PPKE Repository of Dissertations (Pázmány Péter Catholic Univ.)

Jaskóné Gácsi Mária

Thesis of Doctoral (PhD) Dissertation 
 
 
 
Mária Jaskóné Gácsi  
 
The stylist voice of János Komáromi and the possibility of the novel-form 
 
Thesis of Doctoral (PhD) Dissertation 
 
 
Supervisor: Prof. emer. dr.  Lajos Sipos CSc 
 
PPKE BTK 
Doctoral School of Literary Studies 
Head of doctoral school: Prof. dr.  László Nagy DSc 
Workshop of Modern Literary Studies 
Piliscsaba 
2013 
I. The topic and tasks of the research 
 
János Komáromi was born on 22
nd
 December in 1890 in Málca. He studied at the lyceum 
of Sárospatak between 1902 and 1910 where he gained appreciation and honor among his 
teachers and fellow students. The first milestone in his authorship was considered to start 
when his article was published in “Szövétnek” in the school-year of 1907/06. Following 
the first successful publications, “Komár” – his pseudonym meaning “mosquito” in 
Slovakian – changed his name to János Komáromi with the 11367/1908 permission of the 
Ministry of Internal Affairs. He became a member, then the scrivener, and finally the 
junior president of the Lyceum of Sárospatak Transylvania Self-developing Course and 
Lyceum Shorthand-Writer Group. In 1910 he completed the maturity exam successfully 
and travelled to Pest to study law. Being a jurist was only an excuse, he never finished 
law school, wanted to become a journalist. He was in his second year when he visited 
Jenő Rákosi, the editor in chief of the paper called “Budapesti Hírlap”. He started his 
career as an author in 1911 at “Budapesti Hírlap”. He served at the kaiserjäger regiment 
from 1912 in Bozen for a year. At the dawn of the war the Tirol legion was called on 
duty, and Komáromi joined the fight as well. He was badly injured at Maskow, not far 
from Krakow, and was not able to take part in the war anymore. After his recovery he 
was chosen to be a Hungarian lecturer at the press department of the Ministry of War in 
Wien. 
His first work, “The departure of Koczák” was published in 1914 in “Budapesti Hírlap”. 
Shortly he was said to be one of the most popular novelist. He became the member of  the 
editor group of “Új Nemzedék”. After he left “Új Nemzedék”, he joined “Magyarság” – 
which was created in 1920 – and stayed there in his whole life. His articles started to 
draw the readers’ attention. His works were published even in “Napkelet”, edited by 
Cécile Tormay. He worked with great belief and diligence. The real fame was earned by 
“Why are you sad bakerman?” (1915), after which he started to write his novels and short 
stories without any break: “András Csanak in Wien”(1916), “Tilinkó” (1917), “Summer 
has passed”(1919), “The Round-Up” (1928) and “Ragged Guards”. He joined the Petőfi 
Association in 1921 and was also asked to fulfill the caretaker obligations of the Petőfi 
House – so he moved in there in Bajza street in December 1922. This period was calm 
and quiet, he was able to write piece after the other: “Silver firs in the wind”,” Tamás 
Esze, the colonel of the barefooted”,” The old lover”, “Rustling of pines”, “Vidróczky”, 
“Hé kozaken!”, “Students of Patak”, “The foreign girl”. “Rustling of pines” was 
published as “Teri” in Wien. “Hé Kosaken” was also published, in more than twenty 
thousand copies. His works were translated to English, German and Polish as well.  
The works of Komáromi János were presented in “Új Idők”, “Napkelet”, “Magyarság” 
and “Budapesti Hírlap”. Several daily papers featured his novels in episodes: “Stem-
student” in “Déli Hírlap” of Timisoara, “Summer is gone” in the “Erdélyi Helikon”. For 
the twenty-fifth anniversary of his authorship, special editions were issued of his already 
published writings. 
 
II. Approach and method 
 
From the 1980s a growing demand emerged for light and well-written literature.  As a 
feature of this tendency, new works of Ferenc Herczeg, Lajos Zilahy, Miklós Surányi, 
Cécile Tormay, Lola Kosáryné Réz, Margit Bozzay és Irén P. Gulácsy were born. The 
public interest turned towards the popular writer of the Interbellum, the member of – the 
paper created as a counterpart of “Nyugat” – “Napkelet”, the author of “Emperal and 
Royal nice days” – which was on the top of the best seller lists –, János Komáromi. There 
were other facilitators of his emerging central position; the growing interest towards the 
interwar literature and the curiosity towards social-political events of the era. The most 
important factor, however, was the spread of the “mass literature”, the light fiction, not 
only in Hungary, but in other countries as well. 
All these still do not provide the real reason of dealing with the work of János Komáromi. 
The main motivation was the intention of getting to know the era the most and also the 
literature embracing the elite culture. The real reason is the demonstration of how 
different genres appeared in this cultural atmosphere, and what was kept from the 
European and Hungarian traditions of historical and social novels. The presentation of the 
Hungarian cultural superiority and the traditional, heroic and nationalist moral values 
were expected from the first novel-group, while the second one was hoped to deal with 
the victory of the “good” that resolves social conflicts which had been already depicted in 
the works of the above mentioned authors. All these components could be found in the 
writings of Komáromi, this served as a base of his popularity, moreover, his style also 
represents the main values of the genre.  The canonization of Komáromi’s writings was 
defined by the reviews made in this theoretical area. 
 
