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Quantitative methods for agri-food supply chain resilience: a systematic literature review using text mining
No full text11th IFAC Conference on Manufacturing Modelling, Management and Control MIM 2025: 30 June – 3 July 2025, Trondheim, NorwayAgri-food Supply Chains (AFSCs) face increasing disruptions from natural disasters, pandemics, and economic crises, necessitating robust quantitative analysis for resilience. This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using text mining and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to identify six key research themes, including risk management, pandemic effects, simulation-based resilience, climate change, market price volatility, and optimization models. Findings reveal that multi-criteria decision-making, simulation, optimization, and machine learning are widely used, yet gaps remain in Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven risk prediction, real-time data integration, and adaptive decision-making. This review offers insights for researchers and practitioners, emphasizing the need for AI, digital twins, and blockchain to enhance AFSC resilience.IFAC-PapersOnLin
Unmanned aerial vehicle-based cyberattacks on microgrids
No full textThe increasing reliance on Networked Microgrids (NMGs) for decentralized energy management introduces unprecedented cybersecurity risks, particularly in the context of False Data Injection Attacks (FDIA). While traditional FDIA studies have primarily focused on network-based intrusions, this work explores a novel cyber-physical attack vector leveraging Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to execute sophisticated cyberattacks on microgrid operations. UAVs, equipped with communication jamming and data spoofing capabilities, can dynamically infiltrate microgrid communication networks, manipulate sensor data, and compromise power system stability. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization framework for UAV-assisted FDIA, incorporating Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III) to maximize attack duration, disruption impact, stealth, and energy efficiency. A comprehensive mathematical model is formulated to capture the intricate interplay between UAV operational constraints, cyberattack execution, and microgrid vulnerabilities. The model integrates flight path optimization, energy consumption constraints, signal interference effects, and adaptive attack strategies, ensuring that UAVs can sustain long-duration cyberattacks while minimizing detection risk. Results indicate that UAV-assisted cyberattacks can induce power imbalances of up to 15%, increase operational costs by 30%, and cause voltage deviations exceeding 0.10 p.u.. Furthermore, analysis of attack success rates vs. detection mechanisms highlights the limitations of conventional rule-based anomaly detection, reinforcing the need for adaptive AI-driven cybersecurity defenses. The findings underscore the urgent necessity for advanced intrusion detection systems, UAV tracking technologies, and resilient microgrid architectures to mitigate the risks posed by airborne cyber threats.The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by Ongoing Research Funding Program, (ORF-2026-635), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaIEEE Transactions on Industry Application
Evaluating Cryptosporidium oocyst removal in SSF: impact of underwater skimming and dry skimming
No full textCryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that presents significant challenges to water supply security due to its resilience against conventional chemical disinfection. This study evaluates the effectiveness of two slow sand filter (SSF) skimming techniques-dry skimming (DS) and underwater skimming (UWS), in removing Cryptosporidium oocysts under pilot-scale conditions using 10 filters. Oocyst retention was monitored during dosing, post-dosing, and following the skimming event. Results demonstrated that UWS achieved superior pathogen removal, evidenced by fewer oocyst breakthroughs and higher cumulative log retention values (cLRtVs). During dosing, UWS filters attained cLRtVs consistently exceeding 6.6, whereas DS filters averaged 5.6. In the post-dosing period, UWS retained cLRtVs above 6.9, while DS averaged 5.9. A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) indicated a substantially lower probability of illness from oocyst breakthrough in UWS-treated water, with a daily risk of ∼2.6 × 10^-6 for immunocompetent individuals, compared to up to 8.2 × 10^-6 in DS-treated water, equating to a 3.2-fold risk reduction. These findings highlight that the UWS maintenance technique enhances SSF operation by improving pathogen retention while enabling minimal filter downtime, thereby contributing to improved water safety and public health protection. The work also provides novel empirical data and theoretical predictions regarding the potential risk of Cryptosporidium penetration or compromised water quality arising from the routine requirement to skim SSFs.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), through PhD award to Sophie Bretagne (EP/T518104/1)Thames WaterJournal of Environmental Managemen
