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持続可能な観光地域社会の形成のための人流分析
Full text link本論文は，平常時や災害時における住民と観光客の行動から地域に与える効果や影響を定量化する指標を構築・適用することで，持続可能な観光地域社会の形成に向けた観光地マネジメント方策について論じたものであり，全7章で構成されている．
第1章「序論」では，持続可能性や観光地域社会の言葉を定義し，持続可能な観光地域社会の形成に向けて環境・経済・社会の3つのバランスを図りながら．災害に対して強靭なまちづくりを行う必要性について論じており，本研究で行った4つの分析を行う意義について述べている．
第2章「既往研究のレビューと本研究の位置づけ」では，多分野で活用が進んでいる人流ビッグデータを活用した研究事例をレビューし，本研究の位置づけを明らかにする．
第3章「都市圏におけるシェアリングモビリティの需要予測分析」では，パーソントリップ調査の調査範囲である沖縄本島中南部都市圏を対象に，渋滞緩和や環境負荷の低減の一助として活用が期待されているシェアサイクルの利用実態の把握を行った．利用実績と社会統計資料などから自転車の需要予測モデルを構築することで，従来のポート配置計画と異なる利用特性があることを明らかにしている．
第4章「まちの賑わいに関する分析」では，近年賑わいの低下が指摘されている那覇市中心市街地を対象に，活性化施策の効果計測を行うために評価指標を構築した．Wi-Fiパケットセンサーによる人流分析結果を適用することでコロナウイルス感染症流行前後における地域の現状を明らかにし，狭域なスケールにおける人々の行動実態や活性化施策の評価を定量的・継続的にモニタリングする手法として適用可能であることを示している．
第5章「離島周遊観光分析」では，世界自然遺産登録された西表石垣国立公園を含む沖縄県八重山地域を対象に，オーバーツーリズムなどの観光公害をはじめ，都市部よりも影響の大きい島嶼地域における観光客の離島周遊行動を明らかにしている．その上で，島の経済効果や自然環境への影響などをトラベルコスト法の考え方を援用し，離島滞在時間を用いて評価を行うことで，離島の観光特性や滞在日数に応じて影響度が異なることを示している．また，行動実態の把握が困難な外国人観光客を対象に，ウェブスクレイピングにより得られた観光情報とWi-Fiパケットセンサーで観測した観光行動との関連について分析することで，国籍や一次交通手段によって行動への影響度が異なることを示し，これらの結果が新たな観光管理計画や観光プロモーションを実施するための重要なデータとなることを示している．
第6章「島嶼観光地における災害リスクの評価」では，住民と観光客の時空間的な重なり合いや避難シミュレーションから評価を行った．まず，沖縄県石垣市と宮古島市を対象に，住民と観光客の滞留人口の分布から住民による観光客への避難支援が困難な地域を明らかにした．また，石垣市の被災リスクが高いことから，市街地における避難行動分析結果に基づき，避難経路の重要性の観点から無電柱化優先度についての検討を行っている．
第7章は結論であり，本論文で得られた成果を要約し，今後の展望について整理している．博士（工学）琉球大学University of the Ryukyu
統合失調症と大腿骨頚部骨折転位との関連性：横断的後方視的研究
Full text linkAim: Fracture‐related femoral neck displacement is more likely in patients with schizophrenia because of delayed diagnosis, as these patients frequently have less severe fracture‐associated subjective symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the association of schizophrenia with the risk of fracture‐related femoral neck displacement in hospitalized patients.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with femoral neck fractures treated between April 2013 and March 2018 at a single institution. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between schizophrenia and fracture‐related femoral neck displacement after adjusting for risk factors.
Results: We compared 30 and 194 patients with and without schizophrenia, respectively. The prevalence of fracture‐related displacement was 80.0% in patients with schizophrenia and 62.4% in the controls (p = 0.06). After adjusting for confounding variables, schizophrenia significantly correlated with fracture‐related femoral neck displacement (odds ratio: 4.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.09–20.60, p = 0.0378).
