically tests consumer responses to self-deprecating advertisements and the brands who employ them through six experimental studies. Findings indicate that when self-deprecation targets less critical product attributes, consumers perceive brands as more socially attractive. This enhanced social attractiveness mitigates consumer skepticism, fosters brand trust, and reduces advertisement avoidance.
In Chapter 3, the focus shifts to examining consumers’ product-related evaluations when exposed to self-deprecating advertisements. The chapter posits that self-deprecating messages, deliberately disclosing flaws, disrupt consumer expectations, prompting them to rationalize these weaknesses by inferring compensatory strengths in unobservable, experience-related attributes. Four experimental studies consistently confirm that self-deprecating (vs. self-promoting) advertisements prompt more positive, experience-focused consumer inferences.
Overall, this dissertation contributes to marketing theory by systematically categorizing BCSNMs and empirically substantiating the nuanced strategic advantages of self-deprecation. It offers actionable managerial insights, emphasizing how marketers can effectively leverage transparent self-criticism to cultivate consumer trust, reduce skepticism, and positively shape product evaluations within increasingly skeptical consumer markets.Gürhan-canli, Zeynep (PRESIDENTE); Kim, Jikyung (jeanne) (SECRETARIO);
Batra, Rajeev (VOCAL
Where Does the Tail Start? Inflection Points and Maximum Curvature as Boundaries
Full text linkUnderstanding the tail behaviour of distributions is crucial in statistical theory. For instance, the tail of a distribution plays a ubiquitous role in extreme value statistics, where it is associated with the likelihood of extreme events. There are several ways to characterize the tail of a distribution based on how the tail function, (Formula presented.), behaves when (Formula presented.). However, for unimodal distributions, where does the core of the distribution end and where does the tail begin? This paper addresses this unresolved question and explores the usage of delimiting points obtained from the derivatives of the density function of continuous random variables, namely, the inflection point and the point of maximum curvature. These points are used to delimit the bulk of the distribution from its tails. We discuss the estimation of these delimiting points and compare them with other measures associated with the tail of a distribution, such as kurtosis and extreme quantiles. We derive the proposed delimiting points for several known distributions and show that it can be a reasonable criterion to define the starting point of the tail of a distribution.yesPublishe
The Ties that Bind or Those That Tear Us Apart? Co-CEO Constellations and ESG Performance in Family Firms
Full text linkWhile the prevailing perspective on executive leadership has emphasized the effectiveness of a unified command structure, family firms frequently adopt shared leadership structures, such as dyads, triads, or larger co-CEO constellations. Given the widespread use of such structures in family firms, it becomes imperative to understand how family involvement in the firm shapes the dynamics of co-CEO constellations and their implications for firm outcomes. Drawing upon the socioemotional wealth (SEW) perspective, we propose that the salience of extended SEW concerns increases the costs associated with a shared leadership structure. These elevated costs, in turn, result in adverse environmental, social, and governance (ESG) outcomes. Our empirical analysis, based on panel data from 76 Italian firms listed on the Milan Stock Exchange during 2003–2020, suggests that family firms employing a co-CEO structure tend to exhibit lower ESG performance, while a positive relationship emerges in nonfamily firms. We theorize and find empirical support that the negative effect for family firms stems from family-induced cognitive diversity, manifested via the inclusion of both family and nonfamily members or family members from different generations in the co-CEO constellation. Importantly, we identify a key mitigating factor: when one of the co-CEOs also holds the position of the board chair, the negative impact of the co-CEO structure on ESG performance is mitigated and even turns positive. These findings advance our understanding of how family involvement in the shared leadership structure shapes a firm’s ethical orientation, having important implications for the governance of family firms.Open access funding provided by Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia within the CRUI-CARE Agreement. The study was partially funded by Spanish State Research Agency (AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033) Grant No. PID2020-115982RB-C22, Marc Goergen.YesPublishe
Novel pathway of chalcopyrite formation at low temperature in microenvironments of acidic, metal-rich sediments