Tungsten inert gas welding research trends: a 60-year bibliometric analysis using Vosviewer and Biblioshiny
No full textTungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding constitutes a key process in the fabrication of welded structures, with widespread application across various sectors of modern industry. It continues to be the subject of extensive research due to its technical advantages and versatility. However, despite its industrial importance, TIG welding has not yet been the focus of a comprehensive bibliographic review. Therefore, the objective of this study is not only to present the current state of knowledge but also to identify key process directions and emerging research trends through a bibliometric analysis of 8,789 publications indexed in Web of Science. The analyses were performed mainly in VOSviewer 1.6.20 and Biblioshiny tools, determining the networks of connections between bibliometric entities: keywords, journals, authors, countries, and funding agencies. The analysis results were used to illustrate the dynamics of research topics over a 60-year publication history on the TIG process. Current research trends include, among others, the advancement of TIG welding variants to improve process efficiency, the application of artificial intelligence, the application of optimization methods, and deep learning. The most urgent research needs involve determining the weldability of special metals, assessing the environmental degradation of TIG-welded joints, and applying data mining techniques for the optimization of the TIG process. The study may serve as an objective, comprehensive, and author-unbiased complement to traditional systematic review articles on TIG welding and related processes.Advances in Materials Scienc
A new body force-based modelling approach for turbomachinery aerodynamics: formulation, verification and implementation aspects
No full textCopyright © 2025 by Rolls-Royce plc.Modelling of turbomachinery flows typically entails singlepassage or full annulus RANS and uRANS simulations. The computational and numerical stability challenges associated primarily with transient simulations of multi-stage and coupled turbo-machinery components may offset their accuracy benefits. Body force modelling provides a reasonable trade-off between computational efficiency and accuracy, replacing the turbomachinery component with a body force field. In the present work, a new body force-based modelling approach is presented, comprising body force-relevant grids, an inviscid compressible solver in the relative frame of reference with metal and aerodynamic blockage and a new body force model comprising a base turning, correction and viscous force component. Distribution coefficients are introduced, mathematically replicating the spatial distribution of key quantities such as loss and flow deviation using custom functions or CFD data. The proposed approach is sufficiently comprehensive to enable its applicability to all types of compressor and potentially turbine blades, while minimising dependence on CFD input. The validity and limitations of the proposed approach are assessed through numerical response test cases. Subsidiary force components and loss mechanisms, associated with abrupt flow turning and blockage effects are captured. Considerations and modelling aspects regarding grid sensitivity, blockage, the solver and the effect of distribution coefficients on compressor performance are analysed and quantified. Limitations associated with the grid topology, body forces and blockage modelling are partially or fully addressed. The paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis in fundamental aspects of body force modelling approaches, while unveiling obscure aspects and limitations underpinning most body force modelling approaches. A new approach is proposed to mitigate the shortcomings of previous methods.The authors would like to thank Rolls-Royce plc. for supporting this work.ASME Turbo Expo 2025: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Expositio
Evaluating the scope of peer review in digital Forensics: insights from Norway and the U.K.