Conclusions: Schizophrenia is associated with a higher risk of severe femoral neck fracture. To improve outcomes and alleviate the societal burden of femoral neck fractures, early radiographic assessment and surgical intervention for femoral fractures are essential for patients with schizophrenia, even in those without pain symptoms.博士（医学）琉球大学University of the Ryukyu
ミクロネシア小島嶼開発途上国における新型コロナ感染症対策に関する学校保健関連政策とその実施に関する多国間比較ケーススタディ
Full text linkIntroduction: The COVID-19 pandemic caused school closures and a rise in non-communicable diseases including mental illness among school children worldwide. The Pacific Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) were also affected, but school health activities, which can effectively reduce negative effects of COVID-19, were not widely implemented compared to other Asia-Pacific countries. This study examined current school health implementation and related policies at national, local, and school levels in the Micronesia SIDS according to phases of COVID-19 control.
Methods: Multi-country case study targeted the Federated States of Micronesia [FSM], Republic of the Marshall Islands [RMI], and Republic of Palau [ROP]. These studies focused on school health implementation periods according to the PPR (Prevention, Preparedness, and Response) concept: Phase #1: prevention/preparedness, #2: early phase response, and #3: chronic phase response/recovery phase. Data were collected through policy document reviews that identified school health policies related to COVID-19 controls in the three phases and key informant interviews (KIIs) with 44 key informants (FSM, n=14; RMI, n=18; ROP, n=12) whose work related to school health. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis methods according to the conceptual framework in this study.
Results: This study identified three factors of school health implementation related to COVID-19
controls: promotion of decentralized education (FSM), implementation of COVID-19 controls in the school community (RMI), and disaster management for the protection of students including response to infectious disease (ROP). In Phase #1, no country had established a school health policy. In Phase #2, three enablers were identified in FSM and ROP, as reflected in COVID-19 controls by the education and health sectors. In Phase #3, RMI implemented COVID-19 controls in the school community. Documents on youth policy and disaster management in ROP were updated to reflect the chronic phase response and response to future public health crises.
Conclusions: This study found that decentralization is one of factor for the COVID-19 control measures in educational institutions, underscoring the necessity for coordinated national and local efforts. Furthermore, this study highlighted that the role of private sector in the Pacific Islands during the COVIID-19 pandemic, with a particular enhancing accessibility to education and healthcare across in limited resources setting. A further study would be required to assess the efficacy of hygiene and disaster education in the main islands and remote islands in preparation for the next public health crisis.博士（保健学）琉球大学University of the Ryukyu
琉球列島における熱帯起源のヤモリ類の低温耐性 : 変異パターンと要因
Full text linkJanzen’s hypothesis predicts that species with tropical origin should have narrower thermal niche. However, more and more empirical evidence suggested tropical species can adjust their thermal physiological traits when they invaded into temperate areas. We use common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus), one of the most successful colonizers among squamates as a model species to (1) examine the variation in cold tolerance among latitude gradient and putative habitat differences (2) identify the mechanism responsible for the difference in cold tolerance of H. frenatus to explain its rapid range expansion at its northern edge populations. In addition, we utilize comparative research to investigate the effect of latitudinal differences in variation of cold tolerance for all tropical origin species in the Ryukyu Archipelago. Our results showed population of H. frenatus in higher latitude populations tended to have lower CTmin, but the lowest CTmin was found in the rural population of Okinawajima instead of the northernmost Amamioshima, even though weather on the latter island is apparently colder than that of the former. Meteorological data also showed an increase in temperature on all three islands. These results suggest that the recent range expansion at the northern edge of this species is chiefly attributable to climate change, but the significant geographic difference in cold tolerance suggests a contribution from local adaptation as well. We also found both acclimation and local adaptation cofounded the difference in cold tolerance of H. frenatus within small geographical scale. As for the results of comparative research on variation in cold tolerance between different tropical origin gekkonid species along latitudinal gradient, our results showed only H. frenatus has the tendency to increase cold tolerance along latitudinal gradient. The lack of latitudinal variation of G. mutilata may resulted from thermoregulatory behavior (Bogert’s effect). Lepidodactylus lugubris as one of the true parthenogenetic species, showed lack of latitudinal variation in cold tolerance. However, there is tendency of having slightly higher variance in CTmin in Okinawajima which may results from plasticity response to the thermal environment in Okinawajijma. Comparative studies allow us to examine the overall variation in thermal traits of organisms simultaneously, then extrapolate the possible mechanism for further examination. Our research set up the first step to the roadmap of understanding how tropical origin gekkonid species survive after invading into temperate region.博士（学術）琉球大学University of the Ryukyu
喉頭再建手術における超高精細CTの有用性
Full text linkObjective: Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) presents as incomplete glottal closure and leads to breathy hoarseness. Various treatments, including laryngeal framework surgery (type 1 thyroplasty [TP1] and arytenoid adduction [AA]), have been devised to correct this condition. Ultrahigh-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) allows detailed three-dimensional imaging of the larynx, which aids our understanding of vocal fold motion disorders. This study assessed whether U-HRCT is beneficial for correct diagnosis and surgical planning.