 
III. Conclusion 
 
 
The dissertation summarizes the changes regarding novel-poetics in post-modernism and 
presents the novel-typological forms appearing in the oeuvre of János Komáromi. In the 
next chapters it interprets the characteristics of the historical novel, the relation of fiction 
and “reality-referentiality”, and the presence of the typical ideology of the era in “Tamás 
Esze, the colonel of the barefooted”.  
Komáromi often used the technique of detailed description . Besides the bloody fights and 
movements of peasant life, the topic of fictious love also gains importance. The story of 
the events and the narrations are created in such communicational situations where the 
internal changes of the characters become recognizable from the dialogues. The readers’ 
reaction is understandable, the chain of events is refreshing and overwhelming. No 
special individuum is given by the typical discourses of the characters: the historical 
effect, the anecdotic humour and the writer’s imagination is expressed in romantic 
exaggerations. “The ay of description in Komáromi’s novels is always more powerful 
than what he told us about the world, life of his heroes.  His touching sentimentality, 
reminding voice and virtuoso, heated Hungarianism could prevail in the recollection of 
the past” (SCHÖPFLIN Aladár, A magyar irodalom a XX. Században [Hungarian 
Literature in the XX century] , Bp., Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1990, 363.). His eventful, 
adventurous storytelling never lacks the accurate observation of reality and the 
exhaustive manner of presentation. He thoroughly analyzes the usual and special 
attributes of his heroes and intentionally directs the statement of facts towards natural 
representation through taking hold of emotions. The first level of meaning is extended 
with personifications and simple metaphors. The narration and discourses in the story 
description however do not create the illusions of recovering the big truths of life – as we 
see it in the writings of Móricz, Dezső Szabó or Margit Kaffka. According to Aladár 
Schöpflin Komáromi lived in the past, he did not react to the developments of his own 
era. He did not try to understand the present or the true and real alternatives of that time. 
He just intended to be a popular, well-known writer. 
Komáromi has established fictional space and time with the help of autobiographical 
elements in his novel “Students of Patak”. He considered his passed life more of „raw 
material” than a starting point. The work, from the point  of view that it is placed in the 
Upper-Tisza region, in the embrace of the mountains of Zemplén, is location bound. As 
described by Sándor Márai in his work “The Writers of the Highlands”, he is a stubborn 
and fierce patriot. „He is drawn back to his birthplace, to the scene of his childhood by 
curiosity, worry and the urge of reminiscion.” (MÁRAI Sándor, A felvidék írói [The 
Writers of the Highlands] , Kisfaludy Társaság Évlapjai. Új Folyam. 60. kötet. 254 -257.) 
The fictional time is approximately the same as the first part of his life, and is 
characterized by retrospective and synchronic narration. 
For the interpretation I have used the manuscript of the novel. From this the writer’s 
creative method can be reconstructed. The attached partial manuscript and the synoptic 
version of some pages gives the reader a glance of the process of creation. The letters 
exchanged between Komáromi and his former teacher, István Harsányi also provides 
useful information. The pertinent parts of the manuscript legacy are published for the first 
time. 
In the first part of 20th century, the main object of the Hungarian novel was „the 
recording of the knowledge of the world in a unified frame”. László Németh, Zsigmond 
Móricz and Sándor Márai believed in this opportunity. (OLASZ Sándor, A regény 
metamorfózisa a 20. század regényirodalmában[Novel metamorphosis in the XX century 
novel literature], Bp., Nemzeti Tankönyvkiadó, 1997, 8.) First off, Komáromi’s intention 
was „recording”, and also – in his historical novel – he used elements of the epic, the 
archetype of the genre. This text structure shows some special traits also; it differ s from 
this type of the visualization of these traits. (Vö. BAHTYIN Mihail, Az eposz és a 
regény. A regény kutatásának metodológiájáról  [The epic and the novel. About the 
methodology of novel research], Literatura, 1995. 4. sz. 331., 334-335). Komáromi’s 
works – according to Viktor Žmegač’s conceptual system – are leaning towards globality. 
János Komáromi’s two novels in focus „simulate real value relations” and „this era brings 
the development of a relatively big number of reading public”. (IMRE László, Műfajok 
létformája [Forms of genres], Debrecen, Kossuth Egyetemi Kiadó, 1996, 38.)  
 
Publications in the relevant topic: 
 
„… Élni fogtok, mindig élni, pataki diákok, amíg merész dalaitok élnek!”  (“…You will 
live, always live, students of Patak, until your virtuous songs are sung!”) János 
Komáromi: short analysis of the novel “Students of Patak”, Széphalom 19. Yearbook of 
Ferenc Kazinczy Association, Sátoraljaújhely, 2009. 470-475.  
 
A kamaszkor válságainak tükröződése a XX. század egyik írójának tollából. Gondolatok 
Komáromi János írói világáról. (Reflections of the crisis of teenage years from the pen of 
a XX century writer. Thoughts about the stylist world of János Komáromi) Péter 
Pázmány Chatolic University János Vitéz Facutly, „Innováció és felsőoktatás” 
(Innovation and higher education) scientific conference booklet  ISBN: 978-963-7291-27-
2, Esztergom, 2009. 89-96. 
 
Valóban soviniszta, irredenta volt a „zempléni tárogatós?” (Was the tárogató of Zemplén 
really chauvinist and irredenta?) János Selye University II. International Conference 
essay booklet ISBN 978-80-8122-008-1, 2010. 526-538.  
 
The folklore world of János Komáromi. AGRIA, 2011/2. 215-222. 
 


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