Get PDFThis paper investigates the implementation and utilisation of peer review practices in digital forensics (DF) within Norway and the U.K. Through a comprehensive survey of 113 DF practitioners and managers, we explore the extent to which peer review is integrated into DF investigations and the variations in practices between these two countries. Our findings reveal that while both Norway and the U.K. recognize the importance of peer review in ensuring the integrity and accuracy of DF work, there is a tendency to limit peer reviews to the examination of reports, rather than extending them to more thorough verification of results and methodologies. Utilising the Peer Review Hierarchy for DF as an analytical framework, our study highlights a significant gap in the depth of peer review practices, with both countries primarily focusing on lower-level reviews that are less likely to detect critical errors. The paper discusses the implications of these findings in the field of DF, emphasising the need for more robust and comprehensive peer review mechanisms to enhance the quality and reliability of digital evidence. Furthermore, we discuss the systemic and resource-related challenges that may hinder the implementation of more extensive peer review practices.Science & Justic
Current research and challenges in modelling wear, friction, and noise in mechanical contacts
Get PDFIn recent years, the investigation of friction noise which using to predict the wear has gained increasing attention within the field of tribology. In a wide variety of industries, the wear of mechanical components is a matter of major concern, as it directly affects the working life of machinery and equipment such as brake systems and high-speed running machines. Numerous earlier studies, using mathematical, analytical, and finite element methods (FEM), have proposed various hypotheses concerning contact dynamics and friction surface characteristics with the goal of modeling the contact mechanisms. Modelling mechanical contact with rough surfaces poses significant challenges. This study emphasizes the need for advanced modelling techniques by revealing the limitations of existing models in accurately predicting wear, friction, and frictional noise. The analysis highlights the importance of linking friction, wear, and noise in both dry and lubricated conditions, and underscores the necessity of addressing current gaps to develop more precise wear prediction methods based on noise generation in industrial applications. This paper is to review prominent existing models, exploring their approaches to noise generation from friction and its subsequent effect on surface wear. The paper aims to identify key limitations and challenges in accurately modelling these interdependencies. While previous research has often focused on wear caused by friction between surfaces, there is a notable gap in understanding the relationships between frictional noise, friction coefficient, surface roughness, and wear under sliding contact. Current models still face limitations, such as the influence of lubricants.Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribolog
Experimental and numerical studies of shock wave -- boundary-layer interactions over a cone-cylinder-flare in hypersonic flows
No full textThe present study provides experimental and numerical results for turbulent shockwave boundary layer interactions (SBLIs) over a blunt cone-cylinder-flare geometry, on which there is a lack of available data. Experiments were conducted in the Cranfield hypersonic gun tunnel, at Mach 8.2. Two configurations with varying nose length were studied using experimental testing and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Three dimensionality has been generated by placing the model at incidence. The objective was to extend the range of data available for hypersonic flows and contribute to the design of re-entry vehicles. Experimental results cover forces and moments, that the numerical study aimed to replicate with Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) modeling, and extended by analyzing the separated flow regions over the model. Additionally, the effect of the nose length on the aerodynamic forces and boundary layer transition were presented.AIAA SCITECH 2025 Foru
In situ nanoconfinement catalysis for rapid hydrodechlorination of chlorophenol
No full textChlorinated phenols are highly toxic to human and ecosystem and their biological degradation is difficult. In this work, a novel MgAlNi alloy catalyst was developed for rapid chemical degradation of p-chlorophenol (4-CP) in water under mild conditions via in situ hydrodechlorination (iHDC) without external hydrogen gas supply. A complete conversion of 0.195 mM 4-CP to phenol was achieved within 15 min with a reaction rate constant of 7.65 h−1, 19.4 times higher than that of the traditional Raney Nickel (AlNi alloy) catalyst. The excellent performance of MgAlNi alloy catalyst is attributed to enhanced H2 generation by Mg etching, surface self-reconstruction by growth of in situ layered double hydroxide (iLDH) nanosheets of 0.08–1 nm, exposed active sites of AlNi intermetallic compounds Al3Ni2 and Al3Ni. The findings of this study provide new insights into broader applications of nanoconfinement catalysis to environmental remediation and open a new domain of in situ nanoconfinement catalysis (iNCC).Chemical Engineering Scienc
Using the combustion continuum to distinguish between explosive material and explosive article reactions for a unified scale in ordnance disposal categorization
Get PDFIn this paper, we continue our exploration of the Combustion Continuum, building upon the foundational concepts and analyses presented in Part One of this two-part series (Alford, Hazael, and Critchley 2024). In the first paper, we introduced the benefit of considering burning, deflagration, and detonation (BDD) as lying on a continuum, defining the transition points from each regime to the next. This second paper builds on that background for a deeper understanding of how it can inform an understanding of how munitions react to explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) techniques designed specifically to prevent detonation of the explosive. We propose that when an explosive material within an explosive article (munition) detonates, the munition is said to high-order, but when the material burns or deflagrates, the munition low-orders. In short, a bomb explodes while the explosive within it detonates and low-orders when it deflagrates. This statement is explored in depth to form a robust justification for this and then propose a new munition reaction scale, based on physical evidence that allows results of EOD interventions to be correctly and consistently categorized.This work was sponsored by Alford Technologies Ltd. ho provided logistics and technical resources for the research but played no role in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, the writing of the report and the decision to submit the paper for publication.Journal of Energetic Material