Methods: The participants were 26 UVFP patients who underwent laryngeal framework surgery (TP1 and/or AA). U-HRCT was used to measure the vocal fold volume (VFV) and level difference (LD). The need to combine AA with TP1 to obtain satisfactory surgical outcomes was evaluated by U-HRCT and various voice function tests.
Results: VFV was smaller in paralyzed folds than in unaffected folds. LD correlated strongly with voice parameters and showed high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. The surgical outcome of the laryngeal framework surgery performed was judged to be excellent for improving voice function. Comparison of LD between the TP1 group and TP1 + AA group indicated that LD is an excellent parameter to determine the need to combine AA with TP1.
Conclusion: These findings underscore the value of preoperative U-HRCT, especially LD, in surgical decision-making and afford insights for optimal phonosurgery and individualized intervention. Patients with LD >1.0 mm may benefit from thyroplasty with AA.博士（医学）琉球大学University of the Ryukyu
フォークト･小柳･原田病における強膜厚変化
Full text linkPurpose: To evaluate changes in scleral thickness in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease.
Methods: This study included 34 eyes of 17 treatment-naïve patients with acute-phase VKH disease. Scleral thickness and the presence of ciliochoroidal effusion were examined using anterior segment optical coherence tomography at baseline and 1 week, 2 weeks, and 12 weeks after the start of corticosteroid treatment. Scleral thickness was measured 6 mm posterior to the scleral spur in four directions.
Results: Twenty-eight eyes (82.4%) initially had ciliochoroidal effusion, but this rapidly decreased to nine eyes (26.5%) after 1 week. The sclera with ciliochoroidal effusion became thinner from baseline to 1 week at the superior (400.2 6 46.9–353.5 6 47.9 mm), temporal (428.4 6 53.6–387.8 6 56.1 mm), inferior (451.5 6 71.0–400.5 6 50.5 mm), and nasal (452.4 6 78.0–407.6 6 62.9 mm) points (P , 0.01 for all), and no further changes were observed. The sclera without ciliochoroidal effusion remained unchanged.
Conclusion: In VKH disease, eyes with ciliochoroidal effusion exhibited the maximum scleral thickness during the acute phase. This thickening responded rapidly to treatment and became thinner within 1 week. Inflammation in VKH disease may affect not only the choroid but also the sclera.博士（医学）琉球大学University of the Ryukyu
琉球大学カーボンニュートラルロードマップ
Full text linkカーボンニュートラルを推進するため、社会が変化する要因·兆しを広く捉えながら、具体的なアクション·施策を発想する場を設け、本業務を受注したファシリテーター進行のもと、本学のカーボンニュートラルに関心のある学生·教職員及びCN推進部門メンバーを交えたワークショップを開催し、2050年へ向けたカーボンニュートラロードマップを策定しました !