Full text linkChalcopyrite (CuFeS2) is the main source of copper worldwide and is usually formed at high temperature. Its occurrence at low temperature is poorly documented, and the mechanisms controlling its formation remain uncertain. We found evidences of chalcopyrite formation in acidic pit lake sediments at ~ 12 °C. Using high-resolution electron microscopy and synchrotron-based spectroscopy, we observed aggregates of nanoscale crystals with the composition and structure of disordered chalcopyrite. Laboratory incubations at 20 °C and geochemical modelling suggest that microbial activity may contribute to chalcopyrite formation under these conditions. Particularly, crystal growth was associated with hollow structures resembling microbial cell surfaces, and on the membranes of eukaryotic-like cells, providing nucleation sites. Our findings suggest that microbial processes, including the production of hydrogen sulfide and the presence of organic surfaces, promote chalcopyrite formation at low temperature. This has implications for understanding copper and sulfur cycling and its potential biotechnological application in sulfidic environments.yesPublishe
Building bridges: some notes apropos of the Spanish translation of the Model European Rules of Civil Procedure
No full textIn this article, the author discusses the challenges encountered during the translation of the European Law Institute/Unidroit Model European Rules of Civil Procedure into Spanish. This prompts some reflections on the connection between law and language, concluding that any legal translation constitutes an exercise in comparative law. https://doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unaf012YesPublishe
Untimely concordance: the discreet convergence of civil and arbitral proceedings
No full textThis chapter examines the ways in which dispute resolution mechanisms in civil and commercial matters are converging in at least two broad areas. Firstly, in the legal framework of international legal cooperation. A review of the New York Convention 1958, the Judgments Convention 2019, and the Mediation Convention 2018 reveals the emergence of an increasingly structured and coherent system of international civil justice. Secondly, the convergence is discernible in the procedural principles, laws, and practices of arbitration, litigation, and mediation. Examples of the common trends include a prudential and cooperative approach to case management, a hybrid written-oral model of witness testimony, and a system of access to evidence that is situated between the US and European traditions. Although these instances are reflected in harmonized soft law instruments such as the ALI-UNIDROIT Principles 2004, the ELI-UNIDROIT Model Rules 2020, and many others in the arbitration field, the convergence extends beyond laws to encompass the practice of international adjudication.YesPublishe
Methanotrophic Flexibility of 'Ca. Methanoperedens' and Its Interactions With Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria in the Sediment of Meromictic Lake Cadagno
Full text linkThe greenhouse gas methane is an important contributor to global warming, with freshwater sediments representing importantpotential methane sources. Anaerobic methane-oxidising archaea mitigate methane release into the atmosphere by couplingthe oxidation of methane to the reduction of extracellular electron acceptors or through interspecies electron transfer with mi-crobial partners. Understanding their metabolic flexibility and microbial interactions is crucial to assess their role in globalmethane cycling. Here, we investigated anoxic sediments of the meromictic freshwater Lake Cadagno (Switzerland), where‘Ca. Methanoperedens’ co-occur with a specific sulphate-reducing bacterium, with metagenomics and long-term incubations.Incubations were performed with different electron acceptors, revealing that manganese oxides supported highest CH4 oxida-tion potential but enriched for ‘Ca. Methanoperedens’ phylotypes that were hardly present in the inoculum. Combining datafrom the inoculum and incubations, we obtained five ‘Ca. Methanoperedens’ genomes, each harbouring different extracellularelectron transfer pathways. In a reconstructed Desulfobacterota QYQD01 genome, we observed large multi-heme cytochromes,type IV pili, and a putative loss of hydrogenases, suggesting facultative syntrophic interactions with ‘Ca. Methanoperedens’. Thisresearch deepens our understanding of the metabolic flexibility and potential interspecific interactions of ‘Ca. Methanoperedens’in freshwater lakes.This study was supported by the Dutch Research Council (NWO) through the Gravitation Grant SIAM (Grant number 024.002.002) and an NWO-VIDI Talent Grant (Grant number VI.Vidi.223.012). It was furthermore supported by the European Research Council (Grant number 854088).YesPublishe
Changes in the Turnover Ratio and Liquidity in International Equity Markets
Full text linkWe study trading over 15 years and compare trends internationally. We find European turnover has grown but less than others while turnover ratios have declined. But this decline is exaggerated in standard volume data, which focuses on primary market trading, and is comparable to other countries after adjusting the North American data. Overall, we observe a universal decrease in market turnover ratios accompanied by declining volatility; the European decline is significant, although not as large as that in the U.S. Despite the decrease in turnover ratios, lower market uncertainty and yield spreads potentially mitigate the extent of the observed decline.NoUnpublishe