⽇本産ヤモリ属(爬⾍綱：有鱗⽬)の⾃然交雑と隔離機構に関する研究
No full textEight species of the genus Gekko are known from Japan. Among these, nine combinations of seven species have come into contact, and four pairs are known to hybridize. The species pair, G. hokouensis × G. yakuensis, is highly introgressive, raising conservation concerns for genetic contamination. Additionally, the artificial introductions of a few Gekko species are promoting their secondary contacts with native congeneric species, and investigating their hybridizations is important to evaluate the impact of hybridization on the native species. On the other hand, multiple secondary contacts between the species provide an opportunity to examine isolation mechanisms between the species. In this study, I aimed (1) to assess the detrimental effect of hybridization on the native Gekko species and (2) to clarify the relationship between characteristics of natural hybridizations and isolation mechanisms in Japanese Gekko species. First, I developed microsatellite (MS) markers to assess hybridizations between Gekko species in Japan. I designed 47 primer pairs using the sequences of G. hokouensis and tested the stability of PCR amplification using four Gekko species. The results showed that 14 loci were useful to examine hybridizations of two pairs of species (G. hokouensis × G. yakuensis and G. japonicus × G. tawaensis). Secondly, I investigated the hybridization status between G. hokouensis and G. yakuensis using the above MS markers. My population genetic analyses based on the MS markers and mtDNA markers and comparisons with allozyme data collected 18 years ago indicated that G. hokouensis expanded its range and replaced hybrids and G. yakuensis. Genetic introgression was skewed toward G. hokouensis, and this is attributable to hybridizations at the invasion front of G. hokouensis and subsequent population growth. Thirdly, I conducted a comprehensive investigation of natural hybridizations among Gekko species in Japan and clarified the roles of premating isolation by courtship calls and postmating isolation by genetic divergence. A recent behavioral study suggested that males’ courtship calls work as premating isolation for some species but not for others, causing hybridizations. I investigated hybridizations between eight pairs of seven Gekko species, and my population genetic analyses based on MS markers and past allozyme data newly detected hybridizations between two pairs of three species, in which males’ calls are considered to work as premating isolation. The frequency of hybrids between species was negatively correlated with genetic distance, suggesting a progressive development of postmating isolation with genetic divergence in this group. The contribution of the call type to the presence or absence of hybridization was not fully supported in the statistical modeling. I discuss the possible cause of the latter result.博士（理学）琉球大学University of the Ryukyu
沖縄島のサンゴ礁浅海域に生息するソフトコーラル(八放サンゴ綱)の生態学的研究
Full text linkCoral reefs are geological structures that contain very high biodiversity and provide numerous ecosystem services. However, despite their ecological and economic importance, they are under threat by different disturbances, including both anthropogenic and climate-driven disturbances. These disturbances have also triggered major changes in coral reef communities, such as decreased scleractinian cover, which lead to the dominance of non-reef forming taxa. One of these alternative state groups are soft corals, which are also known to be major components of Indo-Pacific coral reefs. However, despite their dominance, and ecological and potential economic importance, different aspects about their diversity and ecology are still understudied in many parts of the world. In this thesis, different aspects about the ecology of soft corals have been studied in the shallow coral reefs of Okinawa Island. First, coral reef surveys were conducted to identify the spatial patterns of soft coral assemblages in the island. The results mainly highlight the dominance of sarcophytid soft corals in sites categorized to have high anthropogenic disturbance, while hard corals dominated in sites categorized to be relatively pristine. Second, the relationship of soft corals and reef fishes was explored. The results highlight different behaviours of reef fishes in relation to soft corals and the significant influence of soft coral cover to the composition of reef fish assemblages, as well as lower abundance and species richness of reef fishes in sites dominated by soft corals, while these variables were higher in hard coral-dominated sites. Generalized linear models also highlight the negative relationship of soft coral cover to the abundance of reef fishes, while hard corals had positive relationships with these fish assemblage variables. Next, shelter capacity of different soft coral morphotypes and reefs with varying levels of soft coral dominance were measured using structure from motion photogrammetric 3D modelling. This highlights the similar shelter capacity provided by soft corals and soft coral-dominated reefs to hard corals and hard coral-dominated reefs in Okinawa Island. Lastly, the responses of soft corals to the 2024 bleaching event were monitored. Results highlight the high mortality of soft and hard corals in the reef flats of Okinawa Island. The results also highlight different responses among different soft coral groups, including intrageneric differences. Overall, this thesis provides new information on different aspects of the ecology of soft corals, including how they may affect coral reef community structure in general, and their potential as habitats for different organisms. Information from this thesis should also be useful for coral reef management, as these are critical for predictions on the future state of coral reefs as climate-driven and local pressures continue to increase.博士（学術）琉球大学University of the Ryukyu